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5820	11190	So I'm often asked, why don't we have more artificial intelligence in the Air Force than we do today?
11190	13950	Something I'm working very hard to change.
14110	18490	Well, one is it's really hard to certify something that changes all the time.
18490	23790	But what isn't well understood in the Pentagon, and I find through the country as a whole,
23790	28750	is that artificial intelligence is very fragile in the face of an adversary.
28750	30610	It's very easy to beat.
30610	36890	And so we need to get into the game more and bring the DEFCON and the hacker community into our world
36890	43130	and give them opportunities to start beating AI ahead of those opportunities being available commercially.
43130	47510	So that's where I'd like to see us go, is into algorithmic defeat.
47510	50670	Because that's the next generation of warfare.
50670	56390	And the earlier we can determine how to make it safe and secure, the better off everyone's going to be.
57150	61770	So I think you'll find that we're good listeners.
61890	68010	So we have ideas. We just talked about AI and potential issues with that.
68010	70130	We're talking about satellites now.
70130	72330	But we're curious what you think.
72330	79970	What are things, whether design flaws we should be thinking about, which can be really portable,
79970	84630	or other types of exploits that might not be on our radar.
84630	87630	So we'd love to just hear your thoughts.
87630	89110	We're going to listen.
89950	92730	And tell us things we don't know.
92730	96290	Or tell us about challenges which are really hard.
96290	100790	Like, a year ago, hacking a satellite felt pretty hard.
100790	102190	But we're there now.
102190	108930	What is a really hard one that you're thinking about, that we can challenge ourselves for, for next year?
109050	112070	Why did you pick Steve Carell for Space Force?
114530	119650	Well, you... I mean, you have to love Steve Carell, right?
119650	122110	I mean, I'm such a huge Office fan.
122110	126450	And so, when that came out, I thought, you know, money just because of that.
126570	130210	But, on the whole, when I get to talk Space Force,
130210	139470	beyond the hype and, you know, the glitz that the public media often shine on it,
139470	142110	it gets really simple to explain.
142150	146890	That, you know, do you think that adversaries will try to take on the military in space,
146890	152370	given we have a ton of communications and navigation satellites?
152510	158110	Satellites of all kinds, whose data we pump to the systems we take into a fight.
158110	160670	Everyone says, well, yeah, of course, no duh.
160970	165990	Well, if we think adversaries are going to challenge us there, then we've got to be ready there.
165990	172270	But fighting in space is going to be really different than fighting in the air, on the sea, or under it.
172310	179250	You know, it's a domain that's governed almost entirely by physics in a way that makes it predictable.
179330	185070	We know where satellites are going to be minute by minute, second by second, on forever, ad infinitum,
185070	187450	unless we decide to move them.
187470	193510	But moving satellites using that precious propellant, that's a big choice in space.
193510	196710	Because there are no gas stations, no place to fill up.
196710	198830	So it is a very different domain.
198830	204810	And we're just here talking about low-Earth orbit constellations, those that are very near the Earth,
204810	208470	that are moving around at 7 kilometers a second.
208470	215710	But GPS satellites are much further out, in what are medium-altitude orbits.
215710	221330	And satellites that do communication and detection are all the way out in geosynchronous orbit.
221330	225030	And though they're moving really fast relative to the Earth, they're not.
225030	226370	They're stationary overhead.
226370	233330	Every one of these is a very different domain governed by apparently different physics.
233390	238690	And that's why we've got men and women getting ready, who are thinking about warfare in space,
238690	241950	and they've got a clean sheet of paper in their hands.
241950	246050	How do we fight in this domain where things are very predictable?
246150	249050	And you can guess what answers are coming to the forefront.
249050	251230	We're going to have to rely on autonomy.
251270	256950	And that means the software that we put is going to be so important to whether we win or lose.
257030	258690	But then that brings you in.
258750	264890	If our software is going to be the cutting edge, and the autonomy it runs on is going to be how we win,
264890	266470	then how do we make it secure?
267210	274770	So I think we went through this period where, at least we as a society, didn't talk a lot about space.
274770	279330	And I'm happy to see that change.
279330	283970	Will talked about all the critical things about space.
283970	287030	Timing, ATMs, GPS, all of these different things.
287030	288890	And that is super critical.
288930	295750	But I guess I bring out my inner kid now, where a couple months ago I sat down,
295750	299810	I have three little kids, and we watched a SpaceX launch.
299810	305590	And there was an excitement there that I feel it's been a long time.
307230	310390	It's been missing from society for a bit.
310390	314090	There's something aspirational, inspirational about it.
314090	320450	And seeing the launch, seeing the landing, talking about space, thinking about the importance of it,
320450	325710	and all the critical things that it does, it excites me for the future.
326350	329290	So I'm excited that we're talking about space.
329290	331850	I still would like to go to space.
331850	337070	I don't think, Will, you've gotten your transporter done.
337210	345550	But with all that being said, I'm really also, until you actually take me to space, I look forward to helping protect space.
345990	347130	Sounds good, Brett.
347130	354190	And aside from just watching SpaceX, just the other day we watched Perseverance and Ingenuity head up.
354190	358190	And so we're really, really excited about the enthusiasm in space.
358190	364330	And Space Force gets to provide most of the rocketry that the entire government and commercial industry uses.
364330	367170	So it's going to be a little while until we beam you to space,
367170	371390	but we've got some excellent works and rockets that can help push you there.
371550	375090	Do you think I could do that training thing in a couple weeks?
375530	376670	Just bang it out?
376770	380970	Let's talk about that next time on Between Two Nerds.
380970	382350	Thanks for coming.
383190	384150	Okay.
401820	408740	So we're really easy. We're on the Twitters. At least I'm on the Twitters. Are you on the Twitters?
408740	413800	I promised Brett that for DEFCON, I would send out my first tweet.
413800	416900	So I'm really looking forward to seeing Will on the Twitters.
416900	428040	Will and I will be in the VRs during DEFCON. You can find us there. We'll be on Twitch. We'll be all over.
428040	432000	And we'll make sure that we leave a link on our HackASAT site.
432000	439900	If you are interested in finding out more about participating in future hacking events with the Air Force or DDS,
439900	444000	we will leave a place for you to find us, for us to contact you.
444000	446440	And we also want to hear your suggestions.
446440	454620	And when COVID is done, if you're in D.C., come to the Pentagon. We'd love to hear your ideas.
463410	466210	So can zombies swim?
466990	475470	I don't know, Brett. I think it probably depends on what movie we're in and whether they knew how to swim before they were zombified.
475650	481750	So I intentionally moved to an island where part of my intent was being zombie safe.
481750	483070	How deep's the water?
483070	484310	Pretty deep.
484310	486030	Did you see World War Z?
486030	486710	I did.
486710	488030	Is it that deep?
489170	491210	It might not be deep enough.
491210	492890	You might need a better island.
493530	494310	Okay.