[01:05.740 --> 01:08.860]  Call sign KI7ODK.
[01:08.980 --> 01:12.840]  Before I begin, I would like to briefly introduce myself.
[01:13.320 --> 01:18.920]  I have been an amateur radio operator since 2017, and currently hold a U.S. general class
[01:18.920 --> 01:20.020]  license.
[01:20.420 --> 01:24.420]  I am an aerospace engineer by profession, and I'm just about to receive my master's
[01:24.420 --> 01:26.420]  degree in that same field.
[01:26.420 --> 01:31.520]  Some of my interests related to amateur radio and engineering are emergency preparedness,
[01:31.520 --> 01:35.420]  computer hardware and programming, and computer networking.
[01:36.080 --> 01:44.160]  Today, I will be presenting about single-board computers, or SBCs, and their use in amateur
[01:44.160 --> 01:45.200]  radio.
[01:45.220 --> 01:50.600]  For those who are not familiar with SBCs, I will first go over what an SBC is.
[01:50.600 --> 01:54.300]  We will then look into some of the advantages of SBCs.
[01:54.700 --> 01:59.000]  The majority of my experience with single-board computers has dealt with the Raspberry Pi,
[01:59.400 --> 02:03.600]  so I will be focusing my presentation today on the Raspberry Pi.
[02:03.660 --> 02:11.260]  However, the Pi, as it is also known, is not the only SBC out there, so I will also be
[02:11.260 --> 02:15.120]  showing a couple other options that you can look into if you're interested.
[02:15.460 --> 02:21.040]  My plan today is to dedicate most of my presentation to introducing the Raspberry Pi, showing you
[02:21.040 --> 02:26.020]  the various models of the Pi that are available, walk you through how to set up the Raspberry
[02:26.020 --> 02:32.080]  Pi OS, and then show you just some of the many things that you can do using a Raspberry
[02:32.080 --> 02:35.300]  Pi in the sphere of amateur radio.
[02:35.640 --> 02:38.360]  So with that, let's jump right in.
[02:39.660 --> 02:46.200]  Now a typical desktop or laptop and computer generally includes the following components.
[02:46.580 --> 02:51.040]  A motherboard, which serves to interconnect the computer's various components.
[02:51.040 --> 02:55.800]  Random Access Memory, or RAM, also known simply as memory.
[02:56.360 --> 03:01.380]  A Central Processing Unit, or CPU, also just called the processor.
[03:02.940 --> 03:06.580]  A graphics card, or graphics processing unit.
[03:07.660 --> 03:10.020]  A hard drive for data storage.
[03:10.380 --> 03:12.460]  And a power supply.
[03:13.380 --> 03:19.980]  The pictures shown here for each of these components are showing what they may appear
[03:19.980 --> 03:21.900]  like in a desktop computer.
[03:22.160 --> 03:26.520]  While the same components used for laptop computers are usually more compact, the function
[03:26.520 --> 03:29.780]  for each of these components is still the same.
[03:30.260 --> 03:34.960]  As the name implies, a single board computer is a computer that has all of its essential
[03:34.960 --> 03:37.560]  components assembled onto one board.
[03:38.080 --> 03:42.580]  As noted in the explanation from Wikipedia, this usually includes, but is not limited
[03:42.580 --> 03:48.160]  to, a microprocessor, memory, and input-output connections.
[03:50.670 --> 03:57.090]  Because all of these components are built onto a single board, SBCs have several advantages
[03:57.910 --> 04:00.670]  over their desktop and laptop counterparts.
[04:01.490 --> 04:06.770]  First, modern single board computers are small and compact.
[04:06.990 --> 04:12.450]  Similarly, they are very lightweight, even when compared to the lightest laptop computers
[04:12.450 --> 04:13.910]  available today.
[04:14.070 --> 04:19.890]  Their small and lightweight nature makes SBCs great for portable and or space-constrained
[04:19.890 --> 04:21.110]  uses.
[04:22.370 --> 04:24.670]  SBCs are also very versatile.
[04:25.150 --> 04:29.250]  Because most SBCs run on Linux, they are very customizable.
[04:29.890 --> 04:36.490]  Many SBCs also include what are known as GPIO, or General Purpose Input-Output connections.
[04:36.690 --> 04:39.610]  I'll explain a little bit more about that later.
[04:40.070 --> 04:46.070]  GPIO pins can be very useful for amateur radio and electronics purposes and projects.
[04:47.790 --> 04:53.690]  Next, the use of smaller, low-power components on SBCs means that single board computer systems
[04:53.690 --> 04:56.730]  often require very little power to run.
[04:57.010 --> 05:03.070]  And finally, devices such as the Raspberry Pi have a large community of users that continue
[05:03.550 --> 05:04.730]  to grow.
[05:05.290 --> 05:09.370]  This means that there is a large group of people you can turn to for support with your
[05:09.370 --> 05:11.950]  projects or to get ideas from.
[05:12.280 --> 05:13.990]  Now let's be clear.
[05:14.290 --> 05:19.970]  Single board computers are great, however, they do have some disadvantages.
[05:21.760 --> 05:29.350]  Because SBCs are smaller and use small, low-power components, their processing power is limited
[05:29.350 --> 05:32.210]  compared to a desktop or laptop computer.
[05:32.450 --> 05:37.650]  However, this disadvantage has become less of a problem in recent years as the processing
[05:37.650 --> 05:41.010]  power of SBCs has increased noticeably.
[05:41.690 --> 05:46.650]  Another point that many may consider a disadvantage is the fact that single board computers typically
[05:46.650 --> 05:48.370]  cannot run Windows.
[05:48.650 --> 05:54.310]  Especially in amateur radio, there are many programs that can only run on Windows.
[05:54.310 --> 05:59.350]  However, I myself do not consider this a great disadvantage.
[06:00.270 --> 06:08.090]  The Windows operating system is great for home and office use where your Windows updates
[06:08.090 --> 06:10.950]  probably don't mess you up too much.
[06:11.660 --> 06:17.250]  In the end, Windows is not known for being the most stable operating system.
[06:17.750 --> 06:23.130]  And let me just say right now, SBCs are not built or intended for hardcore gaming use
[06:23.130 --> 06:23.850]  either.
[06:24.010 --> 06:27.030]  Yes, you can run Minecraft on a Raspberry Pi.
[06:27.030 --> 06:30.230]  You can also set up a Pi to run classic arcade games.
[06:30.850 --> 06:35.450]  Just don't expect to be playing Call of Duty or something similar on a Pi, as is typically
[06:35.450 --> 06:37.610]  done on a Windows desktop computer.
[06:38.690 --> 06:42.830]  Now that I've said that, some of you may go out there to prove me wrong, and that's perfectly
[06:42.830 --> 06:43.270]  fine.
[06:43.270 --> 06:44.670]  All the more power to you.
[06:44.690 --> 06:48.050]  I would love to see if you could run Call of Duty on a Raspberry Pi.
[06:48.250 --> 06:50.170]  However, I digress.
[06:50.170 --> 06:51.990]  That's not the point of this presentation.
[06:52.730 --> 06:58.890]  Hopefully, this simply gives you a good idea of what SBCs are great for, and what areas
[06:58.890 --> 07:02.690]  they aren't generally intended to be used in.
[07:04.910 --> 07:10.910]  After going through those advantages and disadvantages, we can begin to see why single-board computers
[07:10.910 --> 07:12.770]  are great for amateur radio.
[07:13.430 --> 07:19.690]  As digital modes continue to grow in use and popularity, we will see an increasing use
[07:19.690 --> 07:22.270]  of computer-connected radios.
[07:22.270 --> 07:29.750]  SBCs do great running digital modes, and as I mentioned earlier, are also great for interfacing
[07:29.750 --> 07:31.230]  with electronics.
[07:31.490 --> 07:36.390]  This could allow you to easily set up a push-to-talk circuit using an SBC.
[07:36.690 --> 07:39.050]  And that's just one simple example.
[07:39.390 --> 07:44.690]  Now even though Windows doesn't typically run on SBCs, almost anything you can do on
[07:44.790 --> 07:50.210]  a Windows computer for amateur radio can also be done on an SBC.
[07:51.130 --> 07:56.030]  Looking at the advantages listed in the previous slide, we can see that SBCs are great for
[07:56.030 --> 08:01.490]  portable operations, such as summits on the air and field day.
[08:01.830 --> 08:08.030]  And as I alluded to earlier, Linux is a great and very stable operating system.
[08:08.570 --> 08:13.810]  It's also open source, which means that you don't have to pay for the OS itself.
[08:16.660 --> 08:20.460]  Here are some quick examples of single-board computers that are available on the market
[08:20.460 --> 08:21.300]  today.
[08:21.300 --> 08:25.240]  Now the first I have already mentioned is the Raspberry Pi.
[08:25.920 --> 08:32.400]  The Raspberry Pi is probably, by far, the most well-known and popular single-board computer
[08:32.400 --> 08:34.100]  available right now.
[08:34.580 --> 08:36.880]  Next is the BeagleBone Black.
[08:37.160 --> 08:42.100]  The BeagleBone shares some features with the Raspberry Pi, but includes a different processor
[08:42.820 --> 08:46.040]  and GPIO setup, as you can see in that picture.
[08:46.860 --> 08:50.580]  The other example that I have shown here is the BananaPi.
[08:50.580 --> 08:56.280]  Now I honestly don't know too much about the BananaPi, but from what I've read, its design
[08:56.280 --> 09:00.600]  was partially inspired by the Raspberry Pi, as you can probably see in that picture.
[09:00.940 --> 09:04.640]  There are multiple other single-board computers out there that you can get.
[09:04.660 --> 09:09.320]  Feel free to look around and see what interests you and what fits your needs.
[09:10.600 --> 09:16.020]  Alright now that I have gone over and given a general explanation about single-board computers,
[09:16.800 --> 09:20.780]  I will be talking from here on out specifically about the Raspberry Pi.
[09:21.220 --> 09:26.540]  The original Raspberry Pi board was released in 2012 by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.
[09:27.460 --> 09:33.860]  As of the end of last year, 2019, over 30 million Raspberry Pi boards have been sold.
[09:34.140 --> 09:38.980]  Today, the Pi is available in three main form factors.
[09:39.000 --> 09:42.820]  The first and most popular is the full-sized Model B.
[09:42.820 --> 09:52.660]  The Model B includes four USB ports, an Ethernet port, GPIO header pins, an audio output, HDMI
[09:52.660 --> 10:00.460]  output or outputs, depending on the model, a display ribbon output, a camera ribbon connector,
[10:00.610 --> 10:02.740]  and a power input.
[10:03.450 --> 10:06.740]  The second form factor is known as the Model A.
[10:06.740 --> 10:14.860]  This model has one USB port, an HDMI output, a display ribbon output, GPIO pins, an audio
[10:14.860 --> 10:19.380]  port, a camera ribbon input, and a power connection.
[10:20.040 --> 10:29.900]  And last, the Pi Zero includes only GPIO headers, an HDMI output, USB connection, ribbon connection,
[10:29.900 --> 10:31.740]  and power input.
[10:32.140 --> 10:39.780]  The base Zero model does not include wireless capabilities, however the Zero W does.
[10:39.840 --> 10:46.200]  You can also buy versions of the Zero W with pins pre-soldered onto the GPIO headers to
[10:46.200 --> 10:49.180]  make it easier to do those connections.
[10:51.660 --> 10:56.600]  Now here is a table showing the different Raspberry Pi revisions and models that have
[10:56.600 --> 10:59.980]  been released since the first Raspberry Pi.
[11:00.260 --> 11:07.020]  The most popular models currently available are the Raspberry Pi 3B+, and the Raspberry
[11:07.020 --> 11:08.500]  Pi 4.
[11:08.880 --> 11:16.780]  The 4 is now available with 2, 4, or 8 gigabytes of RAM, even though this table doesn't show
[11:16.780 --> 11:18.580]  the 8 gigabyte model.
[11:20.080 --> 11:24.260]  The 3A+, typically sells for about $25.
[11:24.260 --> 11:30.640]  The 3B+, and the 4B 2 gigabyte models, both currently sell for $35.
[11:30.860 --> 11:35.900]  You can see the other prices that I have listed there on the right for the various models
[11:35.900 --> 11:36.960]  as well.
[11:37.300 --> 11:44.740]  Notice that the price increases about $20 for each successive increment of RAM if you're
[11:44.740 --> 11:47.000]  ordering the Raspberry Pi 4.
[11:49.500 --> 11:53.460]  To buy a Pi, I would recommend going to raspberrypi.org.
[11:53.460 --> 11:59.080]  The Raspberry Pi Foundation maintains a list of approved resellers on their website.
[11:59.520 --> 12:04.220]  I would recommend that you avoid buying from Amazon.com and other similar sites.
[12:04.600 --> 12:10.520]  Because of the popularity of the Raspberry Pi, sellers commonly try to buy stock from
[12:10.520 --> 12:14.180]  the approved resellers, and then resell it at a markup.
[12:14.840 --> 12:17.520]  I personally prefer to buy from Adafruit.
[12:17.520 --> 12:21.400]  However, any of these resellers shown here are great.
[12:21.400 --> 12:27.180]  Be aware that you can purchase the boards or computers alone, or in a kit.
[12:27.540 --> 12:31.740]  The kits are nice if you're just starting out, but they can be a little more expensive.
[12:33.340 --> 12:37.920]  Keep in mind that there are a couple components that you need to run your Pi, in addition
[12:37.920 --> 12:39.680]  to just the board itself.
[12:40.980 --> 12:43.520]  The first of those is an SD card.
[12:43.700 --> 12:46.740]  The SD card is essentially the hard drive of the Pi.
[12:47.100 --> 12:49.780]  It slides into a slot at the bottom of the board.
[12:50.820 --> 12:53.140]  The next is a power supply.
[12:53.560 --> 12:58.180]  With just a power supply and an SD card, you can run what is known as a headless Raspberry
[12:58.180 --> 12:59.180]  Pi setup.
[12:59.260 --> 13:03.320]  In other words, the Pi is not connected to any external displays.
[13:04.020 --> 13:06.960]  This is how I run most of my Pis.
[13:07.320 --> 13:11.080]  I have my Pis set up so that I can control them remotely over my home network.
[13:11.480 --> 13:16.660]  I also have the Raspberry Pi I use for portable operations set up to create its own wireless
[13:16.660 --> 13:19.640]  network when I am out of range of my home network.
[13:20.000 --> 13:26.680]  This allows me to connect to the Pi using any other wireless computer, tablet, or smartphone
[13:27.430 --> 13:31.500]  and remotely control the Raspberry Pi while I'm out operating.
[13:33.230 --> 13:38.440]  To start out, it is often nice to hook up your Pi to an HDMI display, a keyboard, and
[13:38.440 --> 13:39.320]  mouse.
[13:39.320 --> 13:44.300]  This can help you set it up and go through the initial configuration process.
[13:44.780 --> 13:48.100]  I also like having my Pis in a case.
[13:48.500 --> 13:53.620]  Now a case is not necessary, but it can help protect your Pi and the components on the
[13:53.620 --> 13:54.380]  board.
[13:55.520 --> 14:01.740]  Alright, now that we've gone over all of that, it's time to jump into setting up a Pi.
[14:02.400 --> 14:07.440]  To set up your Raspberry Pi, you will first need two things in addition to your laptop
[14:07.440 --> 14:08.880]  or desktop computer.
[14:08.880 --> 14:16.760]  First of those, as we mentioned earlier, is a micro SD card to set up and to install
[14:16.760 --> 14:18.040]  the OS on.
[14:18.180 --> 14:22.940]  The next thing you'll need for the SD card is an SD card reader of some sort that you
[14:22.940 --> 14:26.440]  can plug into your computer so you can set it up and image it that way.
[14:26.920 --> 14:32.020]  Once you have that plugged up into your computer, we'll then use one of two applications to
[14:32.020 --> 14:34.220]  format and image this card.
[14:36.560 --> 14:46.960]  On the computer, we can use, like I mentioned, one of two applications to image the SD card.
[14:47.960 --> 14:52.980]  The Raspberry Pi Foundation has recently released the Raspberry Pi Imager application, which
[14:52.980 --> 14:56.200]  makes it very easy to set up the SD card.
[14:56.560 --> 14:59.680]  First we need to choose the operating system version that we want.
[14:59.820 --> 15:05.500]  Now the one that they recommend currently is the Raspberry Pi OS with the desktop environment.
[15:05.500 --> 15:11.040]  This will simply install the full operating system on your SD card and will include the
[15:11.040 --> 15:15.080]  desktop environment so you can interact with the Pi just as you would any other desktop
[15:15.080 --> 15:17.980]  computer using a keyboard and mouse.
[15:18.480 --> 15:23.400]  There is other options that you can select here, such as Ubuntu, which is another type
[15:23.400 --> 15:28.160]  of Linux, RetroPie for retro gaming, and things like that.
[15:28.220 --> 15:34.280]  If you select Other Images for the Raspberry Pi OS, you can see that they have two other
[15:34.280 --> 15:35.340]  options here.
[15:35.340 --> 15:37.780]  The first is the Lite option.
[15:38.000 --> 15:45.140]  The Lite OS image installs the OS with a command line interface only, so no desktop interface
[15:45.140 --> 15:46.560]  will be included.
[15:47.900 --> 15:55.620]  The second one here is the Full OS, so that will install the full desktop operating system
[15:56.140 --> 16:01.580]  with a set of recommended applications, so you can have those applications already installed
[16:01.580 --> 16:04.360]  and ready to go for your first use.
[16:06.180 --> 16:10.280]  Once you select the operating system that you would like to use, for this example I'll
[16:10.280 --> 16:15.600]  go ahead and select the recommended one, you then choose your SD card, and then you click
[16:15.600 --> 16:16.560]  Write.
[16:16.560 --> 16:22.960]  It will download the operating system image from the internet and then write it to your
[16:22.960 --> 16:24.000]  SD card.
[16:25.460 --> 16:30.260]  The second application that you can use, which is no longer recommended, but I'm going to
[16:30.260 --> 16:35.620]  be using it today just for speed, is Bylena Etcher.
[16:37.130 --> 16:48.020]  This application, you simply select an image that you've already downloaded, I have mine
[16:48.020 --> 16:54.620]  here in OS Images, and I have the full image here to select.
[16:55.020 --> 17:03.000]  You then make sure it has your SD card selected there for the drive, and then you click Flash.
[17:04.760 --> 17:09.820]  Now this will take a little bit to flash or image the card, so I'll come back to you after
[17:09.820 --> 17:10.740]  it's done.
[17:14.200 --> 17:19.420]  Alright, Etcher is almost done flashing the image to our SD card.
[17:19.760 --> 17:25.020]  Now I didn't mention earlier, but I'm using Etcher right now because I already downloaded
[17:25.020 --> 17:30.160]  the image online, as you saw, and I found that Etcher can be a little bit faster if
[17:30.160 --> 17:31.240]  you do that.
[17:31.900 --> 17:37.160]  The Raspberry Pi imager does take a little bit longer, simply because it has to first
[17:37.160 --> 17:40.360]  download the image from the internet, like I mentioned earlier.
[17:40.640 --> 17:48.040]  I believe that once you have used the Raspberry Pi imager, once or twice, it will actually
[17:48.040 --> 17:50.900]  store that image somewhere on your computer.
[17:50.920 --> 17:55.440]  So if you use it sequentially multiple times, it will be faster in the future, and it will
[17:55.440 --> 17:59.560]  simply use that downloaded image to flash to your SD cards.
[17:59.560 --> 18:04.000]  Alright, Etcher is going to now take some time to validate the image that we just flashed
[18:04.000 --> 18:08.200]  to our card, so I'll come back right after that has finished.
[18:09.220 --> 18:16.120]  Etcher is about done validating the image that has been flashed to the SD card.
[18:16.120 --> 18:22.640]  While that's finishing up, let me show you really quick where you can download the Raspberry
[18:22.640 --> 18:26.320]  Pi OS images and the Raspberry Pi imager.
[18:26.660 --> 18:31.820]  If you just go to raspberrypi.org, all you have to do is come up and click on the Downloads
[18:31.820 --> 18:33.400]  page up here.
[18:33.460 --> 18:40.160]  You can then download the imager application for Windows, Mac, or Ubuntu Linux.
[18:40.440 --> 18:47.620]  You can also directly download the images for the OS by going down here and scrolling
[18:47.620 --> 18:48.580]  down.
[18:48.580 --> 18:51.180]  As we can see, the flash is now complete.
[18:53.240 --> 19:01.000]  Alright, now that that's done, at this point, you can remove the SD card from your computer,
[19:01.000 --> 19:04.800]  plug it into your Pi, and power up your Raspberry Pi.
[19:04.880 --> 19:10.900]  If you were to hook your Raspberry Pi up to a monitor, keyboard, and mouse to complete
[19:10.900 --> 19:12.120]  the rest of the setup.
[19:12.420 --> 19:19.920]  However, I am now going to continue on and set up my Raspberry Pi for a headless setup.
[19:21.840 --> 19:28.100]  Now, in my case here, I have to remove the SD card and put it back into my computer in
[19:28.100 --> 19:30.600]  order for the computer to load up the card again.
[19:30.800 --> 19:34.060]  So now that I'm done with Balana Etcher, I'll go ahead and close that out.
[19:34.300 --> 19:41.120]  And you can see here that I have a drive showing up in my USB drive E now.
[19:41.440 --> 19:47.940]  You can see all these files here are from the image that just got flashed to the card.
[19:48.300 --> 19:53.700]  What's going to happen is once we plug this into the Raspberry Pi, the first time the
[19:53.700 --> 19:59.380]  Pi boots up, it will take all these files and it will actually set up the OS.
[19:59.560 --> 20:06.860]  So the files you see here are not necessarily the same way they're going to show up once
[20:06.860 --> 20:10.220]  you have the OS set up and have run the Pi for the first time.
[20:10.600 --> 20:16.540]  The first thing I'm going to do here is I'm going to follow the instructions here on the
[20:16.540 --> 20:22.620]  raspberrypi.org documentation for setting up a Raspberry Pi headless.
[20:23.780 --> 20:27.780]  Now you can see the first things you want to do here is if you're going to connect to
[20:27.780 --> 20:33.220]  your Raspberry Pi with a wireless network, you need to set it up so it will connect to
[20:33.220 --> 20:34.160]  your network.
[20:34.600 --> 20:39.440]  If you're going to set it up and connect it with an Ethernet cable, you don't have to
[20:39.440 --> 20:40.800]  worry about this step here.
[20:40.800 --> 20:42.760]  But I'm going to go ahead and set this up.
[20:42.760 --> 20:48.200]  So what we want to do is we are going to set up what's called a WPA supplicant configuration
[20:48.200 --> 20:49.220]  file.
[20:49.860 --> 20:53.120]  The contents of that file are shown here.
[20:53.120 --> 20:59.740]  So I'm going to simply copy that and paste that over to my Notepad Plus document here.
[21:01.040 --> 21:05.580]  We need to first verify that the settings are correct here.
[21:05.820 --> 21:10.560]  So the first thing we'll check is to make sure that the country code is set.
[21:10.560 --> 21:13.700]  In my case, that will be US.
[21:15.080 --> 21:24.860]  You will then put in here the name of your network and whatever your password is for
[21:24.860 --> 21:28.860]  your network in the PSK spot.
[21:30.380 --> 21:42.320]  If your network is open and has no password, you can set that up by following the directions
[21:42.320 --> 21:45.560]  for unsecured networks shown here.
[21:45.560 --> 21:52.960]  So all you would do is put in key underscore MGMT equals none instead of having a password
[21:52.960 --> 21:54.640]  there in the file.
[21:57.040 --> 22:06.760]  So we're going to take that file and we're going to save that into our SD card there.
[22:06.760 --> 22:17.980]  And I'll make sure that that is named WPA underscore supplicant dot CONF.
[22:19.680 --> 22:21.080]  Save that there.
[22:21.220 --> 22:27.400]  And when the Pi boots up for the first time, it will detect that file and it will set up
[22:27.980 --> 22:29.600]  the wireless networking.
[22:29.620 --> 22:34.040]  Now you notice Windows changed it to .conf.txt.
[22:34.040 --> 22:35.680]  So I'm going to go in there.
[22:35.680 --> 22:41.160]  And I'm going to make sure that it's .conf and not .conf.txt.
[22:44.380 --> 22:48.460]  And yes, Windows is going to ask me if I want to do that, and I'm going to say yes.
[22:48.920 --> 22:55.760]  All right, the next thing that I'm going to do here is I'm going to create a new file
[22:55.760 --> 22:56.780]  in here.
[22:57.900 --> 23:04.000]  Just a text document, and I'm just going to call it SSH with no suffix.
[23:04.620 --> 23:06.700]  And I'm going to say yes.
[23:07.160 --> 23:16.480]  Now with that SSH file in there, that will enable the SSH interface the first time the
[23:16.480 --> 23:18.060]  Raspberry Pi boots up.
[23:18.380 --> 23:22.500]  SSH is simply a remote control interface that you can do over command line.
[23:22.760 --> 23:28.000]  And that's one thing that I use a lot with my Raspberry Pis that I'm remote controlling.
[23:28.500 --> 23:35.420]  So now that I have those two things set up, all that's left to do is to plug the SD card
[23:35.420 --> 23:38.880]  into the Pi and plug it into power.
[23:42.800 --> 23:47.180]  So what we'll do is we'll go ahead and grab our SD card, and we'll go ahead and put that
[23:47.180 --> 23:50.900]  in the SD card slot on the bottom of the Raspberry Pi.
[23:51.320 --> 23:56.480]  You just insert that straight in there until it goes in all the way.
[23:57.700 --> 23:59.100]  It's not really hard to put in.
[23:59.100 --> 24:03.540]  You won't feel a click, but just make sure it goes in all the way so it's connected properly.
[24:03.660 --> 24:09.060]  You'll then take your Raspberry Pi and hook it up to your power supply by hooking that
[24:09.060 --> 24:10.580]  into the power in slot.
[24:10.880 --> 24:16.260]  Now today, I'm simply going to be using a USB power bank to power my Pi as well for
[24:16.260 --> 24:17.580]  setup and demonstration.
[24:21.880 --> 24:27.460]  Alright once the Raspberry Pi has started up, you'll see the red light and green light
[24:27.460 --> 24:29.940]  start to flash on the Raspberry Pi itself.
[24:30.680 --> 24:34.920]  Give the Pi a minute or so to boot up and set up the OS.
[24:35.260 --> 24:42.400]  And then, to complete the setup for the headless portion of the tutorial right now, what I'm
[24:42.400 --> 24:46.100]  going to do is I'm going to go ahead and connect to the Pi using SSH.
[24:46.160 --> 24:50.240]  Now there's multiple programs you can use to do SSH.
[24:50.300 --> 24:54.640]  One of the popular ones is called PuTTY, P-U-T-T-Y.
[24:54.640 --> 24:59.580]  Go ahead and Google that and you can download that and use that for SSH.
[24:59.950 --> 25:06.580]  What I do is I use the Windows subsystem for Linux feature that's currently on Windows
[25:06.580 --> 25:07.340]  10.
[25:07.340 --> 25:14.380]  So I'm going to go ahead and pull up my Ubuntu installation and all you have to do in this
[25:14.380 --> 25:23.320]  case is just type in ssh pi at and then the IP address of your Pi on your network.
[25:23.320 --> 25:28.360]  You'll have to figure that out, what IP address your Pi connected with.
[25:29.040 --> 25:33.500]  I'm going to go ahead and hit enter here and the first time I connect to this host it's
[25:33.500 --> 25:36.760]  saying that the authenticity of the host cannot be established.
[25:36.940 --> 25:40.140]  Well that's fine because this is the first time I'm connecting to the host after it's
[25:40.140 --> 25:40.780]  been set up.
[25:40.780 --> 25:43.340]  So I'm just going to say yes, that's fine.
[25:43.620 --> 25:45.600]  Now it's going to ask me for the password.
[25:46.000 --> 25:50.340]  Now notice that Pi I put in is the default username.
[25:50.720 --> 25:55.660]  And the default password for the Raspberry Pi is simply raspberry.
[25:57.720 --> 26:03.540]  So I type that in and apparently I did not type it correctly.
[26:06.540 --> 26:08.360]  Let's see if I... there we go.
[26:08.460 --> 26:15.120]  So once you're in and connected correctly you'll see the prompt there to change your
[26:15.120 --> 26:15.960]  password.
[26:15.980 --> 26:18.960]  You'll want to do that if you're leaving your Pi connected at all.
[26:18.960 --> 26:25.620]  What I'm going to do here is I'm going to enter raspi underscore config.
[26:29.180 --> 26:31.540]  And I'm going to have to look at the command now.
[26:33.620 --> 26:39.200]  So what I want to do is I'm going to set up here some interfaces.
[26:39.760 --> 26:44.780]  And I want to set up primarily VNC so I can remote control this Pi graphically.
[26:45.280 --> 26:51.160]  So what I want is enabling this option at the command line.
[26:51.160 --> 26:53.860]  Oh, and I wanted a dash, not an underscore.
[26:53.860 --> 26:55.220]  So I was pretty close.
[26:56.360 --> 27:00.640]  But I'm just going to do dash and that will bring up this.
[27:00.740 --> 27:04.220]  It's telling me I need to do it as a root or basically as an admin user.
[27:04.220 --> 27:10.180]  So I just need to do sudo as pi config.
[27:13.040 --> 27:18.640]  All right, now that this has come up, you can use the keyboard here to navigate through
[27:18.640 --> 27:19.200]  this menu.
[27:19.200 --> 27:27.160]  I'm just going to do down arrow, two interfacing options, and I'm going to go over arrow, right
[27:27.160 --> 27:29.400]  to select, and I'm going to hit enter.
[27:30.140 --> 27:33.420]  And then I'm going to say VNC.
[27:33.420 --> 27:39.860]  I want to select and I want to enable the VNC server.
[27:40.280 --> 27:42.060]  It's now telling me that that's enabled.
[27:42.780 --> 27:46.000]  And that should be the only thing that I have to do right now.
[27:46.180 --> 27:50.760]  You can enable the other interfaces or explore the options right here that you have.
[27:51.920 --> 27:58.040]  So what I'm going to do is I'm just going to do now go over over to finish and hit finish.
[27:58.160 --> 28:04.320]  And now I'm going to do sudo reboot to restart the Pi.
[28:05.420 --> 28:09.320]  It will close the SSH connection and it will reboot the Pi.
[28:09.980 --> 28:14.400]  What we're going to do now is we will wait for the Pi to reboot so we can now connect
[28:14.400 --> 28:16.660]  with it with VNC.
[28:17.500 --> 28:23.920]  VNC is automatically installed on the Raspbian or the Raspberry Pi operating system.
[28:24.060 --> 28:26.620]  Like we just saw, I just enabled the server.
[28:26.620 --> 28:34.900]  So what you want to do is you can download the VNC viewer for your computer.
[28:36.580 --> 28:43.580]  It's available for Windows, Mac, Linux, and there's also applications available for iOS
[28:43.580 --> 28:44.780]  and Android.
[28:44.880 --> 28:48.280]  So you can use those devices to remote control your Raspberry Pi as well.
[28:48.440 --> 28:52.180]  Once you download that and install it, you can then connect to your Raspberry Pi.
[28:52.720 --> 29:00.700]  So I'm going to pull up VNC viewer and these are a few of my devices here that I often
[29:00.700 --> 29:01.760]  connect to.
[29:02.800 --> 29:04.880]  Mine is 0.36.
[29:04.880 --> 29:09.840]  Now since I have reinstalled the operating system on my Raspberry Pi, its catchphrase
[29:09.840 --> 29:11.520]  and signature have changed.
[29:11.540 --> 29:16.600]  So that's why it's alerting me here to this identity check failure.
[29:17.060 --> 29:20.040]  I already know about that so I'm just going to click continue and I'm going to put in
[29:20.040 --> 29:25.440]  the same password, raspberry, and connect to it.
[29:26.240 --> 29:27.480]  There we go.
[29:28.040 --> 29:31.060]  Alright, now it's going to give us a couple of warnings because we haven't changed the
[29:31.060 --> 29:31.660]  password.
[29:31.660 --> 29:32.580]  That's fine.
[29:32.900 --> 29:40.040]  So the last thing that I'm going to go through right now is just show you this wizard that
[29:40.040 --> 29:41.580]  helps you set up the Raspberry Pi.
[29:41.580 --> 29:45.920]  It simply goes through and this is the graphical way that you can set up your Raspberry Pi.
[29:49.030 --> 29:51.890]  First of all, make sure you've set up your country.
[29:52.450 --> 29:55.910]  That's the thing that we set up earlier when we set up the wireless configuration.
[29:58.490 --> 30:01.570]  Alright now it gives you an opportunity to change the password.
[30:02.390 --> 30:05.030]  You would enter your new password here and confirm it.
[30:05.650 --> 30:08.490]  I'm not going to worry about that right now but that's something I definitely encourage
[30:08.490 --> 30:09.230]  you to do.
[30:10.470 --> 30:14.810]  This gives you the opportunity here if you're using a monitor to make sure that the screen
[30:14.810 --> 30:16.470]  is set up properly.
[30:16.970 --> 30:19.030]  I'm not going to worry about that right now.
[30:19.610 --> 30:23.350]  And then here is where you can set up your wireless networks if you haven't already.
[30:23.470 --> 30:25.010]  So I'm going to go ahead and skip that.
[30:25.270 --> 30:32.110]  And then finally, it gives you a prompt to update the system software and I would recommend
[30:32.110 --> 30:35.970]  you do that at the end of your setup here just to make sure that everything is up to
[30:35.970 --> 30:39.210]  date even though we just barely installed the operating system.
[30:39.250 --> 30:42.850]  So most everything should be up to date but it's a good idea to check that.
[30:43.890 --> 30:48.450]  The very last thing that I will do here is you can notice that the screen size for the
[30:48.450 --> 30:50.930]  VNC viewer is a little small here.
[30:51.010 --> 30:56.370]  What I'm going to go ahead and do is we can change that by going into the preferences
[30:57.130 --> 31:00.250]  and into Raspberry Pi configuration.
[31:00.610 --> 31:09.810]  If we go into display and set resolution, we can then make the VNC server emulate a
[31:09.810 --> 31:10.850]  larger display.
[31:10.850 --> 31:20.050]  So I'm going to just select 1280x720 and we'll go ahead and make sure that that is confirmed.
[31:20.090 --> 31:21.490]  Can I get down to the...
[31:21.490 --> 31:24.750]  Hopefully if I just close it, okay.
[31:24.750 --> 31:29.170]  So it is going to confirm the settings there and it's just going to reboot the Pi.
[31:29.370 --> 31:35.670]  So what will happen is the VNC viewer here will wait for the Pi to reboot and it will
[31:35.670 --> 31:36.450]  reconnect.
[31:36.670 --> 31:37.490]  And here we are.
[31:37.490 --> 31:39.030]  We have a slightly larger screen.
[31:39.030 --> 31:42.710]  So you can set that resolution to whatever fits your setup and needs.
[31:44.870 --> 31:49.990]  Now that we have set up a Raspberry Pi, it's up to you to explore and figure out just what
[31:49.990 --> 31:52.570]  you can do with a Raspberry Pi.
[31:53.030 --> 31:58.510]  Pis are great for use in emergency communications and can enable effective communications for
[31:58.510 --> 32:01.410]  Ares and Skywarn groups.
[32:01.870 --> 32:06.670]  Using a software TNC such as Direwolf makes it really easy to hook a sound card up to
[32:06.670 --> 32:12.730]  the Pi and your radio for things such as Winlink and APRS.
[32:12.970 --> 32:22.090]  Other digital applications such as JSA Call and WSJTX work great on the Pi.
[32:22.470 --> 32:26.990]  You can even hook your Raspberry Pi up to a software-defined radio device to expand
[32:26.990 --> 32:28.970]  the capabilities of your setup.
[32:29.470 --> 32:34.310]  These are just a few examples of what you can do with a Raspberry Pi.
[32:34.310 --> 32:37.670]  And honestly, the sky is the limit.
[32:39.590 --> 32:44.790]  Now I'm going to show you my setup and how I use my Raspberry Pi in amateur radio while
[32:44.790 --> 32:46.190]  I am out operating.
[32:48.390 --> 32:51.410]  So this is my portable setup as I currently have it.
[32:51.470 --> 32:58.550]  Here I have a Kenwood TM-V71 interfaced with my Raspberry Pi 3B+.
[32:59.330 --> 33:06.790]  The Raspberry Pi is hooked to a sound card and an RT-Systems control or programming cable,
[33:06.790 --> 33:10.770]  which are both then hooked into the back of the TM-V71 here.
[33:11.090 --> 33:17.190]  The Raspberry Pi is also hooked up to a 12V to 5V power converter.
[33:18.210 --> 33:23.650]  If you don't want to hook your Raspberry Pi into your 12V battery system, you can also
[33:23.650 --> 33:28.610]  consider using a USB power bank, as I mentioned earlier.
[33:29.130 --> 33:35.590]  A power bank such as this will power your Pi for quite a few hours out in portable operations.
[33:37.910 --> 33:43.610]  Now I'm going to give you a close-up of how this setup is currently arranged.
[33:44.490 --> 33:49.250]  So here is the USB sound card that I mentioned that's currently hooked up to the Pi.
[33:49.930 --> 33:56.070]  Typically you want to use a USB or external sound card because the Raspberry Pi only has an audio out.
[33:56.070 --> 33:58.590]  It does not have a microphone input port.
[33:58.650 --> 34:04.270]  I also have my RT-Systems cable that I mentioned here hooked into one of the other USB ports.
[34:04.370 --> 34:09.550]  You'll notice here is a GPS receiver hooked up to the Pi.
[34:09.550 --> 34:16.790]  This GPS receiver is not only receiving the position of the Raspberry Pi system,
[34:16.790 --> 34:22.370]  but it also is able to sync up the time, the system time, with GPS time.
[34:22.370 --> 34:28.850]  For data modes such as JSA Call and FT8 that require fairly precise timing.
[34:29.130 --> 34:36.790]  This GPS receiver is simply the same as this GPS GLONASS UBLOX 7 receiver here.
[34:36.790 --> 34:45.150]  I've simply taken off the plastic casing off the outside so that this would fit with my other USB connections there on the Pi.
[34:47.310 --> 34:58.290]  Currently the Raspberry Pi is creating a hotspot or wireless network that I can connect to it using an iPad or another tablet or even a laptop.
[34:58.610 --> 35:05.730]  Typically I use my iPad here to connect to the Raspberry Pi and control it wirelessly using the VNC app.
[35:05.730 --> 35:12.450]  It's also handy if you want to have a wireless keyboard attached to your tablet or use the keyboard on a laptop.
[35:12.450 --> 35:15.910]  And that makes typing much easier than trying to use an on-screen keyboard.
[35:20.070 --> 35:31.090]  So now that I've shown you the physical setup of my Raspberry Pi portable radio box, let me show you some of the software that I have installed on my Raspberry Pi.
[35:31.170 --> 35:34.350]  First thing you can see here on the desktop is DireWolf.
[35:34.370 --> 35:40.930]  DireWolf is a software TNC application that is currently interfaced with the USB sound card that I showed you earlier.
[35:40.930 --> 35:50.070]  You can see it currently decoding APRS packets in real time because I have my radio currently tuned to the APRS frequency.
[35:51.450 --> 36:01.010]  DireWolf is also currently interfaced with LIN-BPQ, which is creating and providing a WinLink gateway.
[36:01.510 --> 36:08.230]  Other stations could connect to my gateway and send and receive email over the WinLink service.
[36:08.230 --> 36:15.910]  That WinLink gateway is managed by going to the local website created by LIN-BPQ.
[36:16.090 --> 36:28.490]  This is a nice feature that many of these applications, these portable applications and digital applications do, is create a webpage service that you can access not only from the Raspberry Pi,
[36:28.830 --> 36:34.330]  but you can access from any computer that's connected to the Raspberry Pi wirelessly, such as my iPad tablet.
[36:35.190 --> 36:39.030]  LIN-BPQ hosts its website at port 8080.
[36:39.030 --> 36:46.690]  And so this is a configuration page that I go to in order to manage my WinLink gateway and BPQ node.
[36:47.330 --> 36:52.310]  Another application that I have installed on my Raspberry Pi is PAT.
[36:52.350 --> 36:55.790]  Now PAT is a WinLink client.
[36:55.990 --> 37:03.330]  So if I go here to port 5000, I will pull up my PAT web UI.
[37:05.010 --> 37:12.590]  PAT can also connect to Direwolf to use my sound card TNC to send and receive messages.
[37:12.590 --> 37:25.430]  This has a simple interface, just an inbox, your app box, your sent messages, an archive, and the action menu where you can compose messages and position updates.
[37:26.770 --> 37:35.410]  Alright, in addition to those two applications that I have for WinLink, I have a variety of other applications currently installed on my Raspberry Pi.
[37:35.810 --> 37:40.530]  These are all organized under the ham radio submenu here.
[37:41.510 --> 37:45.710]  Some of these include Chirp for programming radios.
[37:46.610 --> 37:49.530]  CQRLog, which is a logging program.
[37:49.930 --> 37:52.690]  Direwolf, once again, is the sound card TNC.
[37:52.690 --> 38:01.050]  I have FLdigi and FLrig for rig control and some digital sound card modes.
[38:01.050 --> 38:07.150]  You can also see here JSA Call and WSJTX.
[38:07.230 --> 38:12.450]  Additionally, I have Zaster and YAC for APRS clients.
[38:12.570 --> 38:19.890]  And I have a couple additional tools here installed that help me manage the software and update the software.
[38:19.890 --> 38:27.690]  Such as PapMenu, PiAPRS, and other things that have been developed by Jason, KM4AK.
[38:28.850 --> 38:35.250]  These programs are really useful on VHF, UHF, and HF.
[38:35.250 --> 38:44.890]  And you can interface your single Raspberry Pi to both a VHF radio and an HF radio simply using multiple sound card interfaces.
[38:44.890 --> 38:49.950]  Alright, so you're probably wondering now, where do I start?
[38:50.810 --> 38:53.190]  Here are a few of my suggestions.
[38:53.350 --> 38:56.250]  First, check out raspberrypi.org.
[38:56.450 --> 39:03.350]  There are many tutorials there and elsewhere online of projects you can do using the Raspberry Pi.
[39:03.390 --> 39:06.290]  Next, check out YouTube.
[39:06.290 --> 39:16.750]  KM4AK, Jason, and OH8STN, Julian, both have great channels on YouTube that I follow.
[39:16.990 --> 39:20.970]  They both do some great things with their radios using the Raspberry Pi.
[39:21.750 --> 39:26.910]  I would also suggest you take some time to decide what you would like to explore.
[39:27.370 --> 39:32.390]  There is a lot that you can do with the Raspberry Pi and other single board computers.
[39:32.390 --> 39:37.270]  Identify where you'd like to start first and go slow.
[39:37.310 --> 39:39.650]  Don't burn yourself out.
[39:39.810 --> 39:50.290]  Finally, put some effort into identifying your communications needs and how single board computers can empower your amateur radio setup.
[39:50.970 --> 39:54.610]  Well, thank you very much for tuning in today.
[39:54.650 --> 39:59.550]  I will be available to answer your questions in the designated channel.
[40:05.430 --> 40:09.410]  Hello, thanks for joining us. Thanks for that great presentation.
[40:09.410 --> 40:15.870]  If folks have questions, you can throw them either on Twitch or on the HRV Presentation Tech channel.
[40:16.910 --> 40:24.450]  We actually have one. I'm curious, what's your wish list for the Raspberry Pi 5, whatever, right?
[40:24.450 --> 40:27.670]  What would you love to see in there that we don't have today?
[40:30.250 --> 40:31.750]  Interesting question.
[40:31.750 --> 40:42.850]  I say that's interesting because the Raspberry Pi 4 has actually been a pretty good model so far that I can't think of anything I would necessarily add to it off the top of my head.
[40:43.130 --> 40:50.950]  I mean, obviously, it's always good to increase the processor capability, and I think they're incrementally doing that.
[40:50.950 --> 41:02.190]  And so as we see the capabilities of these processors on the Raspberry Pis, that will continue to increase what we can do with these single board computers.
[41:03.170 --> 41:09.810]  I will mention with the 4, since they added the two USB 3.0 ports, that was a really nice addition.
[41:09.810 --> 41:14.190]  So I guess one thing that I would like to see is maybe all four ports USB 3.0.
[41:15.790 --> 41:19.410]  And that's really the only thing I can think of right now.
[41:21.410 --> 41:27.310]  Okay, I'm curious. Do you know, is the power consumption on the 4 much higher than the 3, or is it about the same?
[41:27.590 --> 41:30.530]  Correct, because they switched to USB-C power, right, on that?
[41:31.730 --> 41:37.130]  Yeah, they switched to the USB-C power because there was a slight increase in the power consumption.
[41:37.450 --> 41:43.370]  I think the 3B+, at max power, would use about 2.5 amps.
[41:43.730 --> 41:47.310]  And the 3 can draw up to 3 amps, is my understanding.
[41:48.010 --> 41:52.210]  But a lot of that will actually go to if you have USB devices hooked up to it.
[41:52.210 --> 41:55.830]  A lot of the power draw comes from those USB devices.
[41:55.850 --> 42:00.310]  So that's just something to keep in mind if you're connecting devices that require a lot of power.
[42:00.310 --> 42:04.490]  Sometimes it's better to hook them up to an external hub that you can then power that way.
[42:06.110 --> 42:12.910]  Cool. Related to that power, we had a question about how long can you run the Pi using a battery bank on a standard day?
[42:15.070 --> 42:26.450]  So the battery bank that I showed in the presentation, that one can run it for upwards of at least, I would guess, 6 or 7 hours.
[42:26.930 --> 42:32.910]  And a lot of the portable battery banks that you get for charging your phone, if you get upwards of...
[42:33.430 --> 42:37.850]  there's some 20,000 mAh packs and stuff, and those are the ones that I have.
[42:38.430 --> 42:48.810]  But then, of course, if you just power it off your 12V battery, you can run for probably days off a 12V battery.
[42:48.830 --> 42:57.430]  Something like an 18Ah battery, a 12V battery that you're going to connect to a 5V converter, will give you operation for days just on the Raspberry Pi.
[42:59.890 --> 43:06.530]  Great, thanks. We get a couple questions around, do you have a preferred SDR or do you use USB SDRs?
[43:06.530 --> 43:09.910]  And what are your favorite SDR-based activities, if so?
[43:12.010 --> 43:18.590]  Yeah, so as far as SDR goes, the only SDR device I've used is the RTL-SDR, and I've done a little bit with that.
[43:18.590 --> 43:24.030]  I haven't done too much on the Pi, but that's the one I've played around with.
[43:24.030 --> 43:37.950]  What I would really like to do is set up a receive-only iGate for EPRS using an SDR, and that's just a really cheap and pretty easy method to set it up that way with an SDR.
[43:37.950 --> 43:49.170]  Instead of just taking up a full other ham rig, you can dedicate that to just sit in your house and receive EPRS packets in your local area.
[43:49.170 --> 43:58.010]  So yeah, as far as SDR, I've used only the RTL-SDR, and I'm really right now playing around more with how to use that on the Raspberry Pi.
[43:58.170 --> 44:05.490]  In general, on the computer, when I've just hooked it up to my laptop or PC, I've just been listening to voice traffic locally.
[44:05.550 --> 44:09.170]  So that's as far as I've gotten with SDR so far.
[44:11.790 --> 44:22.050]  Great, thanks. That's all the questions we had in chat. If you have any further questions, feel free to just hop in the village and ask away, and I'm sure I can get you there.
[44:22.050 --> 44:27.430]  I want to thank you for giving that great talk, and hopefully everyone enjoys the rest of DEF CON Safe Mode.
[44:28.130 --> 44:29.630]  Yeah, thanks for tuning in.
[45:01.780 --> 45:04.460]  Transcribed by https://otter.ai