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65740	68860	Call sign KI7ODK.
68980	72840	Before I begin, I would like to briefly introduce myself.
73320	78920	I have been an amateur radio operator since 2017, and currently hold a U.S. general class
78920	80020	license.
80420	84420	I am an aerospace engineer by profession, and I'm just about to receive my master's
84420	86420	degree in that same field.
86420	91520	Some of my interests related to amateur radio and engineering are emergency preparedness,
91520	95420	computer hardware and programming, and computer networking.
96080	104160	Today, I will be presenting about single-board computers, or SBCs, and their use in amateur
104160	105200	radio.
105220	110600	For those who are not familiar with SBCs, I will first go over what an SBC is.
110600	114300	We will then look into some of the advantages of SBCs.
114700	119000	The majority of my experience with single-board computers has dealt with the Raspberry Pi,
119400	123600	so I will be focusing my presentation today on the Raspberry Pi.
123660	131260	However, the Pi, as it is also known, is not the only SBC out there, so I will also be
131260	135120	showing a couple other options that you can look into if you're interested.
135460	141040	My plan today is to dedicate most of my presentation to introducing the Raspberry Pi, showing you
141040	146020	the various models of the Pi that are available, walk you through how to set up the Raspberry
146020	152080	Pi OS, and then show you just some of the many things that you can do using a Raspberry
152080	155300	Pi in the sphere of amateur radio.
155640	158360	So with that, let's jump right in.
159660	166200	Now a typical desktop or laptop and computer generally includes the following components.
166580	171040	A motherboard, which serves to interconnect the computer's various components.
171040	175800	Random Access Memory, or RAM, also known simply as memory.
176360	181380	A Central Processing Unit, or CPU, also just called the processor.
182940	186580	A graphics card, or graphics processing unit.
187660	190020	A hard drive for data storage.
190380	192460	And a power supply.
193380	199980	The pictures shown here for each of these components are showing what they may appear
199980	201900	like in a desktop computer.
202160	206520	While the same components used for laptop computers are usually more compact, the function
206520	209780	for each of these components is still the same.
210260	214960	As the name implies, a single board computer is a computer that has all of its essential
214960	217560	components assembled onto one board.
218080	222580	As noted in the explanation from Wikipedia, this usually includes, but is not limited
222580	228160	to, a microprocessor, memory, and input-output connections.
230670	237090	Because all of these components are built onto a single board, SBCs have several advantages
237910	240670	over their desktop and laptop counterparts.
241490	246770	First, modern single board computers are small and compact.
246990	252450	Similarly, they are very lightweight, even when compared to the lightest laptop computers
252450	253910	available today.
254070	259890	Their small and lightweight nature makes SBCs great for portable and or space-constrained
259890	261110	uses.
262370	264670	SBCs are also very versatile.
265150	269250	Because most SBCs run on Linux, they are very customizable.
269890	276490	Many SBCs also include what are known as GPIO, or General Purpose Input-Output connections.
276690	279610	I'll explain a little bit more about that later.
280070	286070	GPIO pins can be very useful for amateur radio and electronics purposes and projects.
287790	293690	Next, the use of smaller, low-power components on SBCs means that single board computer systems
293690	296730	often require very little power to run.
297010	303070	And finally, devices such as the Raspberry Pi have a large community of users that continue
303550	304730	to grow.
305290	309370	This means that there is a large group of people you can turn to for support with your
309370	311950	projects or to get ideas from.
312280	313990	Now let's be clear.
314290	319970	Single board computers are great, however, they do have some disadvantages.
321760	329350	Because SBCs are smaller and use small, low-power components, their processing power is limited
329350	332210	compared to a desktop or laptop computer.
332450	337650	However, this disadvantage has become less of a problem in recent years as the processing
337650	341010	power of SBCs has increased noticeably.
341690	346650	Another point that many may consider a disadvantage is the fact that single board computers typically
346650	348370	cannot run Windows.
348650	354310	Especially in amateur radio, there are many programs that can only run on Windows.
354310	359350	However, I myself do not consider this a great disadvantage.
360270	368090	The Windows operating system is great for home and office use where your Windows updates
368090	370950	probably don't mess you up too much.
371660	377250	In the end, Windows is not known for being the most stable operating system.
377750	383130	And let me just say right now, SBCs are not built or intended for hardcore gaming use
383130	383850	either.
384010	387030	Yes, you can run Minecraft on a Raspberry Pi.
387030	390230	You can also set up a Pi to run classic arcade games.
390850	395450	Just don't expect to be playing Call of Duty or something similar on a Pi, as is typically
395450	397610	done on a Windows desktop computer.
398690	402830	Now that I've said that, some of you may go out there to prove me wrong, and that's perfectly
402830	403270	fine.
403270	404670	All the more power to you.
404690	408050	I would love to see if you could run Call of Duty on a Raspberry Pi.
408250	410170	However, I digress.
410170	411990	That's not the point of this presentation.
412730	418890	Hopefully, this simply gives you a good idea of what SBCs are great for, and what areas
418890	422690	they aren't generally intended to be used in.
424910	430910	After going through those advantages and disadvantages, we can begin to see why single-board computers
430910	432770	are great for amateur radio.
433430	439690	As digital modes continue to grow in use and popularity, we will see an increasing use
439690	442270	of computer-connected radios.
442270	449750	SBCs do great running digital modes, and as I mentioned earlier, are also great for interfacing
449750	451230	with electronics.
451490	456390	This could allow you to easily set up a push-to-talk circuit using an SBC.
456690	459050	And that's just one simple example.
459390	464690	Now even though Windows doesn't typically run on SBCs, almost anything you can do on
464790	470210	a Windows computer for amateur radio can also be done on an SBC.
471130	476030	Looking at the advantages listed in the previous slide, we can see that SBCs are great for
476030	481490	portable operations, such as summits on the air and field day.
481830	488030	And as I alluded to earlier, Linux is a great and very stable operating system.
488570	493810	It's also open source, which means that you don't have to pay for the OS itself.
496660	500460	Here are some quick examples of single-board computers that are available on the market
500460	501300	today.
501300	505240	Now the first I have already mentioned is the Raspberry Pi.
505920	512400	The Raspberry Pi is probably, by far, the most well-known and popular single-board computer
512400	514100	available right now.
514580	516880	Next is the BeagleBone Black.
517160	522100	The BeagleBone shares some features with the Raspberry Pi, but includes a different processor
522820	526040	and GPIO setup, as you can see in that picture.
526860	530580	The other example that I have shown here is the BananaPi.
530580	536280	Now I honestly don't know too much about the BananaPi, but from what I've read, its design
536280	540600	was partially inspired by the Raspberry Pi, as you can probably see in that picture.
540940	544640	There are multiple other single-board computers out there that you can get.
544660	549320	Feel free to look around and see what interests you and what fits your needs.
550600	556020	Alright now that I have gone over and given a general explanation about single-board computers,
556800	560780	I will be talking from here on out specifically about the Raspberry Pi.
561220	566540	The original Raspberry Pi board was released in 2012 by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.
567460	573860	As of the end of last year, 2019, over 30 million Raspberry Pi boards have been sold.
574140	578980	Today, the Pi is available in three main form factors.
579000	582820	The first and most popular is the full-sized Model B.
582820	592660	The Model B includes four USB ports, an Ethernet port, GPIO header pins, an audio output, HDMI
592660	600460	output or outputs, depending on the model, a display ribbon output, a camera ribbon connector,
600610	602740	and a power input.
603450	606740	The second form factor is known as the Model A.
606740	614860	This model has one USB port, an HDMI output, a display ribbon output, GPIO pins, an audio
614860	619380	port, a camera ribbon input, and a power connection.
620040	629900	And last, the Pi Zero includes only GPIO headers, an HDMI output, USB connection, ribbon connection,
629900	631740	and power input.
632140	639780	The base Zero model does not include wireless capabilities, however the Zero W does.
639840	646200	You can also buy versions of the Zero W with pins pre-soldered onto the GPIO headers to
646200	649180	make it easier to do those connections.
651660	656600	Now here is a table showing the different Raspberry Pi revisions and models that have
656600	659980	been released since the first Raspberry Pi.
660260	667020	The most popular models currently available are the Raspberry Pi 3B+, and the Raspberry
667020	668500	Pi 4.
668880	676780	The 4 is now available with 2, 4, or 8 gigabytes of RAM, even though this table doesn't show
676780	678580	the 8 gigabyte model.
680080	684260	The 3A+, typically sells for about $25.
684260	690640	The 3B+, and the 4B 2 gigabyte models, both currently sell for $35.
690860	695900	You can see the other prices that I have listed there on the right for the various models
695900	696960	as well.
697300	704740	Notice that the price increases about $20 for each successive increment of RAM if you're
704740	707000	ordering the Raspberry Pi 4.
709500	713460	To buy a Pi, I would recommend going to raspberrypi.org.
713460	719080	The Raspberry Pi Foundation maintains a list of approved resellers on their website.
719520	724220	I would recommend that you avoid buying from Amazon.com and other similar sites.
724600	730520	Because of the popularity of the Raspberry Pi, sellers commonly try to buy stock from
730520	734180	the approved resellers, and then resell it at a markup.
734840	737520	I personally prefer to buy from Adafruit.
737520	741400	However, any of these resellers shown here are great.
741400	747180	Be aware that you can purchase the boards or computers alone, or in a kit.
747540	751740	The kits are nice if you're just starting out, but they can be a little more expensive.
753340	757920	Keep in mind that there are a couple components that you need to run your Pi, in addition
757920	759680	to just the board itself.
760980	763520	The first of those is an SD card.
763700	766740	The SD card is essentially the hard drive of the Pi.
767100	769780	It slides into a slot at the bottom of the board.
770820	773140	The next is a power supply.
773560	778180	With just a power supply and an SD card, you can run what is known as a headless Raspberry
778180	779180	Pi setup.
779260	783320	In other words, the Pi is not connected to any external displays.
784020	786960	This is how I run most of my Pis.
787320	791080	I have my Pis set up so that I can control them remotely over my home network.
791480	796660	I also have the Raspberry Pi I use for portable operations set up to create its own wireless
796660	799640	network when I am out of range of my home network.
800000	806680	This allows me to connect to the Pi using any other wireless computer, tablet, or smartphone
807430	811500	and remotely control the Raspberry Pi while I'm out operating.
813230	818440	To start out, it is often nice to hook up your Pi to an HDMI display, a keyboard, and
818440	819320	mouse.
819320	824300	This can help you set it up and go through the initial configuration process.
824780	828100	I also like having my Pis in a case.
828500	833620	Now a case is not necessary, but it can help protect your Pi and the components on the
833620	834380	board.
835520	841740	Alright, now that we've gone over all of that, it's time to jump into setting up a Pi.
842400	847440	To set up your Raspberry Pi, you will first need two things in addition to your laptop
847440	848880	or desktop computer.
848880	856760	First of those, as we mentioned earlier, is a micro SD card to set up and to install
856760	858040	the OS on.
858180	862940	The next thing you'll need for the SD card is an SD card reader of some sort that you
862940	866440	can plug into your computer so you can set it up and image it that way.
866920	872020	Once you have that plugged up into your computer, we'll then use one of two applications to
872020	874220	format and image this card.
876560	886960	On the computer, we can use, like I mentioned, one of two applications to image the SD card.
887960	892980	The Raspberry Pi Foundation has recently released the Raspberry Pi Imager application, which
892980	896200	makes it very easy to set up the SD card.
896560	899680	First we need to choose the operating system version that we want.
899820	905500	Now the one that they recommend currently is the Raspberry Pi OS with the desktop environment.
905500	911040	This will simply install the full operating system on your SD card and will include the
911040	915080	desktop environment so you can interact with the Pi just as you would any other desktop
915080	917980	computer using a keyboard and mouse.
918480	923400	There is other options that you can select here, such as Ubuntu, which is another type
923400	928160	of Linux, RetroPie for retro gaming, and things like that.
928220	934280	If you select Other Images for the Raspberry Pi OS, you can see that they have two other
934280	935340	options here.
935340	937780	The first is the Lite option.
938000	945140	The Lite OS image installs the OS with a command line interface only, so no desktop interface
945140	946560	will be included.
947900	955620	The second one here is the Full OS, so that will install the full desktop operating system
956140	961580	with a set of recommended applications, so you can have those applications already installed
961580	964360	and ready to go for your first use.
966180	970280	Once you select the operating system that you would like to use, for this example I'll
970280	975600	go ahead and select the recommended one, you then choose your SD card, and then you click
975600	976560	Write.
976560	982960	It will download the operating system image from the internet and then write it to your
982960	984000	SD card.
985460	990260	The second application that you can use, which is no longer recommended, but I'm going to
990260	995620	be using it today just for speed, is Bylena Etcher.
997130	1008020	This application, you simply select an image that you've already downloaded, I have mine
1008020	1014620	here in OS Images, and I have the full image here to select.
1015020	1023000	You then make sure it has your SD card selected there for the drive, and then you click Flash.
1024760	1029820	Now this will take a little bit to flash or image the card, so I'll come back to you after
1029820	1030740	it's done.
1034200	1039420	Alright, Etcher is almost done flashing the image to our SD card.
1039760	1045020	Now I didn't mention earlier, but I'm using Etcher right now because I already downloaded
1045020	1050160	the image online, as you saw, and I found that Etcher can be a little bit faster if
1050160	1051240	you do that.
1051900	1057160	The Raspberry Pi imager does take a little bit longer, simply because it has to first
1057160	1060360	download the image from the internet, like I mentioned earlier.
1060640	1068040	I believe that once you have used the Raspberry Pi imager, once or twice, it will actually
1068040	1070900	store that image somewhere on your computer.
1070920	1075440	So if you use it sequentially multiple times, it will be faster in the future, and it will
1075440	1079560	simply use that downloaded image to flash to your SD cards.
1079560	1084000	Alright, Etcher is going to now take some time to validate the image that we just flashed
1084000	1088200	to our card, so I'll come back right after that has finished.
1089220	1096120	Etcher is about done validating the image that has been flashed to the SD card.
1096120	1102640	While that's finishing up, let me show you really quick where you can download the Raspberry
1102640	1106320	Pi OS images and the Raspberry Pi imager.
1106660	1111820	If you just go to raspberrypi.org, all you have to do is come up and click on the Downloads
1111820	1113400	page up here.
1113460	1120160	You can then download the imager application for Windows, Mac, or Ubuntu Linux.
1120440	1127620	You can also directly download the images for the OS by going down here and scrolling
1127620	1128580	down.
1128580	1131180	As we can see, the flash is now complete.
1133240	1141000	Alright, now that that's done, at this point, you can remove the SD card from your computer,
1141000	1144800	plug it into your Pi, and power up your Raspberry Pi.
1144880	1150900	If you were to hook your Raspberry Pi up to a monitor, keyboard, and mouse to complete
1150900	1152120	the rest of the setup.
1152420	1159920	However, I am now going to continue on and set up my Raspberry Pi for a headless setup.
1161840	1168100	Now, in my case here, I have to remove the SD card and put it back into my computer in
1168100	1170600	order for the computer to load up the card again.
1170800	1174060	So now that I'm done with Balana Etcher, I'll go ahead and close that out.
1174300	1181120	And you can see here that I have a drive showing up in my USB drive E now.
1181440	1187940	You can see all these files here are from the image that just got flashed to the card.
1188300	1193700	What's going to happen is once we plug this into the Raspberry Pi, the first time the
1193700	1199380	Pi boots up, it will take all these files and it will actually set up the OS.
1199560	1206860	So the files you see here are not necessarily the same way they're going to show up once
1206860	1210220	you have the OS set up and have run the Pi for the first time.
1210600	1216540	The first thing I'm going to do here is I'm going to follow the instructions here on the
1216540	1222620	raspberrypi.org documentation for setting up a Raspberry Pi headless.
1223780	1227780	Now you can see the first things you want to do here is if you're going to connect to
1227780	1233220	your Raspberry Pi with a wireless network, you need to set it up so it will connect to
1233220	1234160	your network.
1234600	1239440	If you're going to set it up and connect it with an Ethernet cable, you don't have to
1239440	1240800	worry about this step here.
1240800	1242760	But I'm going to go ahead and set this up.
1242760	1248200	So what we want to do is we are going to set up what's called a WPA supplicant configuration
1248200	1249220	file.
1249860	1253120	The contents of that file are shown here.
1253120	1259740	So I'm going to simply copy that and paste that over to my Notepad Plus document here.
1261040	1265580	We need to first verify that the settings are correct here.
1265820	1270560	So the first thing we'll check is to make sure that the country code is set.
1270560	1273700	In my case, that will be US.
1275080	1284860	You will then put in here the name of your network and whatever your password is for
1284860	1288860	your network in the PSK spot.
1290380	1302320	If your network is open and has no password, you can set that up by following the directions
1302320	1305560	for unsecured networks shown here.
1305560	1312960	So all you would do is put in key underscore MGMT equals none instead of having a password
1312960	1314640	there in the file.
1317040	1326760	So we're going to take that file and we're going to save that into our SD card there.
1326760	1337980	And I'll make sure that that is named WPA underscore supplicant dot CONF.
1339680	1341080	Save that there.
1341220	1347400	And when the Pi boots up for the first time, it will detect that file and it will set up
1347980	1349600	the wireless networking.
1349620	1354040	Now you notice Windows changed it to .conf.txt.
1354040	1355680	So I'm going to go in there.
1355680	1361160	And I'm going to make sure that it's .conf and not .conf.txt.
1364380	1368460	And yes, Windows is going to ask me if I want to do that, and I'm going to say yes.
1368920	1375760	All right, the next thing that I'm going to do here is I'm going to create a new file
1375760	1376780	in here.
1377900	1384000	Just a text document, and I'm just going to call it SSH with no suffix.
1384620	1386700	And I'm going to say yes.
1387160	1396480	Now with that SSH file in there, that will enable the SSH interface the first time the
1396480	1398060	Raspberry Pi boots up.
1398380	1402500	SSH is simply a remote control interface that you can do over command line.
1402760	1408000	And that's one thing that I use a lot with my Raspberry Pis that I'm remote controlling.
1408500	1415420	So now that I have those two things set up, all that's left to do is to plug the SD card
1415420	1418880	into the Pi and plug it into power.
1422800	1427180	So what we'll do is we'll go ahead and grab our SD card, and we'll go ahead and put that
1427180	1430900	in the SD card slot on the bottom of the Raspberry Pi.
1431320	1436480	You just insert that straight in there until it goes in all the way.
1437700	1439100	It's not really hard to put in.
1439100	1443540	You won't feel a click, but just make sure it goes in all the way so it's connected properly.
1443660	1449060	You'll then take your Raspberry Pi and hook it up to your power supply by hooking that
1449060	1450580	into the power in slot.
1450880	1456260	Now today, I'm simply going to be using a USB power bank to power my Pi as well for
1456260	1457580	setup and demonstration.
1461880	1467460	Alright once the Raspberry Pi has started up, you'll see the red light and green light
1467460	1469940	start to flash on the Raspberry Pi itself.
1470680	1474920	Give the Pi a minute or so to boot up and set up the OS.
1475260	1482400	And then, to complete the setup for the headless portion of the tutorial right now, what I'm
1482400	1486100	going to do is I'm going to go ahead and connect to the Pi using SSH.
1486160	1490240	Now there's multiple programs you can use to do SSH.
1490300	1494640	One of the popular ones is called PuTTY, P-U-T-T-Y.
1494640	1499580	Go ahead and Google that and you can download that and use that for SSH.
1499950	1506580	What I do is I use the Windows subsystem for Linux feature that's currently on Windows
1506580	1507340	10.
1507340	1514380	So I'm going to go ahead and pull up my Ubuntu installation and all you have to do in this
1514380	1523320	case is just type in ssh pi at and then the IP address of your Pi on your network.
1523320	1528360	You'll have to figure that out, what IP address your Pi connected with.
1529040	1533500	I'm going to go ahead and hit enter here and the first time I connect to this host it's
1533500	1536760	saying that the authenticity of the host cannot be established.
1536940	1540140	Well that's fine because this is the first time I'm connecting to the host after it's
1540140	1540780	been set up.
1540780	1543340	So I'm just going to say yes, that's fine.
1543620	1545600	Now it's going to ask me for the password.
1546000	1550340	Now notice that Pi I put in is the default username.
1550720	1555660	And the default password for the Raspberry Pi is simply raspberry.
1557720	1563540	So I type that in and apparently I did not type it correctly.
1566540	1568360	Let's see if I... there we go.
1568460	1575120	So once you're in and connected correctly you'll see the prompt there to change your
1575120	1575960	password.
1575980	1578960	You'll want to do that if you're leaving your Pi connected at all.
1578960	1585620	What I'm going to do here is I'm going to enter raspi underscore config.
1589180	1591540	And I'm going to have to look at the command now.
1593620	1599200	So what I want to do is I'm going to set up here some interfaces.
1599760	1604780	And I want to set up primarily VNC so I can remote control this Pi graphically.
1605280	1611160	So what I want is enabling this option at the command line.
1611160	1613860	Oh, and I wanted a dash, not an underscore.
1613860	1615220	So I was pretty close.
1616360	1620640	But I'm just going to do dash and that will bring up this.
1620740	1624220	It's telling me I need to do it as a root or basically as an admin user.
1624220	1630180	So I just need to do sudo as pi config.
1633040	1638640	All right, now that this has come up, you can use the keyboard here to navigate through
1638640	1639200	this menu.
1639200	1647160	I'm just going to do down arrow, two interfacing options, and I'm going to go over arrow, right
1647160	1649400	to select, and I'm going to hit enter.
1650140	1653420	And then I'm going to say VNC.
1653420	1659860	I want to select and I want to enable the VNC server.
1660280	1662060	It's now telling me that that's enabled.
1662780	1666000	And that should be the only thing that I have to do right now.
1666180	1670760	You can enable the other interfaces or explore the options right here that you have.
1671920	1678040	So what I'm going to do is I'm just going to do now go over over to finish and hit finish.
1678160	1684320	And now I'm going to do sudo reboot to restart the Pi.
1685420	1689320	It will close the SSH connection and it will reboot the Pi.
1689980	1694400	What we're going to do now is we will wait for the Pi to reboot so we can now connect
1694400	1696660	with it with VNC.
1697500	1703920	VNC is automatically installed on the Raspbian or the Raspberry Pi operating system.
1704060	1706620	Like we just saw, I just enabled the server.
1706620	1714900	So what you want to do is you can download the VNC viewer for your computer.
1716580	1723580	It's available for Windows, Mac, Linux, and there's also applications available for iOS
1723580	1724780	and Android.
1724880	1728280	So you can use those devices to remote control your Raspberry Pi as well.
1728440	1732180	Once you download that and install it, you can then connect to your Raspberry Pi.
1732720	1740700	So I'm going to pull up VNC viewer and these are a few of my devices here that I often
1740700	1741760	connect to.
1742800	1744880	Mine is 0.36.
1744880	1749840	Now since I have reinstalled the operating system on my Raspberry Pi, its catchphrase
1749840	1751520	and signature have changed.
1751540	1756600	So that's why it's alerting me here to this identity check failure.
1757060	1760040	I already know about that so I'm just going to click continue and I'm going to put in
1760040	1765440	the same password, raspberry, and connect to it.
1766240	1767480	There we go.
1768040	1771060	Alright, now it's going to give us a couple of warnings because we haven't changed the
1771060	1771660	password.
1771660	1772580	That's fine.
1772900	1780040	So the last thing that I'm going to go through right now is just show you this wizard that
1780040	1781580	helps you set up the Raspberry Pi.
1781580	1785920	It simply goes through and this is the graphical way that you can set up your Raspberry Pi.
1789030	1791890	First of all, make sure you've set up your country.
1792450	1795910	That's the thing that we set up earlier when we set up the wireless configuration.
1798490	1801570	Alright now it gives you an opportunity to change the password.
1802390	1805030	You would enter your new password here and confirm it.
1805650	1808490	I'm not going to worry about that right now but that's something I definitely encourage
1808490	1809230	you to do.
1810470	1814810	This gives you the opportunity here if you're using a monitor to make sure that the screen
1814810	1816470	is set up properly.
1816970	1819030	I'm not going to worry about that right now.
1819610	1823350	And then here is where you can set up your wireless networks if you haven't already.
1823470	1825010	So I'm going to go ahead and skip that.
1825270	1832110	And then finally, it gives you a prompt to update the system software and I would recommend
1832110	1835970	you do that at the end of your setup here just to make sure that everything is up to
1835970	1839210	date even though we just barely installed the operating system.
1839250	1842850	So most everything should be up to date but it's a good idea to check that.
1843890	1848450	The very last thing that I will do here is you can notice that the screen size for the
1848450	1850930	VNC viewer is a little small here.
1851010	1856370	What I'm going to go ahead and do is we can change that by going into the preferences
1857130	1860250	and into Raspberry Pi configuration.
1860610	1869810	If we go into display and set resolution, we can then make the VNC server emulate a
1869810	1870850	larger display.
1870850	1880050	So I'm going to just select 1280x720 and we'll go ahead and make sure that that is confirmed.
1880090	1881490	Can I get down to the...
1881490	1884750	Hopefully if I just close it, okay.
1884750	1889170	So it is going to confirm the settings there and it's just going to reboot the Pi.
1889370	1895670	So what will happen is the VNC viewer here will wait for the Pi to reboot and it will
1895670	1896450	reconnect.
1896670	1897490	And here we are.
1897490	1899030	We have a slightly larger screen.
1899030	1902710	So you can set that resolution to whatever fits your setup and needs.
1904870	1909990	Now that we have set up a Raspberry Pi, it's up to you to explore and figure out just what
1909990	1912570	you can do with a Raspberry Pi.
1913030	1918510	Pis are great for use in emergency communications and can enable effective communications for
1918510	1921410	Ares and Skywarn groups.
1921870	1926670	Using a software TNC such as Direwolf makes it really easy to hook a sound card up to
1926670	1932730	the Pi and your radio for things such as Winlink and APRS.
1932970	1942090	Other digital applications such as JSA Call and WSJTX work great on the Pi.
1942470	1946990	You can even hook your Raspberry Pi up to a software-defined radio device to expand
1946990	1948970	the capabilities of your setup.
1949470	1954310	These are just a few examples of what you can do with a Raspberry Pi.
1954310	1957670	And honestly, the sky is the limit.
1959590	1964790	Now I'm going to show you my setup and how I use my Raspberry Pi in amateur radio while
1964790	1966190	I am out operating.
1968390	1971410	So this is my portable setup as I currently have it.
1971470	1978550	Here I have a Kenwood TM-V71 interfaced with my Raspberry Pi 3B+.
1979330	1986790	The Raspberry Pi is hooked to a sound card and an RT-Systems control or programming cable,
1986790	1990770	which are both then hooked into the back of the TM-V71 here.
1991090	1997190	The Raspberry Pi is also hooked up to a 12V to 5V power converter.
1998210	2003650	If you don't want to hook your Raspberry Pi into your 12V battery system, you can also
2003650	2008610	consider using a USB power bank, as I mentioned earlier.
2009130	2015590	A power bank such as this will power your Pi for quite a few hours out in portable operations.
2017910	2023610	Now I'm going to give you a close-up of how this setup is currently arranged.
2024490	2029250	So here is the USB sound card that I mentioned that's currently hooked up to the Pi.
2029930	2036070	Typically you want to use a USB or external sound card because the Raspberry Pi only has an audio out.
2036070	2038590	It does not have a microphone input port.
2038650	2044270	I also have my RT-Systems cable that I mentioned here hooked into one of the other USB ports.
2044370	2049550	You'll notice here is a GPS receiver hooked up to the Pi.
2049550	2056790	This GPS receiver is not only receiving the position of the Raspberry Pi system,
2056790	2062370	but it also is able to sync up the time, the system time, with GPS time.
2062370	2068850	For data modes such as JSA Call and FT8 that require fairly precise timing.
2069130	2076790	This GPS receiver is simply the same as this GPS GLONASS UBLOX 7 receiver here.
2076790	2085150	I've simply taken off the plastic casing off the outside so that this would fit with my other USB connections there on the Pi.
2087310	2098290	Currently the Raspberry Pi is creating a hotspot or wireless network that I can connect to it using an iPad or another tablet or even a laptop.
2098610	2105730	Typically I use my iPad here to connect to the Raspberry Pi and control it wirelessly using the VNC app.
2105730	2112450	It's also handy if you want to have a wireless keyboard attached to your tablet or use the keyboard on a laptop.
2112450	2115910	And that makes typing much easier than trying to use an on-screen keyboard.
2120070	2131090	So now that I've shown you the physical setup of my Raspberry Pi portable radio box, let me show you some of the software that I have installed on my Raspberry Pi.
2131170	2134350	First thing you can see here on the desktop is DireWolf.
2134370	2140930	DireWolf is a software TNC application that is currently interfaced with the USB sound card that I showed you earlier.
2140930	2150070	You can see it currently decoding APRS packets in real time because I have my radio currently tuned to the APRS frequency.
2151450	2161010	DireWolf is also currently interfaced with LIN-BPQ, which is creating and providing a WinLink gateway.
2161510	2168230	Other stations could connect to my gateway and send and receive email over the WinLink service.
2168230	2175910	That WinLink gateway is managed by going to the local website created by LIN-BPQ.
2176090	2188490	This is a nice feature that many of these applications, these portable applications and digital applications do, is create a webpage service that you can access not only from the Raspberry Pi,
2188830	2194330	but you can access from any computer that's connected to the Raspberry Pi wirelessly, such as my iPad tablet.
2195190	2199030	LIN-BPQ hosts its website at port 8080.
2199030	2206690	And so this is a configuration page that I go to in order to manage my WinLink gateway and BPQ node.
2207330	2212310	Another application that I have installed on my Raspberry Pi is PAT.
2212350	2215790	Now PAT is a WinLink client.
2215990	2223330	So if I go here to port 5000, I will pull up my PAT web UI.
2225010	2232590	PAT can also connect to Direwolf to use my sound card TNC to send and receive messages.
2232590	2245430	This has a simple interface, just an inbox, your app box, your sent messages, an archive, and the action menu where you can compose messages and position updates.
2246770	2255410	Alright, in addition to those two applications that I have for WinLink, I have a variety of other applications currently installed on my Raspberry Pi.
2255810	2260530	These are all organized under the ham radio submenu here.
2261510	2265710	Some of these include Chirp for programming radios.
2266610	2269530	CQRLog, which is a logging program.
2269930	2272690	Direwolf, once again, is the sound card TNC.
2272690	2281050	I have FLdigi and FLrig for rig control and some digital sound card modes.
2281050	2287150	You can also see here JSA Call and WSJTX.
2287230	2292450	Additionally, I have Zaster and YAC for APRS clients.
2292570	2299890	And I have a couple additional tools here installed that help me manage the software and update the software.
2299890	2307690	Such as PapMenu, PiAPRS, and other things that have been developed by Jason, KM4AK.
2308850	2315250	These programs are really useful on VHF, UHF, and HF.
2315250	2324890	And you can interface your single Raspberry Pi to both a VHF radio and an HF radio simply using multiple sound card interfaces.
2324890	2329950	Alright, so you're probably wondering now, where do I start?
2330810	2333190	Here are a few of my suggestions.
2333350	2336250	First, check out raspberrypi.org.
2336450	2343350	There are many tutorials there and elsewhere online of projects you can do using the Raspberry Pi.
2343390	2346290	Next, check out YouTube.
2346290	2356750	KM4AK, Jason, and OH8STN, Julian, both have great channels on YouTube that I follow.
2356990	2360970	They both do some great things with their radios using the Raspberry Pi.
2361750	2366910	I would also suggest you take some time to decide what you would like to explore.
2367370	2372390	There is a lot that you can do with the Raspberry Pi and other single board computers.
2372390	2377270	Identify where you'd like to start first and go slow.
2377310	2379650	Don't burn yourself out.
2379810	2390290	Finally, put some effort into identifying your communications needs and how single board computers can empower your amateur radio setup.
2390970	2394610	Well, thank you very much for tuning in today.
2394650	2399550	I will be available to answer your questions in the designated channel.
2405430	2409410	Hello, thanks for joining us. Thanks for that great presentation.
2409410	2415870	If folks have questions, you can throw them either on Twitch or on the HRV Presentation Tech channel.
2416910	2424450	We actually have one. I'm curious, what's your wish list for the Raspberry Pi 5, whatever, right?
2424450	2427670	What would you love to see in there that we don't have today?
2430250	2431750	Interesting question.
2431750	2442850	I say that's interesting because the Raspberry Pi 4 has actually been a pretty good model so far that I can't think of anything I would necessarily add to it off the top of my head.
2443130	2450950	I mean, obviously, it's always good to increase the processor capability, and I think they're incrementally doing that.
2450950	2462190	And so as we see the capabilities of these processors on the Raspberry Pis, that will continue to increase what we can do with these single board computers.
2463170	2469810	I will mention with the 4, since they added the two USB 3.0 ports, that was a really nice addition.
2469810	2474190	So I guess one thing that I would like to see is maybe all four ports USB 3.0.
2475790	2479410	And that's really the only thing I can think of right now.
2481410	2487310	Okay, I'm curious. Do you know, is the power consumption on the 4 much higher than the 3, or is it about the same?
2487590	2490530	Correct, because they switched to USB-C power, right, on that?
2491730	2497130	Yeah, they switched to the USB-C power because there was a slight increase in the power consumption.
2497450	2503370	I think the 3B+, at max power, would use about 2.5 amps.
2503730	2507310	And the 3 can draw up to 3 amps, is my understanding.
2508010	2512210	But a lot of that will actually go to if you have USB devices hooked up to it.
2512210	2515830	A lot of the power draw comes from those USB devices.
2515850	2520310	So that's just something to keep in mind if you're connecting devices that require a lot of power.
2520310	2524490	Sometimes it's better to hook them up to an external hub that you can then power that way.
2526110	2532910	Cool. Related to that power, we had a question about how long can you run the Pi using a battery bank on a standard day?
2535070	2546450	So the battery bank that I showed in the presentation, that one can run it for upwards of at least, I would guess, 6 or 7 hours.
2546930	2552910	And a lot of the portable battery banks that you get for charging your phone, if you get upwards of...
2553430	2557850	there's some 20,000 mAh packs and stuff, and those are the ones that I have.
2558430	2568810	But then, of course, if you just power it off your 12V battery, you can run for probably days off a 12V battery.
2568830	2577430	Something like an 18Ah battery, a 12V battery that you're going to connect to a 5V converter, will give you operation for days just on the Raspberry Pi.
2579890	2586530	Great, thanks. We get a couple questions around, do you have a preferred SDR or do you use USB SDRs?
2586530	2589910	And what are your favorite SDR-based activities, if so?
2592010	2598590	Yeah, so as far as SDR goes, the only SDR device I've used is the RTL-SDR, and I've done a little bit with that.
2598590	2604030	I haven't done too much on the Pi, but that's the one I've played around with.
2604030	2617950	What I would really like to do is set up a receive-only iGate for EPRS using an SDR, and that's just a really cheap and pretty easy method to set it up that way with an SDR.
2617950	2629170	Instead of just taking up a full other ham rig, you can dedicate that to just sit in your house and receive EPRS packets in your local area.
2629170	2638010	So yeah, as far as SDR, I've used only the RTL-SDR, and I'm really right now playing around more with how to use that on the Raspberry Pi.
2638170	2645490	In general, on the computer, when I've just hooked it up to my laptop or PC, I've just been listening to voice traffic locally.
2645550	2649170	So that's as far as I've gotten with SDR so far.
2651790	2662050	Great, thanks. That's all the questions we had in chat. If you have any further questions, feel free to just hop in the village and ask away, and I'm sure I can get you there.
2662050	2667430	I want to thank you for giving that great talk, and hopefully everyone enjoys the rest of DEF CON Safe Mode.
2668130	2669630	Yeah, thanks for tuning in.
2701780	2704460	Transcribed by https://otter.ai