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15320	18440	So, my name is Fred Benenson. Can you hear me alright?
19340	23140	No? Louder? Closer? Closer? Is that closer?
24020	26880	Hello? Hello? Okay. Sorry.
27260	32080	So, my name is Fred Benenson. I just graduated NYU in May,
32080	34040	where I started a free culture club.
34280	37200	We'll be talking about free culture, the organization, in a bit.
37200	39860	But I'm working for Creative Commons over the summer,
39860	42300	and I'm going to be heading back to New York in a bit.
42300	48300	But I've been interested in kind of open source, free software,
49180	54100	everything in terms from hacking to, I don't know, graphic design
54100	56720	since high school when I was reading 2600 and stuff,
56720	58740	and that kind of what got me into it.
58740	61040	But, I don't know. Here's Elizabeth.
62140	64340	Hey, everybody. My name's Elizabeth Stark.
64400	67360	Firstly, I'm kind of losing my voice, so please forgive me,
67360	69020	or if you can't hear me, let me know.
69020	73200	I am a current law student at Harvard Law School,
73200	77860	who apparently needs to check up on their SSL connections.
78480	85280	But I'm also extremely interested in the issues surrounding law, culture, and technology.
85280	87840	I'm kind of a culture junkie myself.
88640	93960	I went to Brown University, and I'm helping out FreeCulture.org.
93960	97040	I am looking to start a chapter at my school next year,
97040	100280	but currently doing a lot of work with the organization,
100280	101740	and representing them here.
103440	107480	All right. So, we came up with this idea to give a speech here
107480	112240	because we wanted to kind of bring FreeCulture to another community,
112240	118980	and we see DEF CON as a kind of great community of like-minded technology folk.
120280	123980	So, let's get started about what FreeCulture actually means.
123980	127440	First of all, this is not in particular order,
127440	131780	but it's a book written by Lawrence Lessig, famous law professor from Harvard.
133000	134800	I'm sorry, he taught at Yale.
135040	138120	He went to Yale, taught at Harvard, now he teaches at Stanford.
138180	139740	He also runs Creative Commons.
140600	142680	So, he's written a couple books.
142980	144900	He's working on another one called Code,
144900	148060	but his most famous one is called FreeCulture.
149060	154340	FreeCulture also means the student movement that we're participating in,
155020	161200	and it all started from a lawsuit at Swarthmore.
161380	162980	But at first we'd like to clarify, though,
162980	166840	we do not claim to be the entire quote-unquote FreeCulture movement.
166980	169340	We are one student organization within the movement
169340	174720	that is composed of professors, academics, artists, technologists,
174720	177160	all different types of people that are interested in the issues
177160	180260	relating, say, to copyleft, to FreeCulture,
180260	182680	not as in free beer, but more like free trade.
183320	184980	And we are a part of that movement.
184980	188120	Sometimes we are accused of claiming that we created the movement.
188200	189680	No, that's not really the case.
189680	191760	We're here representing FreeCulture.org,
191760	193020	which you can see up on the site.
193020	195020	If you want more information, kind of dig through there.
195100	196860	But hopefully we'll give you some here.
197540	200480	I'm going to describe how it kind of came about,
200480	202340	what college students were first involved in it,
202340	204180	because it's actually kind of an interesting story.
205840	209000	I'm going to quote from an article on motherjones.com
209000	215100	about two students at Swarthmore College named Luke and Nelson.
216320	218340	Here, I'll read from the article.
218340	220120	The adventure began in spring 2003
220120	222280	when a hacker broke into dbold's computer system
222280	225480	and under 15,000 internal emails.
225500	228700	In them, dbold employees fret over the voting machine's vulnerability
228700	232280	to hackers and their alarming habit of going on the fritz.
232280	235780	I need some answers, one employee wrote from Florida,
235780	237600	regarding the 2000 recount.
238720	243880	Precinct 216 gave Al Gore a minus 16,022 votes when it was uploaded.
243880	245420	Will somebody please explain this to me
245420	248260	so I have the information to give to the auditor
248260	250200	instead of standing there looking dumb?
250200	254080	That's the text in the memos that were published online.
254340	255560	So it was a big deal,
255560	260840	because these memos kind of exposed a glaring flaw in our voting process.
260840	266100	For all the insanity that went on during the Bush vs. Gore election in 2000,
266100	270460	it was a really big deal to kind of think that the voting machines were broken.
270460	274440	I mean, who knows what could have happened if anybody established anything.
274440	277900	So dbold was responsible for these voting machines that went on the fritz.
277900	280600	The memos got left open for the technically minded
280600	284340	in an open FTP directory with no password.
284580	286880	Enough people downloaded it and started passing it around
286880	289080	that it became kind of like buzz on the internet.
289080	291380	Luke and Nelson at Swarthmore picked up on it
291380	294840	because they were familiar with the movement and that kind of thing.
294840	296800	They put it on their website.
297000	298120	So did Derek.
298620	300060	Yeah, so did Derek.
300140	303220	And everyone who was posting on their website,
303220	306880	obviously dbold freaks out and starts sending cease and desist letters.
306880	309500	And the cease and desist letters were really interesting
309500	314740	because they weren't trade secrets cease and desist letters.
314740	317300	They were copyright infringement cease and desist letters,
317300	321060	which is pretty much claiming that the internal memos from dbold
321060	324420	had original art that they were trying to claim copyright on.
324420	327540	And by posting it on a website, you're infringing on the copyright.
327540	331920	It's kind of a big difference between copying CDs and publishing memos.
331940	335420	But as we know, large content companies,
335420	338480	they basically would send cease and desist letters to people
338480	341520	even if they don't have a valid copyright argument
341520	343020	because they want to scare people away.
343020	346420	And this is pretty much the argument in this situation.
346420	348960	These were college kids, other ISPs.
348960	350740	When they first sent the letter to Swarthmore,
350740	352500	they immediately took it down.
353160	358480	Swarthmore freaked out, as any university or college would probably freak out.
358480	360560	They contacted the students and took it down.
360700	364520	Luke and Nelson kind of bit their lip and played by their game for a bit
364520	367040	but then realized that they should stand up for it.
367040	370140	So then they posted the memos up on another site.
370140	373860	I'm not sure where, but it was a big deal
373860	379160	because they were kind of standing up to this big, evil Republican corporation.
381540	384000	We're a non-partisan group, by the way.
384000	385620	Yeah, we're a non-partisan group.
386580	389500	It was these two kids from a liberal arts university
389500	393520	getting threatened by a Republican corporation.
393520	395760	It was a fascinating point.
395760	399500	Anyway, so instead of getting sued by Diebold,
399500	401700	what happens is that they actually sue Diebold
401700	406380	under a provision called 512F, which Elizabeth will talk about.
406800	409940	So as we all know, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act,
409940	413340	otherwise known as the DMCA, has a lot of provisions that we don't like.
413340	415900	There is something written into it called 512F
415900	419360	that this was the first case to actually test the provision
419360	424580	where if you are accusing copyright infringement,
424580	428800	where it is so basically obvious that this is not a case of infringement,
428800	432420	as if you're bullying someone, which I think Diebold in this case clearly...
432420	434240	Definitely qualified as bullying.
434240	436580	I think a lot of other content companies are doing that as well,
436580	440080	but you can sue under this provision.
440560	443020	The EFF stepped in as well,
443020	447520	and David over here testified for the EFF in the case.
447520	449120	So we have a lot of supporters here.
449200	451900	And they won the case.
452480	456000	The court basically said this is an obvious fair use,
456000	457680	and it was so obvious that they could not have thought
457680	459480	that it was an actual copyright infringement.
459480	462660	One of the big deals was that the information that was released
462660	465440	was actually in the public interest.
465660	470840	It wasn't just some trade secret like Apple's new design for the shuffle,
470840	472660	which is questionably in the public interest.
472660	477780	It was something that actually had to do with voting and the next president
477780	479040	and that kind of thing.
479400	482560	So it definitely qualified as fair use.
482560	483820	The good news is...
483820	485710	They got back attorney's fees and also...
486240	488460	Right, they won the lawsuit, got back attorney's fees,
488460	491020	and won some money for themselves, I think.
491480	494120	So that kind of started a...
494120	496380	It was a sensation at Swarthmore.
496380	499660	It was such a small college in that these kids were in magazines,
499660	502160	New York Times magazine, it was a huge deal.
502220	504740	And they realized that there was really a demand for students
504740	508240	who are interested in the future of copyright,
508240	510960	online, internet technologies and everything,
510960	513920	that there was really a demand for a political movement.
516020	519340	During the Diebold trial, Nelson and Luke had started a group
519340	522080	called the Swarthmore Coalition for the Digital Commons.
522080	523500	Not so easy to say.
523500	525060	Yeah, not so easy to say.
525220	528720	But after garnering so much public and national attention,
528720	531480	they decided to just rename themselves to FreeCulture.org
531480	533840	and start a national organization.
534220	537680	So that's kind of how the beginning of the organization worked.
537680	541760	Nelson and Luke kind of worked hard to get it going at Swarthmore
541760	544900	and then started up an email list and got stuff posted on Slashdot
544900	546400	and that's how I found out about it.
546400	547940	I'd been kind of interested.
547940	548040	Lessig's blog as well.
548040	549820	Yeah, Lessig's blog posted about it.
549820	552080	Although, one thing I'd like to clarify is,
552080	555380	as much as we definitely admire the work of Professor Lessig
555380	557460	and we have read his books and whatnot,
557460	560020	he is not the head of our organization.
560220	563280	Some people have accused him of basically rounding up students
563280	565100	to be his quote-unquote chief.
565380	566120	That is not what we are.
566120	567260	This is pretty far from the truth.
567260	570660	And he consistently denies that he has anything to do
570660	573760	with kind of our big decision-making and that kind of thing.
573760	578920	I mean, we named our club after his book.
578920	581720	It's an important document as far as we're concerned,
581720	584720	but there is a lot of difference between Lawrence Lessig and Free Culture.
584720	586280	So just a minor point.
586280	589900	But our goal is to try to make it as student-oriented as possible
589900	595640	and try to keep our board of directors, when we decide on one,
595640	601380	as kind of young and hip and in with the college and university crowd as possible.
601820	603100	And grad school.
603100	604260	And grad school.
604540	605760	Well, university.
606880	610420	So basically this email list starts going around in the,
610420	614320	I guess it's the summer of 2004 and I get on it
614320	617960	and I was interested in doing stuff at NYU
617960	620440	because I pulled an April Fool's prank.
620440	624320	It was a poster from the RIAA saying,
624320	628220	trade in your MP3s and we'll give you iTunes credits.
628460	632540	It was this really elaborate prank and we put up posters everywhere
632540	636380	and people really responded to it and I kind of realized then
636380	638380	that students are interested in this.
638380	641680	This is a topic that people are talking about and arguing about.
641680	646500	And it was actually at the top of all the lawsuits
646500	648280	going against college students for file sharing.
648280	652680	So I coordinated, I got something started at NYU
653200	654900	and kind of went from there.
654900	656320	We're now a club at NYU.
657100	659820	There's an umbrella organization called FreeCulture.org
659820	663060	which kind of helps manage everything.
663060	666240	And Elizabeth and I are in the core committee
666240	668120	and we kind of work from there.
668120	670080	And then we also have a main discuss list
670080	674600	that people kind of post links and argue on and that kind of thing.
674600	678040	And I highly encourage you to join it because it's a very interesting list
678040	681420	with a lot of kind of up-to-date stuff on it.
681560	684800	And we currently have 13 chapters across the country
684800	688920	and firstly we have countless students from other schools
689720	692100	who are interested, who are trying to start up chapters,
692100	696180	who participate in the discussions and the meetings that we have.
696180	698720	And we also have a lot of international interest,
698720	701520	especially from, for example, the UK.
701520	704960	I think somebody just started FreeCulture.org.uk
705520	709980	and they're working on a project out of, I think, where is it?
710520	711960	I'm not sure.
712000	714460	And we also have people in South America.
714680	718280	As some of you may know, South America is extremely interested in,
718280	719940	for example, in Brazil and Argentina,
719940	721780	the free software movement and free culture movement.
721780	724960	So we have a bunch of people interested from there.
725120	727860	So as opposed to explaining kind of our origins,
727860	729480	let's get a little bit more specific.
729480	732260	We see ourselves as do-it-yourself politics.
732260	734340	I mean, that's really the nature of a grassroots organization
734340	737580	is that you kind of identify a problem you have with society
737580	740420	or policy or law and you kind of go from there.
740420	743260	And our main goal is to reform copyright law
743260	748060	and kind of pave the way for sensible technology.
748360	750300	And to educate people about the alternative
750300	753460	and how we can work toward a greater public domain
753460	754920	and freedom of information.
755080	756840	And as students, we're a concerned party.
756840	758680	We're worried that governments, corporations,
758680	760540	and even individuals are making bad choices
760540	762700	about how this stuff is happening.
762700	765460	And these choices threaten to stagnate future progress
765460	770380	and innovation in ways that we haven't really known before
770380	772260	or we won't even ever know.
773600	775420	So basically, we came to DEF CON
775420	778100	because we think hackers should care about free culture.
778120	780800	And we see kind of our goals as an organization
780800	784620	very similar to a lot of the sentiments in the hacker community.
784620	788780	And one of the biggest things that hackers tout
788780	791240	is their right to be curious and explore the technology
791240	793480	that we're using or that they're using.
793480	797920	And we feel that as a main tenet of culture and technology.
797920	802540	So where hackers mainly explore code and systems
802540	805360	and that kind of thing, we like to encourage the idea
805360	809300	of exploring culture and taking and using culture
809300	811440	in similar ways as a hacker.
811440	811680	And code.
811680	812320	And code.
814140	816280	So from that point on, I guess we're going to talk about
816280	819940	some examples of what we consider culture hacking.
820680	823900	People taking bits of culture and remixing them
823900	826640	and reusing them in ways that they were originally unintended.
826840	830100	And to that end, we have a lot of media that we're going to show
830100	832380	and entertaining stuff from the history
832380	835280	of what we like to call culture hacking.
835560	837620	First, I'm going to...
837620	840000	Bear with me if you guys feel like this is too close
840000	842540	to an art history presentation.
842540	845020	But hey, I don't think a lot of other people are talking
845020	847000	about art history at DEF CON.
847380	850180	Here we go.
850200	851160	Get ready.
853400	854440	Fade in.
854520	855300	Oh, yeah.
856660	859880	Okay, so some of you may be familiar with this image.
859880	861360	Some of you may not be.
862160	866380	As far as I know, this is one of the first blatant uses
866380	870740	of a remix in Western art.
870740	873420	And this is by an artist named Marcel Duchamp.
873420	876180	This is actually a... Oops. I'm sorry.
877740	879360	Picasso's getting feisty.
879360	883260	Okay, so Marcel Duchamp did this in the early 1900s.
883380	887660	He was a prolific artist dabbling in a lot of different genres.
887660	892760	But this was a postcard remake of the Mona Lisa.
892760	896060	And it looks huge now, but it's actually incredibly tiny.
896060	902140	And he basically drew a mustache on her and wrote L-H-O-O-Q at the bottom.
902140	905360	And when pronounced phonetically in French, that means she's got a...
905360	906340	There you go.
907040	910660	And when pronounced phonetically, that means she's got a hot ass, right?
910660	911360	A nice ass.
911360	912540	A nice ass.
913440	917260	So this is one of my favorite pieces of work, art,
917260	922360	because it ties in so many ideas that were just coming of age
922360	924180	in the early 1900s.
924180	927660	The idea that art is getting whittled down to postcard size.
927660	930900	And this would be something you'd send one of your friends from the Louvre,
930900	931820	and that kind of thing.
931820	935280	But it was Duchamp kind of mocking this,
935280	937340	and kind of coming up and saying that,
937340	938600	well, maybe this is art too.
938600	942540	And so, you know, even though he just drew a mustache on her,
942540	943920	it became a famous piece of art.
943920	947920	And he was widely recognized as being brilliant for this.
948160	950180	And let's clarify something.
950440	953980	When you said this is one of the first remixes in modern art,
953980	957260	I think we take the position that almost all art and all culture
957260	959540	is derivative in some way or another.
959540	961760	I guess I meant it in a literal remix sense,
961760	964840	is that this is exactly, this is a sample,
964840	966760	in its most literal sense.
966900	972080	And before this, my personal opinion is that most music remixes itself
972080	973420	on a metaphorical level.
973420	976240	You're always referencing what Beethoven did, or Mozart did,
976240	977320	and that kind of thing.
978020	980900	So anyway, Duchamp did some more cool stuff.
980900	982480	This is pushing it a little bit farther.
982480	987660	This is a urinal he took from a public metro station, I think, in Paris,
987660	990040	and basically wrote Armut on it,
990040	993220	which was one of his pseudonyms that he released art under,
993220	994420	and put it on display.
994420	997160	And he got it into a museum or gallery, I think,
997160	998900	and it was a sensation.
998900	1000420	It blew people's minds in Paris.
1000420	1004500	People were so angry and excited.
1004500	1005800	How could a urinal be art?
1005800	1009520	Yeah, yeah, it was just on the tip of everyone's tongue
1009520	1011560	in the art scene in the early 1900s.
1011560	1014480	And I think recently, I can't remember who said it,
1014480	1017420	but this was voted the most influential piece of modern art
1017420	1019700	in the 20th century.
1019740	1021000	And, you know, it's a urinal,
1021000	1024580	but it's the idea of appropriating something that's already been created.
1024920	1028760	And Duchamp was one of the first artists to do this.
1029840	1031620	And our position is,
1031620	1035700	what if copyright laws were as strict as they are now, back then?
1035700	1038120	I mean, would Duchamp really have gotten away with this?
1038120	1040600	I mean, obviously the Mona Lisa's in the public domain,
1040600	1044120	but who knows about the manufacturer of the urinal?
1044120	1045520	They probably could have sued him.
1046280	1048780	Next up, I'm not sure...
1048780	1050520	I think the original design of the art...
1050520	1052380	Well, that's for another one to debate.
1053900	1055060	So this is a shovel.
1055060	1057040	This is another Duchamp piece.
1057300	1058560	It's a snow shovel.
1058800	1060260	He got it at a museum.
1060940	1062100	I think it's pretty cool.
1062720	1065300	And this is one of the most famous pieces of modern art.
1065300	1066580	I'm sure you all recognize.
1066880	1067880	This is Andy Warhol.
1067880	1070280	I think he did this in the middle of the 60s.
1070280	1074240	He pretty much just took a picture of a Campbell's soup can,
1074240	1076400	got it into a silkscreen format,
1076400	1079460	and made a ton of silkscreen canvases
1079460	1081840	with the Campbell's soup can logo on it.
1081840	1083220	This was a huge deal because
1085020	1088060	people just loved the idea that he was representing
1091120	1093140	consumer products as art.
1093140	1095660	And it was extraordinarily controversial,
1095660	1096980	just like Duchamp was.
1096980	1099700	And people couldn't understand why
1099700	1102780	somebody would put up a soup can and call it art.
1103080	1107060	But it's lasted over time,
1107060	1110300	and everyone kind of accepts it as an important part of art.
1110300	1112040	Campbell's, at the time, didn't object.
1112040	1113460	They were like, this is great.
1113460	1115720	Somebody's found a novel way to use our soup can.
1115720	1116920	Yeah, they didn't sue.
1116920	1119400	Instead, they found it as promotion for their product.
1119400	1120500	It's like free advertising.
1120500	1122440	They thought it was great marketing.
1122700	1124940	I kind of have a funny story to tell about this,
1124940	1126960	but I'll save it for the end.
1127620	1129480	This is another example of Warhol's art.
1129480	1130380	It's a Brillo.
1130540	1132240	I think these are larger than life.
1132240	1133320	Yeah, he scaled these up,
1133320	1136280	so it's just the idea of turning a small soap pad
1136280	1138460	into a large kind of box.
1138460	1140700	Just more appropriation art.
1141320	1142640	More of Warhol's stuff.
1142640	1145400	I mean, these are worth hundreds of thousands of dollars now.
1145940	1148740	I mean, not to say that money is a good value.
1149140	1150820	Here's Warhol himself.
1150820	1152740	I'm sorry about the JPEG compression on that.
1152740	1153540	It's ugly.
1154580	1156160	More Campbell's soup can.
1156160	1158120	He's just kind of going crazy with this stuff.
1158120	1159620	Everyone loves it at the time.
1160360	1162300	Another famous Warhol painting.
1162300	1164080	This is actually interesting because he's using
1165500	1166420	a celebrity's image,
1166420	1168500	and there's a whole debate going on right now.
1168500	1170620	It's kind of like cutting-edge copyright.
1171040	1172340	I'm sorry, not copyright,
1172340	1174440	but a law debate about publicity images
1174440	1176180	and whether or not celebrities can kind of claim
1176680	1179080	ownership of what they look like and that kind of thing.
1179080	1180640	And I don't think he got permission
1180640	1182900	from Marilyn Monroe from this at all.
1182900	1185000	And who knows if she would have objected.
1185000	1186900	I mean, blue eyeliner is kind of
1186900	1189360	hard to deal with, or whatever it is.
1189620	1190840	I don't think he got permission
1190840	1191980	for this one either.
1192360	1193540	I'm thinking no.
1194800	1197320	Alright, on to Jean-Michel Basquiat.
1197580	1199420	He's another influential painter
1199420	1200600	of the 20th century
1201340	1202360	in America.
1202360	1204200	He was actually good friends with Andy Warhol.
1204200	1206980	There's some great books and information about Jean-Michel.
1206980	1208560	He lived in the East Village,
1208560	1210900	and so I kind of picked up on his stuff.
1211200	1212600	If you look in the bottom
1212600	1214120	right-hand corner of this image, I'm sorry,
1214120	1216620	the Picasso stuff, the overlay is kind of taking over,
1216620	1218820	but there's a little copyright down here.
1220180	1220740	Yeah.
1221640	1222720	Jean-Michel was obsessed
1222720	1224480	with copyright and kind of like the idea
1224480	1226440	that images were copyrighted and
1226440	1228480	that he could use them and kind of
1229240	1230600	claim domain over them
1230600	1232660	in his own paintings. So, over and
1232660	1234520	over and over again, you see his use
1234520	1236920	of words and
1236920	1239060	mass consumer ideas
1239060	1240900	put into his art as kind of an
1241520	1243100	appropriation. And people at the
1243100	1245180	time saw this as kind of similar
1245180	1247080	to what hip-hop was doing. We were using these
1247080	1249320	samples from current life
1249320	1251100	and we're putting them into our art. What time was this?
1251100	1253020	This was like mid-80s.
1253060	1255120	Jean-Michel died in 87 at the
1255120	1257500	early age of 27 from a heroin overdose.
1258220	1259660	He was a real rock star.
1260080	1261560	This is some more of his work.
1262320	1263040	He just
1263040	1265120	basically opened up books and picked
1265120	1266860	out words and put them in there. He also used
1266860	1269340	images. He was a prolific graffiti
1269340	1270320	artist in
1270900	1272360	New York City at the time.
1273080	1275080	Here's a picture of him with Warhol. They were really
1275080	1277100	good friends. They both kind of dug
1277100	1278880	on the idea of appropriation.
1279680	1280800	Some more Basquiat.
1282360	1283340	Universal up there.
1283340	1285140	This is one of my favorites of his.
1285260	1287180	I guess he really loved movies.
1287220	1289160	So, I think Universal probably
1289160	1291120	didn't sue him on this or didn't even bother.
1291120	1292400	He even put the trademark notice.
1292400	1294560	Yeah, yeah. I mean, his infatuation
1294560	1296440	with trademark and copyright is throughout
1296440	1297640	all of his stuff.
1298880	1300440	Who knows if he would have gotten away with
1300440	1302520	this now. Alright, so that's
1302520	1303940	the end of my slideshow.
1305680	1306560	Okay.
1306580	1308340	Before I kind of get off
1308340	1310460	the art kick, I'm going to talk about
1310720	1312360	a contemporary artist that's doing similar
1312360	1314140	stuff in New York City named
1314140	1315500	Cory Archangel.
1316380	1318340	Cory does some really cool
1318340	1319220	stuff with
1320220	1321260	Nintendo ROMs.
1321260	1322820	He pretty much reprograms
1322820	1325920	Nintendo ROMs to be art.
1326160	1326880	He got
1326880	1329040	one of his pieces was called
1329040	1330580	the Nintendo Clouds.
1330580	1332680	He got it into the Whitney Biennial in
1332980	1334400	2002, I believe.
1334640	1337380	It was pretty much Mario without Mario
1337380	1339880	or anything except for the clouds.
1340080	1341440	I had a picture of it.
1341440	1342880	Let me see if I can get it.
1344620	1345280	Anyway,
1345280	1347100	it was just like a Nintendo cartridge
1347100	1348960	playing the clouds
1348960	1350940	over and over and over again.
1350940	1353100	The music was playing and it was kind of a
1354280	1355380	sensation. That was all you
1355380	1357480	really saw, but it was running from a real Nintendo.
1357480	1359200	They had this whole set up in the
1359200	1361380	Whitney where there's just a Nintendo
1361380	1363080	thing sitting there.
1363080	1365120	This is just a great example of contemporary
1366060	1368040	appropriation art.
1368040	1369560	This pretty much took the New York
1369560	1373180	art scene by storm.
1373180	1373880	Cory got
1373880	1374940	pretty famous pretty quickly.
1375520	1376860	Recently in February,
1376860	1378940	he just showed
1379620	1381060	this new piece of art.
1381060	1382800	It's a 15-minute Mario movie where
1382800	1384580	Mario goes to a rave.
1384900	1386860	It's a little bit too long to play here,
1386860	1388860	but he pretty much disassembled
1388860	1390940	the entire Mario cartridge,
1390940	1392940	reprogrammed it to himself, used all the
1392940	1395220	sprites however he wanted, wrote new music.
1395220	1397060	It's an incredible use of appropriation art.
1397060	1398920	I'm going to show it now and
1398920	1400960	hope the music's not too obnoxious for
1400960	1401600	you guys.
1404940	1406240	Oh, that doesn't look good.
1406440	1407240	Okay.
1408960	1410820	So this is the intro. I'm going to fast-forward
1411020	1411760	a little bit.
1416650	1417430	So a lot of
1417430	1419230	the themes in this piece of art is that
1420250	1421050	Mario and
1421470	1423310	his images are kind of functions
1423310	1425710	of our collective memory right now.
1425730	1427650	And they're all deteriorating.
1427650	1429130	So Cory's idea is to kind of
1430190	1431370	rejuvenate them. So a lot
1431370	1432430	of themes are kind of like
1434210	1435010	this deterioration
1435010	1436950	and that these memories
1436950	1438930	are getting lost. So he uses a lot of
1438930	1440950	kind of corruption of the actual
1440950	1442630	image. And it's not that he's
1442630	1444870	not a good programmer or
1444870	1447010	didn't do it properly. It's that he wants to kind of
1447530	1448970	reinforce the idea that we're losing
1448970	1450790	the idea of Mario to
1450790	1452610	nostalgia and that kind of thing.
1452950	1454910	So I'm going to fast-forward a little bit.
1456630	1457130	This is
1457130	1458870	Mario falling. He's just done some
1458870	1461070	really neat stuff. I mean, this is like pushing
1461070	1462770	the Nintendo to its
1462770	1463670	limits.
1464930	1465090	And
1467730	1468730	there's a whole narrative
1468730	1470890	going on here. This is like Mario looking around
1470890	1471830	for stuff.
1473070	1474890	You know, this is kind of a bad part
1474890	1475710	for him.
1476730	1478450	Is this like a bad trip or something?
1478450	1480390	Yeah, yeah. I mean, you'll see.
1480690	1483230	He's about to take a mushroom, I think.
1485110	1486750	So he's going to this rave
1486750	1488730	and he's on
1488730	1490890	his way there. Eventually he gets
1490890	1492710	there. He's got to go through a lot of castles
1492710	1494590	and there's a lot of jokes about the princess
1494590	1496870	because as anyone who's played Mario
1496870	1499210	knows, the princess is always
1499210	1500710	the objective.
1502470	1502910	So
1502910	1504730	it gets pretty intense. And this is all just
1504730	1506890	with 8602
1507430	1508670	assembly, which
1508670	1510970	looks like the most nasty assembly you've ever
1510970	1513270	seen. We included the code.
1513290	1514910	Yeah, if you get the CD
1514910	1516790	that Defcon hands out, you can download
1516790	1518870	the ROM and do whatever you want with it.
1520890	1522690	So this is pretty intense.
1524550	1524950	Basically
1524950	1527130	when he gets to the rave, it's just Pong.
1533910	1537130	So it's kind of a meta video game.
1537570	1538210	Right, right.
1538210	1539710	It's kind of a rave scene.
1539770	1541630	The original video game, right?
1542470	1544330	So, Cory kind of
1544330	1546370	operates in a copyright
1546370	1548950	vacuum. I mean, I've talked to him a lot about this stuff.
1549110	1550370	I mean, he just kind of
1550370	1552490	wants to make art using Mario
1552490	1554270	and that kind of thing. And it's questionable
1554270	1556230	whether or not Nintendo cares. I mean,
1556230	1558210	as far as I know, there's no official
1558210	1560310	comment from Nintendo. He has not gotten
1560310	1562290	any letters. There are no cease and desist
1562290	1564130	letters yet. I mean, in theory, it could be the Walmart
1564130	1566730	as key in promoting Super Mario Bros.
1566810	1568350	Right. But the real question
1568350	1570390	is whether or not Cory's work falls under fair
1570390	1571790	use. And
1572430	1574570	I believe it does. I mean, this is transformation.
1574570	1576390	Fair use is a whole other big debate.
1577030	1578290	I think they could have a decent
1578290	1580070	case. Yeah, I think Cory could have it.
1580150	1581610	Nintendo might have it.
1581790	1584070	The fact that he's using
1584630	1586050	Mario's image so blatantly
1586050	1587890	is really a big deal.
1587890	1589630	Especially the clouds. I think the clouds
1589630	1591270	are now one of the fair use.
1591370	1593770	So, Cory's done a lot of other really neat
1594290	1595990	hacks with video game cartridges.
1595990	1597970	One of his more abstract
1597970	1599650	ones is hacking
1600630	1601890	a Tetris cartridge so that
1601890	1604110	the timer, the internal timer
1604110	1606170	of the Nintendo slows it
1606170	1608090	down so it's like super slow Tetris.
1608090	1610690	And it takes like 10 minutes to do one line.
1610690	1612050	So you can always win.
1612050	1614090	So you can always win, yeah.
1614610	1616270	So check him out. We'll
1616270	1618930	have some links up that we can send you guys.
1619490	1619950	But
1619950	1622010	just a kind of contemporary example
1622010	1624650	of appropriation art.
1631920	1634400	Okay, so next we have a video
1634400	1635900	from Matt Bosch who
1635900	1638180	Elizabeth will talk about.
1638660	1640000	It's very similar kind of
1640000	1641940	video game art. Right, we're not
1641940	1644100	solely advocating for video game art.
1644100	1645880	I think these are two examples
1645880	1647440	of combining
1648580	1650140	technology and culture
1650140	1652000	which is something that we very much
1652000	1654260	support at our organization.
1654260	1655920	I mean, we are
1655920	1657980	talking about art and culture but I must say the main
1657980	1659960	focus of a lot of the issues that we
1659960	1662540	discuss is surrounding technology.
1664680	1665200	So
1665200	1666480	this is entitled Persistent
1666480	1668580	Artifacts by Matt Bosch.
1668580	1670480	It's currently in the New York Video Festival.
1670980	1672440	And here he's mixing a childhood
1672440	1674400	video with his first video game
1674400	1676320	called Adventure on the Atari
1676320	1678260	2600. I don't know if any of you
1678260	1680220	played it. Woohoo!
1681700	1682620	He identifies
1682620	1684160	that it's the shell of his
1684820	1686460	past identity as an
1686460	1688400	adolescent computer geek. He's actually
1688400	1690680	probably now a 20-something geek.
1690680	1692620	And he
1692620	1694680	portrays his experience and interaction
1696040	1696820	like when
1696820	1698840	he was a child playing the video and this is
1698840	1700680	his interpretation. Sorry, playing the game
1701340	1702720	of it. And you can probably
1702720	1704740	see now his image coming
1704740	1707300	through from a family home video.
1708500	1710500	This is an homage to the early
1710500	1712920	lone Atari developers, as he put it,
1712920	1714300	who created the game that shaped
1714300	1716800	many of our childhoods, but many
1716800	1718540	of whom remain unknown
1718540	1720700	as a result. Apparently the author
1720700	1722740	of Adventure,
1722740	1725240	named Warren Robinett,
1725240	1726300	refused to be forgotten
1726300	1728440	and he actually implemented one of the first
1728440	1731160	Easter eggs in this game.
1731500	1732720	Because Atari would not
1732720	1735320	credit the developers for the game,
1735320	1736760	he hid his name in a secret room
1736760	1738660	in the game, creating the
1738660	1740620	first Easter egg. You can find
1740620	1742640	the hidden signature by using a certain item
1742640	1745420	in a specific room. Unfortunately, I don't have the details.
1745480	1746940	I can try to find out.
1747740	1748860	And subsequently
1748860	1750960	he did leave Atari, but I guess
1750960	1753700	his legacy still remains in the game.
1753980	1755220	And I think this is also
1755220	1757180	in a way Matt's reaction to
1758000	1758560	how
1758560	1761080	corporations were not giving the developers credit
1761080	1762660	for their work and they were kind of
1762660	1765140	taking the hands out of the creators
1765820	1766380	and
1766940	1769320	he wanted to kind of memorialize
1769320	1771120	that as well in this
1771120	1773000	work and reflect upon his
1773000	1775820	experiences in doing so.
1775820	1777440	So, you know,
1777440	1779620	we're kind of showing all these examples of art
1779620	1781500	and that kind of thing. I mean, there are entire
1781500	1783200	genres of music
1783760	1785700	that rely on appropriation and
1785700	1787640	sampling. I mean, hip-hop is one
1787640	1789840	great example. Electronic music,
1789840	1790960	I mean, there's kind of this great
1791940	1793760	brotherhood going on with electronic music
1793760	1795640	where you can remix anything and get
1795640	1797600	away with it and nobody's going to sue you for copyright
1797600	1799020	infringement. And it's...
1800200	1801500	It depends which
1802160	1803560	fringes you get to. I mean, if you get
1803560	1805340	more poppy, it's probably more likely
1805340	1807600	that you'll get sued for copyright infringement.
1807600	1809780	But there's a great wealth of
1809780	1811120	electronic music that
1811120	1813180	can be remixed and
1813180	1815600	nobody will kind of think twice about it.
1815600	1817380	First, the genre of hip-hop
1817380	1819220	would probably not exist today
1819220	1821580	if people were
1821580	1823640	not allowed to sample and there were
1823640	1825300	such perhaps... Right.
1825300	1827940	There's a great book called Copyrights
1827940	1829200	and Copywrongs by Stephen
1830260	1831660	Vitahanathan. Who's a huge
1831660	1833900	fan of hip-hop, by the way. Right. He's a huge fan of hip-hop
1833900	1835780	and he writes this kind of history
1835780	1837680	of copyright in the context of
1837680	1839860	how it kind of gives birth to
1839860	1841740	hip-hop or lack
1841740	1842580	thereof.
1844260	1845700	How it might have prevented the birth
1845700	1847560	of hip-hop. I mean, hip-hop is predicated
1847560	1849940	upon sampling others' work, right?
1849940	1851660	Right. So,
1853260	1854060	basically,
1855000	1855640	what does
1855640	1857760	culture and what does free culture
1857760	1859460	have to say to the hacker community and
1859460	1861600	why have we showed you all this art
1861600	1863020	and that kind of thing?
1863460	1865540	The big thing that
1865540	1867440	we see, the big important part
1867440	1867940	is that
1868640	1869280	we
1871160	1873860	see culture as technology.
1873860	1874580	We see
1875340	1877500	technology as an important part
1877500	1878660	of our world, but
1879800	1881460	one that hackers
1881460	1883560	are fighting to kind of keep
1883560	1885060	open and...
1886500	1887520	Oh, I'm
1887520	1889500	sorry. We're gonna get music
1889500	1890160	up.
1892140	1893480	Okay, so we're gonna play some
1893480	1895020	music that's kind of indicative of
1896320	1897540	remix culture and that kind
1897540	1899640	of stuff in the background so you guys don't get too bored.
1899640	1900360	I'm sorry.
1902600	1903300	So,
1903300	1905340	hackers fight to kind of keep
1905340	1907460	technology open and
1908420	1909260	investigable and
1909260	1912040	they can go look and poke around and that kind of thing.
1913700	1915500	our fear is that maybe people
1915500	1917040	don't really think about how
1917820	1919300	culture works that way and
1919300	1921340	you need to have culture open and kind of
1921340	1923600	you can play around with and that
1923600	1924500	kind of thing.
1926220	1927800	This is an example.
1927800	1929200	This music in the background is the
1929200	1931100	Avalanches. They've sampled
1931100	1933500	over a thousand samples to make this record.
1933500	1935460	It's a great record called Since I Left You.
1936500	1937320	You should pick it up.
1937320	1938840	Essentially, it is a collage
1939320	1940640	of samples.
1941000	1943620	In fact, they did clear, from what I understand,
1943620	1945140	even a Madonna sample,
1945140	1947320	which is really hard to find.
1948500	1949880	Madonna cannot let you
1949880	1950760	clear a sample.
1950940	1954220	Part of the problem is the way the current system works.
1954440	1955520	It was extremely difficult
1955520	1957740	to clear all the samples. I know a lot of
1958380	1959520	releases that are delayed
1959520	1961200	or maybe they'll have to take out tracks
1961880	1963440	because it is just not possible
1963440	1965380	to do so and we feel that
1965380	1967480	we really enjoy this kind of music.
1967480	1969400	No, it may never be on the top 40.
1969400	1971620	That's fine. We're not advocating
1971620	1974200	that it should be on MTV 24-7.
1974200	1974920	Right.
1975320	1977800	A lot of people kind of think that
1977800	1978900	well, why don't you go
1979440	1981840	make music and just do whatever you want
1981840	1983920	and kind of not worry about copyright.
1983920	1985980	What if you just did that?
1988140	1989820	Why does copyright have to be
1989820	1990800	such a big deal?
1991340	1993600	Our fear as an organization is that
1993600	1995620	it's really going to sway a lot of people
1995620	1997460	who don't really want to be
1997460	1999660	illegal rebels and don't really want to
1999660	2001780	break the law to make music.
2001780	2003700	Some people are not as
2003700	2005920	radical as you might be
2005920	2007860	or we might be at Defcon and that kind of thing
2007860	2009760	and really just want to play by the rules
2009760	2011660	but if everything's kind of locked down
2011660	2013640	and there's this increasing threat
2013640	2015660	of copyright lawsuits
2015660	2017760	then they're going to be much less
2017760	2019720	encouraged to make new art.
2019720	2021580	And the hacker community really
2021580	2023440	thrives on the underground and
2023440	2025800	it's really kind of a big part
2025800	2027360	of the idea is to remain
2027360	2029120	kind of under the surface but
2029720	2031000	to the extent that
2031000	2033300	you can do that in culture, it's not
2033300	2034720	as rewarding because
2035640	2037560	culture is meant to be seen and heard.
2037560	2039540	You can post a mix anonymously online
2039540	2041200	and people can listen to it but there's
2041200	2043660	always an issue of identification.
2043700	2045300	Right, there's always going to be this problem of
2045300	2047660	how do you disseminate culture properly
2047660	2049000	and with the
2049000	2050940	really good hacks and that kind of thing
2050940	2053160	they're under the surface
2053160	2055160	and you might not even ever know about them
2055160	2057740	and that's why they're good. That's not how culture works.
2057740	2059360	So the worry
2059360	2061160	is that if you just want to
2061160	2062980	keep kind of working in the underground
2062980	2065160	and we totally like underground
2065160	2066580	and obscure music and that kind of thing
2066580	2068780	but if you want to keep avoiding the
2068780	2071120	spotlight because you're afraid of a lawsuit
2071120	2073280	that kind of thing, it's going to
2073280	2074980	really kind of short change your
2074980	2077240	mission as an artist and our goal
2077240	2078580	as an organization is to really
2079160	2080620	encourage and foster the
2081160	2082700	environment in college campuses
2082700	2084840	and hopefully on a larger scale
2084840	2086840	in the American public where
2086840	2088780	remixing and hacking
2088780	2090320	are video games and that kind of thing
2090320	2092520	is looked upon as
2092520	2094700	just the next step. It's just another tool
2094700	2096760	in the artist's kind of briefcase
2096760	2099720	of being in that kind of thing.
2100580	2103220	So, I guess I wanted to kind of
2103220	2104340	pimp
2104340	2106460	or talk about CCMixter
2106460	2108560	which is a kind of site that
2108560	2110460	Creative Commons is running.
2110460	2112460	If any of you are musicians or artists
2112460	2114240	or anybody who just likes to tinker with music
2115260	2116620	CCMixter is kind of a cool site
2116620	2118260	where you can go and set up an account
2118260	2120560	and download samples that are all CC-licensed
2120560	2122120	and you can do whatever you want with them
2122120	2124520	and put them back up and it's kind of like
2124740	2126460	a social networking. It's like the
2126460	2128820	Flickr but for music, I mean, hopefully.
2129420	2130580	The music I'm playing now
2130580	2132280	Let's Take It Back by Ashwan.
2132340	2134480	Ashwan's a great artist on there. He's done like tons of
2134480	2136840	tracks. His stuff's always awesome.
2137160	2138440	He made a track about the London
2138440	2140420	bombings maybe two or three hours
2140420	2142820	after they happened and uploaded it onto Mixter.
2142820	2143980	It's just a really great
2145260	2146260	little environment
2146260	2148120	where people can kind of
2148120	2150420	remix and not worry
2150420	2151960	about the copyright stuff.
2152180	2154440	That's one of the possible
2154440	2155520	alternatives.
2156160	2158320	Do you know what license he's using?
2158320	2159820	I think he primarily uses
2160700	2162280	non-commercial attribution
2162280	2164340	which means you can remix his stuff.
2164820	2166180	But in this case, if you're planning on
2166180	2167400	selling his music,
2167400	2170040	since you were here for the last presentation,
2170040	2173000	you're probably not okay to sell it.
2173000	2174780	So it's definitely a compromise.
2175400	2176480	It's a better
2176480	2177840	way because he gets to make
2177840	2179700	awesome music, put it online,
2179700	2182220	thousands of people, if not hundreds of
2182220	2184480	thousands of people download it every week
2184480	2186280	and it's kind of
2186280	2188200	the ideal that we want to
2188200	2189560	see happen on college campuses
2189560	2192220	is that people kind of sidestep these
2192220	2194440	problems with copyright for the
2194440	2196040	sake of creating a pool or participating
2196040	2198000	in a pool of culture that's much more
2198460	2199540	valuable and important
2200540	2202480	because it's less regulated.
2202540	2204160	And a lot of people have said, well,
2204160	2206400	more culture is not necessarily better
2206400	2208160	culture. And
2208640	2210480	of course we would advocate for everybody
2210480	2212460	to create their own works, but
2212460	2214360	it's true, not everything out there,
2214360	2216460	I mean there have been some internet phenomena
2216460	2218200	where you have some
2218980	2219860	Bulgarian guys
2219860	2222720	singing, has anybody seen this video?
2223440	2224020	Oh yeah,
2225740	2226540	it's this kid
2226540	2228700	singing, I guess
2228700	2230720	it's a
2232360	2233160	traditional Bulgarian
2233160	2234960	song or something, but it's been remixed into
2234960	2236700	techno, and it's just
2236700	2238640	kind of funny and sad and weird
2238640	2241000	at the same time. It just became an internet phenomenon
2241000	2243240	somehow, not that we're judging it.
2243240	2244840	It's up there with all your base as far as
2244840	2247200	I'm concerned, but the question is
2247200	2248980	whether or not that could happen. I mean, imagine
2248980	2250420	the poor kid got sued for making that video
2250420	2252780	when he was singing the techno remix
2252780	2254220	of a traditional song.
2254260	2256240	It's crazy. Our feeling is that
2256240	2258420	even though there might be more culture
2258420	2260260	out there with more Creative Commons licensing
2260260	2262400	and that kind of thing, the kind of
2262400	2264380	general way social networks work
2264380	2266480	and the internet works is that the best
2266480	2268220	stuff will kind of come to the top, and
2268220	2270560	CCMixter among other software packages
2270560	2272560	is really designed to encourage
2272560	2274420	people to participate and
2274420	2276380	comment and rate stuff,
2276380	2278200	and it's not just like this kind of
2278200	2280140	mass stuff that's kind of
2280140	2282380	unrated and unjustified.
2282420	2284320	You can trust your friends to recommend
2284320	2285640	that kind of thing.
2285920	2288200	This is Accufun who...
2288760	2290120	I think they also use
2291020	2292340	about 100 samples
2292340	2294260	per song. Essentially what they
2294260	2296480	do is they take really small snippets
2296480	2298200	of music and then
2298200	2300500	I'll make it louder...
2300500	2301560	mix it together
2303300	2304540	such to create
2304540	2306580	an entire song like this.
2306580	2308700	I do not know
2308700	2310640	the copyright status, but they did
2310640	2312280	clear the samples, but I'm thinking
2312280	2314680	because they're almost non-recognizable
2314680	2317060	they probably did not.
2322240	2323160	We also
2323160	2324660	have CC73
2327720	2329040	another artist using
2329140	2331100	a lot of samples, and I'd like
2331100	2333000	to say these are not mainstream artists, I mean
2333000	2335020	I don't know if you've heard of a lot of these
2335020	2336960	people, but they definitely
2336960	2339200	are getting attention in artistic circles.
2339560	2341000	And again, some people have
2341000	2342840	said, well, what if you want
2342840	2345200	all this culture to be mainstream?
2345200	2346480	I mean, isn't the point to be
2346480	2348820	underground? And if you're going
2348820	2351180	to be underground, you can still do things illegally.
2351760	2352600	But we feel that
2352600	2354840	there's a general chilling effect in society
2354840	2355800	that...
2355800	2359440	Like I was saying before, the idea that
2359980	2361100	the kind of bedroom
2361100	2362440	rocker is going to be
2362960	2364860	suppressed into not making music could be
2364860	2366200	the next John
2366760	2368560	Lennon or something. I mean, who knows
2368560	2370960	what could happen. I mean,
2370960	2372180	there's such
2373540	2374900	there's such propaganda coming
2374900	2376780	out of the content industry right now that
2376780	2379100	downloading music is illegal.
2379100	2380700	I mean, that's really the exact
2380700	2381920	text of their
2382540	2384720	you know, their losses. And if you go to CC
2384720	2386960	Mixer, you can download a lot of legal music.
2386960	2388560	As much legal music as you want.
2388560	2390780	I mean, it's endless, the amount of legal music that you
2390780	2392660	can download. So, our fear
2392660	2394560	as an organization is that there's
2394560	2396620	going to be this kind of atmosphere
2396620	2397640	of
2398820	2400280	actual fear that
2400280	2402720	you can't listen to music
2402720	2404540	that other people make
2404540	2406700	and that you can't remix it and you can't
2406700	2407840	reuse it. Just because
2409020	2410740	a corporation kind of has enough money
2410740	2412700	to send out these propaganda
2412700	2413400	campaigns
2414180	2415320	doesn't mean that
2416180	2418420	people shouldn't be kind of doing what their
2418420	2420660	artistic, you know,
2421580	2423240	sentiments would lead them to, you know.
2423240	2424860	And plus, there's a large distinction between
2424860	2426660	what was possible, say,
2426660	2428820	20, 30 years ago and what's going
2428820	2430880	on now. I mean, you know, a lot of you, I'm sure,
2430880	2432440	made mixtapes when you were younger.
2432820	2434760	Those are physical copies. You can only
2434760	2436660	distribute them to however many people you
2436660	2438460	make that copy for.
2438460	2440580	64 is the number of generations
2440580	2442720	that you can make a copy of an audio tape with
2442720	2444880	before it will be totally unlistenable.
2445000	2446840	But, it's totally different on the internet
2446840	2448740	as a copy is the
2448740	2450500	exact same thing as the original.
2451020	2452640	And some people may only intend to put something
2452640	2454660	up on their site for their friends and family, but
2454660	2456720	as we've seen with this Bulgarian
2456720	2458580	techno guy, I highly doubt he wanted, like, the whole
2458580	2460500	internet to see it. Things can be
2460500	2462000	disseminated very widely.
2462860	2464660	So, this kind of leads us
2464660	2465960	to the end of our presentation.
2466760	2468460	What do we want from
2468460	2470500	you guys? And, like, what are we
2470500	2472740	kind of talking about? What can you do to help
2472740	2474720	out? That kind of thing. I guess the number
2474720	2476600	one thing is to check out our website,
2476600	2478500	join our email list, start talking
2478500	2480680	to your friends. If you go to college, hey,
2480680	2482640	start a chapter. It's really not that hard. I did it this
2482640	2485160	year. Talk to some administration folk.
2485160	2486680	The people at your school want to see
2486680	2489020	you doing activities and that kind of thing.
2489020	2490640	They really don't think that hard
2490640	2492720	about the politics of your organization.
2492720	2494880	I mean, it depends what university you go to,
2494880	2497200	but more often than not,
2497200	2497940	you could be
2498600	2500700	talking about really radical
2500700	2502580	stuff and just still be
2502580	2504320	calling yourself some organization.
2504320	2505840	They'll give you money.
2506080	2507940	It's actually a really fun way to meet people
2507940	2510300	and start talking. The only way
2510300	2512080	we're really going to make a change is if we
2512080	2514260	kind of get enough momentum as an
2514260	2515520	organization ourselves
2516240	2518200	and kind of start doing
2518200	2520100	things, and that's with the help of you guys
2520100	2522260	and your ideas. I think you did
2522260	2524460	organize several events.
2524540	2526420	Yeah, I mean, I did a couple events.
2526560	2528380	We downloaded movies from thearchives.org
2528380	2530140	and had movie screening sessions. That's just
2530140	2531980	one idea. I know the guys at
2531980	2534120	Swarthmore did a whole remix of The Night of the Living
2534120	2536360	Dead, where it was kind of a film festival.
2536360	2538160	They did some really neat stuff with that.
2538440	2540160	I'm planning in the fall to bug
2540160	2541980	my non-graduated
2541980	2543980	friends at NYU to start a
2544540	2546060	Creative Commons kind of art show.
2546060	2548340	I mean, there's lots of stuff you can kind of come up
2548340	2550960	with and ideas. Did you bring rock star speakers as well?
2550960	2551980	No, we didn't get a chance to.
2551980	2554180	Some other chapters have also brought in speakers
2554180	2556380	on topics such as... Just get panels to your school.
2556380	2558360	Get people talking. I mean, there's
2558360	2560020	kind of a whole great
2560960	2562260	opportunity in college
2562260	2564160	to get political and active.
2564160	2565820	And the movement, the
2565820	2568080	copy left movement, and the free culture
2568080	2569740	movement has yet to really
2570840	2571920	totally solidify.
2571920	2573920	So there's a lot of opportunity for people who
2573920	2576040	might not otherwise be involved
2576040	2578060	with progressive ideas and that
2578060	2580040	kind of thing to get involved. And they don't
2580040	2582040	have to say that they wouldn't vote for
2582040	2583920	Bush. I mean, they don't have to say that they'll vote for
2583920	2586160	Kerry. Right now, it's just like
2586160	2588520	we want more sensible copyright laws.
2588520	2590380	And I think people across all party lines
2590380	2592540	can agree on that issue. I mean, I don't think it's
2592540	2594440	solely restricted to one side or another
2594440	2596540	of the political spectrum. One of the really big things
2596540	2598400	that Lawrence Lessig stresses in his book,
2598400	2600540	Free Culture, is that he advocates
2601400	2602520	a common sense approach
2602520	2604540	to copyright. And more often than not,
2604540	2606580	when there's a lawsuit involving
2606860	2608520	a teenager or a college student
2608520	2610560	in copyright, common sense is
2610560	2612720	really kind of thrown to the wayside.
2612720	2614260	And it doesn't really take a political
2614260	2616500	affiliation to realize that a lot of things
2616500	2618500	that are going on with copyright lawsuits
2618500	2620600	are destructive and
2621460	2622580	cruel.
2624160	2624880	So,
2625940	2626640	yeah,
2626640	2628660	one more thing before we close. I'm selling
2628660	2630280	this t-shirt at the
2630280	2632600	EFF booth, so if you'd like one...
2632600	2634120	Come support us. Support EFF.
2634140	2636560	Support EFF and support Free Culture.
2636560	2638740	Go purchase one. We have mediums
2638740	2640340	and larges. So,
2640340	2642260	after that, I guess we can take questions
2642260	2644240	or we'll talk to anybody who's interested
2644240	2645640	in helping out.
2645680	2646440	Yes?
2675700	2676830	Well, I think we
2677180	2678880	did make the point that we do believe
2678880	2679840	I mean, what...
2679840	2682600	What is the question? I'm sorry.
2683620	2685020	It was a comment.
2685140	2685840	Okay.
2688340	2689340	Right.
2694830	2695890	Well, I think
2695890	2696990	Western music...
2696990	2699190	The comment's talking about how...
2699190	2700970	I'm repeating the
2700970	2702230	comment.
2702230	2703890	The idea is that
2703890	2706150	music that we've been listening to the last
2706150	2708410	50 years is really just a synthesis
2708410	2710190	of a couple kind of
2710190	2712290	big... small paradigms that started
2712290	2714350	off. And not even paradigms,
2714350	2715950	but exact notes and
2715950	2718310	pieces of music. I mean, how many rock
2718310	2720210	songs from the Strokes to the Rolling
2720210	2722170	Stones have the 12-bar
2722170	2724970	blues or some variation thereof inside?
2727850	2730330	Right. And it seems now that we have
2730330	2731950	this great kind of opportunity to...
2731950	2734130	He said it was triggered by electronics and technology.
2734130	2735870	Oh, I'm sorry. I totally...
2735870	2738210	Anyway, we have this great opportunity now to push that even
2738210	2739570	farther and
2740510	2742330	take the technology and
2742330	2743970	make remixes to
2743970	2746250	really extravagant
2746250	2747490	lengths. And
2748590	2750390	the fear... you know, we're afraid
2750390	2752230	that that's going to kind of get clamped down on
2752230	2754330	by a lot of people who
2754330	2756390	kind of are living with the idea
2756390	2758490	that records and CD sales
2758490	2760410	are it to the bottom
2760410	2761970	line of culture. And
2763150	2764430	we don't feel that's the case.
2764430	2766210	Actually, could I ask a question? Were you saying that we were
2766210	2768310	under-emphasizing this point? Was that
2768310	2769570	the issue?
2782220	2783220	Well, yeah.
2784340	2784980	You're saying,
2784980	2786720	yeah, it's starting to happen with movies. You'll have
2786720	2788260	digital video cameras.
2795020	2795620	The comment
2795620	2797320	was, what is happening with music
2797320	2799480	in the last 50 years is now happening with video.
2801440	2802100	And I think
2802100	2803980	we acknowledge that. And frankly, I don't think our
2803980	2806180	organization would exist or would have existed
2806820	2808020	20 or 30 years ago
2808020	2810180	because it is the technology here that has enabled
2810700	2812140	all this production. And now
2812140	2814060	somebody can buy a digital video camera for
2814780	2816140	a couple hundred dollars. It's not going to be the
2816140	2818200	best one, but it is
2818200	2820440	enabling creation on a
2820440	2822340	grassroots level.
2822340	2824180	That is definitely something we are supporting.
2824180	2827040	We're kind of running out of time, so if anybody has any other
2825480	2827480	quick comments...
2827040	2828440	Yeah, back there.
2830500	2831140	Yeah,
2831140	2833120	we're big fans of Downhill Battle, or at
2833120	2835040	least I am. They've been doing some really
2835040	2836900	great stuff. They're coming out with some really
2836900	2838980	kind of cutting-edge
2838980	2840960	software that's going to let people share media
2840960	2843240	and push the limits
2843240	2844980	of remix culture.
2845400	2847100	And I'm very excited to see
2847100	2848920	what they kind of come out with. So,
2848920	2851120	yeah, check out our website, then check out Downhill Battle.
2851180	2852960	They're friends of ours. We actually have some
2852960	2855180	shirts for sale. Yeah, contact us if you
2855180	2857180	want some... Downhill Battle shirts that look kind
2857180	2858920	of like the DEF CON logo, as you can see.
2858920	2860040	She'll model it.
2861180	2863140	Home taping is killing the
2863140	2865820	music industry. Not the case.
2866240	2867300	It's ironic,
2867300	2867860	yes.
2867860	2871420	Right,
2871420	2873440	that was a real serious campaign back in the 80s
2873440	2874880	from what I understand, and
2875540	2877020	I think we've seen that it
2877020	2879280	back then did not kill the music industry.
2879280	2881460	In fact, people heard songs on mixtapes
2881460	2883300	and then went out and bought things
2883300	2885280	and found out about new artists that their friends
2885280	2886360	were telling them about.
2887000	2889400	So, if you guys go to college or want to get involved,
2889400	2891340	please contact us, talk to us right
2891340	2893340	afterwards. We'd love to hear from you. Or just about the general
2893340	2895400	issues. We'd always love to hear your comments.
2895640	2897100	It kind of starts from you guys
2897100	2899680	and us, so we've got to start somewhere.
2900140	2900960	So, thanks.
2900960	2902800	Thank you so much for coming to hear us.
2902800	2903260	Yeah.