WEBVTT 02:20.840 --> 02:22.820 Okay, it's time for the demo. 02:23.280 --> 02:26.320 KG7OOW here with the Ham Radio Village. 02:26.320 --> 02:34.800 Let's get going on APRS and a quick walk around on usage of every aspect. 02:34.800 --> 02:36.900 So, let's get going. 02:39.020 --> 02:49.900 So, APRS, the Automatic Packet Reporting System, is based on the AX25 protocol from the 1980s. 02:49.900 --> 02:51.040 Pretty old. 02:51.140 --> 02:55.520 Another slang term for this protocol you may have heard is packet. 02:55.820 --> 02:59.860 Packet is basically another use of this. 02:59.860 --> 03:08.660 We're going to dive into more of the APRS route of this and some of the basic usage. 03:08.660 --> 03:13.080 So, we'll go from the APRS website, how to see APRS. 03:13.080 --> 03:16.000 You won't need a license to do this. 03:16.000 --> 03:22.680 We are going to go to the end user, someone transmitting APRS from a handheld mobile. 03:22.680 --> 03:37.180 And we'll also take a look at a DigiPeter, vital parts of the APRS network that get your message to other DigiPeters or to an iGate out on the internet to be posted online. 03:37.180 --> 03:41.700 So, let's first take a look at where I go. 03:41.700 --> 03:46.760 This is where you are going to see APRS traffic live for your area. 03:46.760 --> 03:48.620 There's two main websites. 03:48.620 --> 03:51.180 Let's dive into the first one. 03:53.750 --> 03:57.410 So, this is aprs.fi. 03:57.850 --> 04:05.130 For those of you who haven't been here, it's a great resource to see live APRS traffic. 04:05.130 --> 04:07.190 We'll zoom out here. 04:07.370 --> 04:16.510 Let's go to the Las Vegas area, Defcon Central here, and see what's going on. 04:16.750 --> 04:22.510 So, when you come to the site, it'll first probably throw you somewhere in Finland. 04:22.670 --> 04:25.750 You'll have to navigate to where you want to go. 04:26.050 --> 04:30.190 The right hand side will let you select how much traffic you want to see. 04:30.190 --> 04:32.450 Do you want to see traffic for the last hour? 04:32.650 --> 04:36.950 Do you want to see the last traffic for the last day there? 04:37.170 --> 04:39.930 So, plenty of information to see. 04:39.930 --> 04:42.870 We're mainly going to focus on the map here though. 04:42.870 --> 04:46.290 So, here's the Vegas metro area. 04:46.290 --> 04:48.550 There's all these icons about. 04:48.930 --> 04:54.350 We got, looks like an RV icon down here in the middle. 04:55.050 --> 04:57.610 Driving around is RV. 04:57.690 --> 05:00.210 Broadcasting APRS packets. 05:00.210 --> 05:02.930 We have weather stations. 05:04.050 --> 05:11.630 We have other objects on the map, such as DSTAR repeaters and things like that. 05:11.670 --> 05:14.550 Like N7ARR over here. 05:15.810 --> 05:18.630 Zoom is not working great on the video. 05:18.630 --> 05:21.450 We'll get some more details later there. 05:21.450 --> 05:24.690 And then, here we are outside of Vegas. 05:24.690 --> 05:27.250 My favorite mountain, Mount Potosi. 05:27.250 --> 05:33.910 This is home to the Vegas DigiPeter and EyeGate. 05:33.930 --> 05:38.370 So, it's definitely really cool to see all this on a map. 05:38.370 --> 05:42.310 And again, you don't have to be licensed to view this map. 05:42.350 --> 05:45.710 It's definitely a great resource. 05:46.150 --> 05:54.770 So, this is what I go to when I am looking for who's coming through my area. 05:55.170 --> 05:56.890 What are they doing? 05:56.890 --> 06:00.690 Are they listening on a frequency that I might want to talk to them on? 06:02.810 --> 06:04.870 Mainly for vehicles here. 06:05.350 --> 06:10.490 But, if we pan out into the desert, a lot of the times you'll see planes. 06:10.570 --> 06:16.170 You'll also see weather balloons and other things like that going across the map. 06:16.170 --> 06:18.990 So, definitely keep an eye out for those. 06:20.450 --> 06:25.970 Let's perchance see if there's any weather balloons or anything going across right now. 06:25.970 --> 06:28.490 I do not see anything up. 06:29.150 --> 06:34.630 They typically do launch every couple weekends though out here in the West Desert. 06:34.630 --> 06:38.370 So, definitely something to keep an eye out on. 06:41.110 --> 06:45.090 Okay, let's look into detail on some traffic. 06:45.090 --> 06:50.750 What are these users... what are these objects sending to the APRS network? 06:50.950 --> 06:55.380 So, here's a car out in the West Desert going just past... 06:58.450 --> 07:01.150 let's see... just past the test site over there. 07:01.550 --> 07:07.550 We have K6VFA and he is cruising along the highway. 07:07.550 --> 07:10.410 We can see the time stamp of the data. 07:10.410 --> 07:22.500 We can see his heading, his speed, his altitude, any GPS metadata that that radio is capable of putting out. 07:22.500 --> 07:32.160 He has a little message, MikeENroute, and he is repeated by the Vegas Mount Potosi repeater. 07:32.260 --> 07:44.380 If we zoom out here, we'll know... we can kind of visualize how his packets are getting to the internet map here. 07:44.380 --> 07:45.620 Oh, come on. 07:46.680 --> 07:48.600 It is not wanting to clear. 07:48.660 --> 07:54.000 So, if you hover over an object... oh, come on. 07:55.720 --> 07:58.780 It is not wanting to work for me here. 07:59.240 --> 08:00.620 There we go. 08:00.620 --> 08:04.020 Let's get out here. 08:04.020 --> 08:05.720 Okay, see? 08:05.720 --> 08:08.120 So, I'm hovering over his icon there. 08:08.120 --> 08:20.360 You can see it's going through the Vegas DigiPeter up on Mount Potosi down in the bottom middle there and looks like it's going to another eye gate. 08:20.520 --> 08:23.360 Maybe the eye gate there at Potosi is down. 08:23.580 --> 08:28.260 So, these eye gates that it's going to transmit to can be hundreds of miles away. 08:28.260 --> 08:31.140 Looks like that's down in the San Bernardino Valley. 08:31.460 --> 08:37.020 So, that's a pretty crazy run for some APRS traffic. 08:37.980 --> 08:45.260 And when you get to things like weather balloons, you'll have hundreds of stations picking those up directly. 08:45.260 --> 08:49.980 But the first station that picks it up is the one that gets to report it to the system. 08:51.440 --> 09:02.940 So, another really cool map to hit up when you're looking for some APRS action is APRS Direct. 09:02.940 --> 09:11.840 It's more of a high-end web 2.0 type interface. 09:11.840 --> 09:13.300 It's got live updates. 09:13.300 --> 09:15.300 The icons will update live. 09:15.300 --> 09:21.140 You'll be able to see pings on the map when things happen as they're happening. 09:21.140 --> 09:24.540 So, sometimes it's a little easier to see things here. 09:24.540 --> 09:31.480 This is kind of a newcomer to APRS maps, which is great. 09:31.520 --> 09:39.200 Here, let me throw a link there in chat for you guys, what I'm going through. 09:39.900 --> 09:47.960 So, this map, very similar to the last map, it's just a little more interactive. 09:48.360 --> 09:51.520 We got the same amount of data. 09:51.520 --> 09:56.720 You can see hops that these packets are going through. 09:56.720 --> 09:58.180 You can click on an object. 09:58.180 --> 10:02.700 There's our same guy we're going to be picking on here, K6VFA. 10:02.860 --> 10:05.700 He is cruising along. 10:05.700 --> 10:07.120 There's his same path. 10:07.120 --> 10:12.820 He's being reported through Vegas. 10:13.780 --> 10:18.360 And his timestamp, same information, bearing, heading, things like that. 10:19.340 --> 10:26.260 So, this is just a really cool, very awesome way to see what's going on with the APRS network. 10:26.260 --> 10:30.900 Now, how do you get traffic to the APRS network? 10:30.900 --> 10:54.120 So, this traffic, including weather stations, handheld radios, mobile radios that are APRS capable, or anything else you can think of, they all require a modem-enabled device or just a fully integrated APRS device to get out there. 10:54.120 --> 10:59.260 One of the easiest ways to get into it is with an integrated radio. 10:59.260 --> 11:08.180 So, let's look at my handy Kenwood THD72. 11:09.140 --> 11:11.470 It's a great... here we go... 11:13.670 --> 11:15.800 It's a great little radio. 11:15.800 --> 11:16.960 Not really little. 11:16.960 --> 11:18.660 It's a little bulky. 11:19.540 --> 11:27.720 Needs to go on a little diet there, but it's an all-in-one solution to get your packets out to the APRS network. 11:27.760 --> 11:35.360 This particular handheld can be used with the built-in GPS with the antenna on the top there. 11:35.380 --> 11:45.260 It can also be connected with a cable to a weather station or other KISS-enabled device. 11:45.260 --> 11:51.560 So, it's very cool, very fun to hear APRS going on. 11:52.420 --> 11:59.400 So, it looks like someone's keyed up on APRS, but sounds like voice data. 11:59.400 --> 12:01.160 Someone's got a hot mic. 12:01.160 --> 12:13.760 So, the APRS frequency you're going to want to dial to on your all-in-one inclusive device is 144.390 in North America. 12:13.960 --> 12:30.680 I haven't gone through APRS on any other countries, so I'm not 100% sure if they're throwing other frequencies around for other regions, but definitely 144.390 for North America. 12:30.720 --> 12:37.000 Now, tuning into this frequency, you're going to hear the raw APRS packets. 12:37.000 --> 12:45.820 They are going to sound very much like an old classic modem. 12:45.820 --> 12:56.980 I don't know... it sounds like I'm getting some interference or someone's hot micing 3.9.0 for me, so I'm not going to be able to decode anything. 12:59.000 --> 13:00.760 Yep, just static. 13:00.760 --> 13:24.260 So, I'm thinking I got some interference, but with this handheld, I can beacon directly just by hitting beacon here, and it will manually beacon my location based on the GPS to the APRS network. 13:24.260 --> 13:41.660 I'm inside, so my GPS likely is not going to get my coordinates and without proper coordinates, I don't think it will show up, but just in case, let's go look for KG7OOW. 13:41.660 --> 13:46.860 I am not showing up, so there's definitely some traffic around, though. 13:47.760 --> 13:53.300 So, with a handheld like this, we get to configure it. 13:53.300 --> 13:59.100 So, out of the box, need to configure your handheld with typically just your call sign. 13:59.100 --> 14:05.740 So, I just go to the menu, hit up APRS, and it typically just needs your call sign. 14:05.780 --> 14:07.940 So, you throw your call sign in there. 14:07.940 --> 14:09.380 Oh, there we go. 14:10.140 --> 14:18.480 You'll typically just throw your call sign in, maybe a SSID at the end. 14:18.480 --> 14:20.440 See that dash nine at the tail end there? 14:20.440 --> 14:28.660 You can do that if you have multiple radios or if you want to have a specific ID for that radio. 14:29.720 --> 14:34.680 And then you'll basically just need to tell it how to beacon. 14:35.040 --> 14:40.220 So, on this handy can book, we got... here we go... 14:44.720 --> 14:45.980 where is it going? 14:45.980 --> 14:48.800 You can set your position manually and you have beacon. 14:48.980 --> 14:51.960 So, this is how it's going to beacon your information. 14:52.120 --> 15:07.080 Typically, on a handheld like this, you can set it to beacon on an interval, or you can have it beacon using what's called smart beaconing, and that will automatically beacon you based on your speed and your heading. 15:07.080 --> 15:16.120 So, if you take a turn , you change speeds, it's going to broadcast your APRS data accordingly. 15:16.120 --> 15:17.440 So, it's really cool. 15:17.440 --> 15:22.620 Little handhelds are great, but definitely on the pricey end. 15:22.660 --> 15:33.320 So, this Kenwood THD72, had to look that up there, is... I think I got this around 500 bucks, so it's definitely pricey. 15:33.700 --> 15:38.920 It's definitely capable, but there's other options out there. 15:38.920 --> 15:46.960 So, let me slide this over and give kind of a cheaper option. 15:46.960 --> 15:51.480 So, one other cool option is a standalone unit. 15:51.480 --> 15:57.740 I got this handy AVRT5 from Amazing AliExpress. 15:58.720 --> 16:01.860 These little things, all inclusive. 16:01.860 --> 16:10.520 It's only one watt of power, but you'd be surprised how far you can get out with APRS on one watt of power. 16:11.240 --> 16:21.220 This handheld, this Kenwood, I've gone probably 150 miles, is pure line of sight. 16:21.220 --> 16:24.980 So, this was definitely to a mountaintop digipeter. 16:24.980 --> 16:30.260 I was out in the Nevada desert and was able to get to a digipeter in central Utah. 16:30.260 --> 16:31.900 So, that was really cool. 16:32.920 --> 16:43.300 But this little one watt Chinese, kind of hard to configure radio, is actually pretty handy. 16:43.300 --> 16:52.520 I got hands here that will either throw, just leave it alone, or throw a linear amp on it and get a little bit more distance out of it. 16:52.520 --> 17:00.420 But definitely something you can throw into your backpack, hiking, on your bike, in your pocket. 17:00.420 --> 17:02.400 So, it's very cool. 17:02.400 --> 17:07.760 Very, very nice little slim device here. 17:09.700 --> 17:21.420 Another option when you're picking end-user APRS equipment is definitely an app called APRS Droid for Android. 17:21.720 --> 17:32.360 So, APRS Droid, I haven't gotten to work on the latest version of Android, but most ham software, you're going to expect that. 17:32.360 --> 17:44.840 You can get little, this is called a micro-linked TNC, and it's just a little 3D printed case with basically a Arduino Nano inside. 17:44.880 --> 17:56.400 And it connects via a little 3.5 millimeter jack there to an adapter cable to your radio of choice. 17:56.400 --> 18:03.520 So, it can be paired with a Baofeng, it can be paired with another radio, anything you want. 18:03.520 --> 18:08.420 And it connects via Bluetooth to your phone. 18:08.920 --> 18:29.340 So, your phone will be running the APRS Droid app, and very much like the handheld Kenwood, you get to put in your call sign, you can put in icons that you want to put, and any messages that you want to put as your beacon. 18:29.940 --> 18:36.960 Another really cool feature about APRS is not just GPS location, but messaging. 18:36.960 --> 18:44.820 So, on my little Kenwood handheld here, I can send messages by, you know, using the keypad. 18:45.460 --> 18:53.700 Pretty old school, kind of like how you used to have to text back in the day, with the touch pad there. 18:53.700 --> 19:07.080 But the advantage of this cool little micro-linked TNC with your APRS Droid enabled phone, you can just use your Android phone, type the message and get it sent. 19:07.080 --> 19:20.200 So, it's much easier to use this paired with a phone and a radio than to just use the radio if you're going to go the messaging route. 19:20.200 --> 19:23.840 So, definitely something really cool. 19:23.840 --> 19:35.800 There's just, I always look on AliExpress or Amazon for new APRS devices, and there's just, every once in a while they'll come out with something really cool. 19:36.940 --> 19:59.700 So, that gets us around the end user devices, handhelds, other dedicated units from China that may or may not have reporting capabilities for the government there, to mobile-linked TNCs with your Android phone. 20:00.260 --> 20:15.400 But there's another piece to this puzzle, and that's the stations that actually get that data, the packets that these devices put out to other DigiPeters and eventually to the internet. 20:15.400 --> 20:19.140 And that's where a DigiPeter comes in. 20:19.660 --> 20:23.840 So, this is a basic DigiPeter setup. 20:23.920 --> 20:46.380 I got these all over the state here in Utah, and we have definitely increased the... here, let me zoom out here and we'll see if we can... okay, we have definitely increased the APRS coverage in my region and hoping to expand into other parts of Utah. 20:49.080 --> 20:55.340 So, this whole setup consists of a 2-meter radio. 20:55.340 --> 20:58.840 This particular radio is just one I got off a surplus. 20:58.840 --> 21:14.060 It's an EF Johnson RS-5300 here, and all you need is a 2-meter radio that has connections on it for push-to-talk and for the audio mic and speaker. 21:14.060 --> 21:23.100 Most radios you see out there will have this either through the front port jack here or with a dongle or connection in the back. 21:23.100 --> 21:25.520 This one just happens to be done with a DB... 21:27.140 --> 21:30.920 what, 15 connector on the back, DB9. 21:31.680 --> 21:43.960 And this just plugs in and gives me the breakout for audio, push-to-talk, and that's all we need on the radio side. 21:44.440 --> 21:46.680 So, a 2-meter radio. 21:47.220 --> 21:48.660 It can also be a handheld . 21:48.660 --> 21:55.500 I've seen people use bow fangs for this, so definitely something that can be done a little cheaper. 21:55.820 --> 21:58.320 But this is a nice surplus radio. 21:58.320 --> 22:05.980 I got it for about $35-$40, so not too bad, not too shabby. 22:06.020 --> 22:13.700 So this radio needs to hook up to a device that can decode these APRS packets. 22:13.780 --> 22:24.640 To do this decode, I interface my Raspberry Pi with a EasyDigi. 22:24.640 --> 22:30.480 These are available on eBay and it comes in a little kit. 22:30.480 --> 22:35.220 You have to solder it together, just a little more part of the adventure. 22:35.380 --> 22:47.780 All you really have to do is solder two leads for the audio and the connections to your radio for push-to-talk, things like that. 22:48.380 --> 22:54.460 So in this particular setup, I am using the GPIO for push-to-talk. 22:54.500 --> 22:59.960 You can also just use VOX if you're using a handheld radio or bow fang. 22:59.960 --> 23:11.100 This particular 2-meter mobile radio is not capable of VOX, so I definitely have to manually trigger push-to-talk, and that's where GPIO on the Raspberry Pi comes in. 23:11.620 --> 23:15.420 So radio goes to your EasyDigi. 23:15.540 --> 23:19.200 The EasyDigi is basically just an isolation. 23:19.200 --> 23:21.340 You actually don't need the EasyDigi. 23:21.340 --> 23:22.940 You can wire things directly. 23:22.940 --> 23:25.460 It's just safer. 23:25.460 --> 23:38.360 You're not going to ruin your Pi with its low GPIO voltage, and you're not going to screw up your radio, and you'll also get cleaner audio. 23:38.360 --> 23:41.800 So definitely go with the EasyDigi. 23:42.260 --> 23:59.160 On the Raspberry Pi, it's fitted... since it only has a speaker output, I wish they made this a four-pole connector with a mic input, but hey, you can always go to another Pi variant like the Banana Cream Pi or something for that. 23:59.180 --> 24:09.800 I just fit my $35 Raspberry Pi with a $4 or $5 USB audio card. 24:09.880 --> 24:12.280 So you can grab these on Amazon. 24:12.280 --> 24:16.640 I'll put a link in a little write-up when we post this video. 24:16.940 --> 24:27.440 But you just take your microphone, plug it in, and your speaker for your radio. 24:27.620 --> 24:37.460 Plug it in there, get it in the Pi, and you're good to go on the hardware side, I guess, other than the GPIO. 24:37.460 --> 24:41.480 So GPIO is another step in the setup. 24:42.440 --> 24:52.780 The GPIO portion, as well as the software portion, is covered in the documentation of the software I use, we'll get into that right now. 25:00.640 --> 25:03.860 Let's go to the good old browser view here. 25:03.880 --> 25:12.960 So my choice of APRS software for my Raspberry Pi or any other system is called Direwolf. 25:13.620 --> 25:16.660 So we'll hit up Direwolf. 25:17.080 --> 25:19.500 I'm just going to use Google here. 25:19.500 --> 25:24.100 They have a great set of documentation on GitHub. 25:24.120 --> 25:34.180 You can go through any doc on here, but the main thing you need to do is go for the documentation on your system. 25:34.560 --> 25:45.240 So they have documentation for Linux, they have documentation for Windows, and they have specific documentation for the Raspberry Pi. 25:47.620 --> 25:50.080 So let me look here. 25:50.080 --> 25:58.480 So yeah, I'm just going to scroll down here just to make sure I'm speaking the truth here. 25:58.480 --> 26:00.820 But there we go. 26:00.980 --> 26:03.080 Raspberry Pi for ham radio. 26:03.080 --> 26:11.360 So Direwolf is going to be built on top of your Raspberry Pi. 26:11.360 --> 26:14.160 So you need to install distro. 26:14.160 --> 26:17.080 I just use Raspbian for my Raspberry Pi. 26:17.080 --> 26:31.480 Get that installed on your Raspberry Pi and then use the instructions from GitHub here, the documentation repo, to build it for your system. 26:31.720 --> 26:39.400 Mostly it is literally just downloading the source and then compiling it. 26:39.400 --> 26:46.440 Once you've compiled it, you can start right out and get it running. 26:46.600 --> 26:56.860 So let's go to console and see what Direwolf gives us on the Raspberry Pi. 26:56.860 --> 27:02.780 What kind of information, what does it look like when you're actually using Direwolf on a Raspberry Pi. 27:02.780 --> 27:13.600 I'll go and I'll probably post maybe some quick dirty instructions for actually building a Direwolf kit on the website hamvillage.org. 27:13.600 --> 27:16.740 But for now let's go cut to the end results. 27:16.740 --> 27:23.480 I think I'm pretty low on time here and we'll go to the console here. 27:26.340 --> 27:36.520 So this is what a typical putty installation, well not putty, this is what a typical terminal of Direwolf will read out once you're up and running. 27:36.660 --> 27:46.940 You'll see traffic coming across from mobiles, handheld units, and in my area definitely a lot of weather stations. 27:49.120 --> 27:52.920 So there's a plethora of information here. 27:54.540 --> 28:01.500 And we can pick, let's see, let's pick this latest one that came in. 28:02.260 --> 28:07.320 So this was an iGate transmit looks like. 28:13.860 --> 28:16.500 Okay that was just for that node. 28:16.500 --> 28:21.040 So let's go to this one AJ6KW. 28:21.320 --> 28:32.940 So AJ6KW with a destination of APTT 4 came in with this path and looks like some GPS coordinates. 28:33.560 --> 28:38.020 So he came in with some GPS coordinates positioned with time. 28:38.280 --> 28:52.100 He is using a tiny track so that's one of those cool little all-in-one devices and it's spitting out his coordinates, course, and any other information. 28:53.840 --> 29:00.720 It's really cool just to see how much traffic you're going to get on these systems and the console. 29:01.540 --> 29:03.560 Let's see here's another one coming in. 29:03.560 --> 29:13.400 Looks like a jeep on a mobile unit coming in here with some coordinates, course, altitude, and he's monitoring on 146520. 29:13.400 --> 29:25.180 So looks like Keith and I can hit him up on that frequency, give him a chat, and that's just really cool. 29:25.720 --> 29:30.640 The terminal here isn't necessarily the place you're going to stalk people on APRS. 29:30.640 --> 29:52.700 Definitely use the web interface to do your stalking but it's just really cool to see what your radio is hearing directly because again the stuff posted on APRS.FI and APRS Direct, whatever station heard it first is the one that gets to post it there. 29:52.700 --> 29:59.080 So you may have heard it but you may have not been the one that reported it to the servers there. 29:59.220 --> 30:03.620 So it's definitely something definitely cool to see just the raw data. 30:05.100 --> 30:15.640 And see here we go here's just an iGate transmit from Frisco, Frisco Peak, just throwing a beacon out with its position and location and that. 30:16.640 --> 30:22.080 This is AL7BX's rig, a good friend of mine. 30:22.080 --> 30:26.780 He has helped me a lot with this APRS stuff. 30:26.780 --> 30:33.980 We definitely are working together to build out more APRS rigs in our area. 30:34.480 --> 30:43.020 So I think we're pretty much up for time on the demo. 30:43.680 --> 30:50.920 The wonderful radiogram talk was amazing and pushed us over a tad but no worries. 30:51.000 --> 30:55.500 Let's go answer some questions in chat if there are any. 30:55.500 --> 31:07.820 I know this was kind of a droned out presentation live demo but let's see if there's any questions either in Discord or in Twitch here. 31:07.840 --> 31:13.160 Give it a quick glance and we'll get going here. 31:23.650 --> 31:27.750 Okay well definitely an earful. 31:27.750 --> 31:30.190 There's definitely more resources for APRS. 31:30.190 --> 31:47.650 If you want to get into APRS, you want to carry it along with you or you want to expand the APRS network yourself, go ahead and hit me up in the Ham Radio Village Discord on the Defcon server or our own Ham Radio Village server. 31:47.650 --> 31:49.710 I'll throw links in chat. 31:50.170 --> 31:55.450 Just go ahead and I will even be able to help you remotely. 31:55.450 --> 32:10.870 I've helped people with remote desktop to help set up their rigs so any help I can give I'm just more than happy to expand and contribute to the APRS community. 32:10.870 --> 32:17.610 So thank you everybody and we'll see you back for closing comments here in just a little bit. 32:17.610 --> 32:18.490 Thank you!