WEBVTT 01:05.740 --> 01:08.860 Call sign KI7ODK. 01:08.980 --> 01:12.840 Before I begin, I would like to briefly introduce myself. 01:13.320 --> 01:18.300 I have been an amateur radio operator since 2017, and currently hold a U.S. 01:18.300 --> 01:20.020 general class license. 01:20.420 --> 01:26.420 I am an aerospace engineer by profession, and I'm just about to receive my master's degree in that same field. 01:26.420 --> 01:35.420 Some of my interests related to amateur radio and engineering are emergency preparedness, computer hardware and programming, and computer networking. 01:36.080 --> 01:45.200 Today, I will be presenting about single-board computers, or SBCs, and their use in amateur radio. 01:45.220 --> 01:50.600 For those who are not familiar with SBCs, I will first go over what an SBC is. 01:50.600 --> 01:54.300 We will then look into some of the advantages of SBCs. 01:54.700 --> 02:03.600 The majority of my experience with single-board computers has dealt with the Raspberry Pi, so I will be focusing my presentation today on the Raspberry Pi. 02:03.660 --> 02:15.120 However, the Pi, as it is also known, is not the only SBC out there, so I will also be showing a couple other options that you can look into if you're interested. 02:15.460 --> 02:35.300 My plan today is to dedicate most of my presentation to introducing the Raspberry Pi, showing you the various models of the Pi that are available, walk you through how to set up the Raspberry Pi OS, and then show you just some of the many things that you can do using a Raspberry Pi in the sphere of amateur radio. 02:35.640 --> 02:38.360 So with that, let's jump right in. 02:39.660 --> 02:46.200 Now a typical desktop or laptop and computer generally includes the following components. 02:46.580 --> 02:51.040 A motherboard, which serves to interconnect the computer's various components. 02:51.040 --> 02:55.800 Random Access Memory, or RAM, also known simply as memory. 02:56.360 --> 03:01.380 A Central Processing Unit, or CPU, also just called the processor. 03:02.940 --> 03:06.580 A graphics card, or graphics processing unit. 03:07.660 --> 03:10.020 A hard drive for data storage. 03:10.380 --> 03:12.460 And a power supply. 03:13.380 --> 03:21.900 The pictures shown here for each of these components are showing what they may appear like in a desktop computer. 03:22.160 --> 03:29.780 While the same components used for laptop computers are usually more compact, the function for each of these components is still the same. 03:30.260 --> 03:37.560 As the name implies, a single board computer is a computer that has all of its essential components assembled onto one board. 03:38.080 --> 03:48.160 As noted in the explanation from Wikipedia, this usually includes, but is not limited to, a microprocessor, memory, and input-output connections. 03:50.670 --> 04:00.670 Because all of these components are built onto a single board, SBCs have several advantages over their desktop and laptop counterparts. 04:01.490 --> 04:06.770 First, modern single board computers are small and compact. 04:06.990 --> 04:13.910 Similarly, they are very lightweight, even when compared to the lightest laptop computers available today. 04:14.070 --> 04:21.110 Their small and lightweight nature makes SBCs great for portable and or space-constrained uses. 04:22.370 --> 04:24.670 SBCs are also very versatile. 04:25.150 --> 04:29.250 Because most SBCs run on Linux, they are very customizable. 04:29.890 --> 04:36.490 Many SBCs also include what are known as GPIO, or General Purpose Input-Output connections. 04:36.690 --> 04:39.610 I'll explain a little bit more about that later. 04:40.070 --> 04:46.070 GPIO pins can be very useful for amateur radio and electronics purposes and projects. 04:47.790 --> 04:56.730 Next, the use of smaller, low-power components on SBCs means that single board computer systems often require very little power to run. 04:57.010 --> 05:04.730 And finally, devices such as the Raspberry Pi have a large community of users that continue to grow. 05:05.290 --> 05:11.950 This means that there is a large group of people you can turn to for support with your projects or to get ideas from. 05:12.280 --> 05:13.990 Now let's be clear. 05:14.290 --> 05:19.970 Single board computers are great, however, they do have some disadvantages. 05:21.760 --> 05:32.210 Because SBCs are smaller and use small, low-power components, their processing power is limited compared to a desktop or laptop computer. 05:32.450 --> 05:41.010 However, this disadvantage has become less of a problem in recent years as the processing power of SBCs has increased noticeably. 05:41.690 --> 05:48.370 Another point that many may consider a disadvantage is the fact that single board computers typically cannot run Windows. 05:48.650 --> 05:54.310 Especially in amateur radio, there are many programs that can only run on Windows. 05:54.310 --> 05:59.350 However, I myself do not consider this a great disadvantage. 06:00.270 --> 06:10.950 The Windows operating system is great for home and office use where your Windows updates probably don't mess you up too much. 06:11.660 --> 06:17.250 In the end, Windows is not known for being the most stable operating system. 06:17.750 --> 06:23.850 And let me just say right now, SBCs are not built or intended for hardcore gaming use either. 06:24.010 --> 06:27.030 Yes, you can run Minecraft on a Raspberry Pi. 06:27.030 --> 06:30.230 You can also set up a Pi to run classic arcade games. 06:30.850 --> 06:37.610 Just don't expect to be playing Call of Duty or something similar on a Pi, as is typically done on a Windows desktop computer. 06:38.690 --> 06:43.270 Now that I've said that, some of you may go out there to prove me wrong, and that's perfectly fine. 06:43.270 --> 06:44.670 All the more power to you. 06:44.690 --> 06:48.050 I would love to see if you could run Call of Duty on a Raspberry Pi. 06:48.250 --> 06:50.170 However, I digress. 06:50.170 --> 06:51.990 That's not the point of this presentation. 06:52.730 --> 07:02.690 Hopefully, this simply gives you a good idea of what SBCs are great for, and what areas they aren't generally intended to be used in. 07:04.910 --> 07:12.770 After going through those advantages and disadvantages, we can begin to see why single-board computers are great for amateur radio. 07:13.430 --> 07:22.270 As digital modes continue to grow in use and popularity, we will see an increasing use of computer-connected radios. 07:22.270 --> 07:31.230 SBCs do great running digital modes, and as I mentioned earlier, are also great for interfacing with electronics. 07:31.490 --> 07:36.390 This could allow you to easily set up a push-to-talk circuit using an SBC. 07:36.690 --> 07:39.050 And that's just one simple example. 07:39.390 --> 07:50.210 Now even though Windows doesn't typically run on SBCs, almost anything you can do on a Windows computer for amateur radio can also be done on an SBC. 07:51.130 --> 08:01.490 Looking at the advantages listed in the previous slide, we can see that SBCs are great for portable operations, such as summits on the air and field day. 08:01.830 --> 08:08.030 And as I alluded to earlier, Linux is a great and very stable operating system. 08:08.570 --> 08:13.810 It's also open source, which means that you don't have to pay for the OS itself. 08:16.660 --> 08:21.300 Here are some quick examples of single-board computers that are available on the market today. 08:21.300 --> 08:25.240 Now the first I have already mentioned is the Raspberry Pi. 08:25.920 --> 08:34.100 The Raspberry Pi is probably, by far, the most well-known and popular single-board computer available right now. 08:34.580 --> 08:36.880 Next is the BeagleBone Black. 08:37.160 --> 08:46.040 The BeagleBone shares some features with the Raspberry Pi, but includes a different processor and GPIO setup, as you can see in that picture. 08:46.860 --> 08:50.580 The other example that I have shown here is the BananaPi. 08:50.580 --> 09:00.600 Now I honestly don't know too much about the BananaPi, but from what I've read, its design was partially inspired by the Raspberry Pi, as you can probably see in that picture. 09:00.940 --> 09:04.640 There are multiple other single-board computers out there that you can get. 09:04.660 --> 09:09.320 Feel free to look around and see what interests you and what fits your needs. 09:10.600 --> 09:20.780 Alright now that I have gone over and given a general explanation about single-board computers, I will be talking from here on out specifically about the Raspberry Pi. 09:21.220 --> 09:26.540 The original Raspberry Pi board was released in 2012 by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. 09:27.460 --> 09:33.860 As of the end of last year, 2019, over 30 million Raspberry Pi boards have been sold. 09:34.140 --> 09:38.980 Today, the Pi is available in three main form factors. 09:39.000 --> 09:42.820 The first and most popular is the full-sized Model B. 09:42.820 --> 10:02.740 The Model B includes four USB ports, an Ethernet port, GPIO header pins, an audio output, HDMI output or outputs, depending on the model, a display ribbon output, a camera ribbon connector, and a power input. 10:03.450 --> 10:06.740 The second form factor is known as the Model A. 10:06.740 --> 10:19.380 This model has one USB port, an HDMI output, a display ribbon output, GPIO pins, an audio port, a camera ribbon input, and a power connection. 10:20.040 --> 10:31.740 And last, the Pi Zero includes only GPIO headers, an HDMI output, USB connection, ribbon connection, and power input. 10:32.140 --> 10:39.780 The base Zero model does not include wireless capabilities, however the Zero W does. 10:39.840 --> 10:49.180 You can also buy versions of the Zero W with pins pre-soldered onto the GPIO headers to make it easier to do those connections. 10:51.660 --> 10:59.980 Now here is a table showing the different Raspberry Pi revisions and models that have been released since the first Raspberry Pi. 11:00.260 --> 11:08.500 The most popular models currently available are the Raspberry Pi 3B+, and the Raspberry Pi 4. 11:08.880 --> 11:18.580 The 4 is now available with 2, 4, or 8 gigabytes of RAM, even though this table doesn't show the 8 gigabyte model. 11:20.080 --> 11:24.260 The 3A+, typically sells for about $25. 11:24.260 --> 11:30.640 The 3B+, and the 4B 2 gigabyte models, both currently sell for $35. 11:30.860 --> 11:36.960 You can see the other prices that I have listed there on the right for the various models as well. 11:37.300 --> 11:47.000 Notice that the price increases about $20 for each successive increment of RAM if you're ordering the Raspberry Pi 4. 11:49.500 --> 11:53.460 To buy a Pi, I would recommend going to raspberrypi.org. 11:53.460 --> 11:59.080 The Raspberry Pi Foundation maintains a list of approved resellers on their website. 11:59.520 --> 12:04.220 I would recommend that you avoid buying from Amazon.com and other similar sites. 12:04.600 --> 12:14.180 Because of the popularity of the Raspberry Pi, sellers commonly try to buy stock from the approved resellers, and then resell it at a markup. 12:14.840 --> 12:17.520 I personally prefer to buy from Adafruit. 12:17.520 --> 12:21.400 However, any of these resellers shown here are great. 12:21.400 --> 12:27.180 Be aware that you can purchase the boards or computers alone, or in a kit. 12:27.540 --> 12:31.740 The kits are nice if you're just starting out, but they can be a little more expensive. 12:33.340 --> 12:39.680 Keep in mind that there are a couple components that you need to run your Pi, in addition to just the board itself. 12:40.980 --> 12:43.520 The first of those is an SD card. 12:43.700 --> 12:46.740 The SD card is essentially the hard drive of the Pi. 12:47.100 --> 12:49.780 It slides into a slot at the bottom of the board. 12:50.820 --> 12:53.140 The next is a power supply. 12:53.560 --> 12:59.180 With just a power supply and an SD card, you can run what is known as a headless Raspberry Pi setup. 12:59.260 --> 13:03.320 In other words, the Pi is not connected to any external displays. 13:04.020 --> 13:06.960 This is how I run most of my Pis. 13:07.320 --> 13:11.080 I have my Pis set up so that I can control them remotely over my home network. 13:11.480 --> 13:19.640 I also have the Raspberry Pi I use for portable operations set up to create its own wireless network when I am out of range of my home network. 13:20.000 --> 13:31.500 This allows me to connect to the Pi using any other wireless computer, tablet, or smartphone and remotely control the Raspberry Pi while I'm out operating. 13:33.230 --> 13:39.320 To start out, it is often nice to hook up your Pi to an HDMI display, a keyboard, and mouse. 13:39.320 --> 13:44.300 This can help you set it up and go through the initial configuration process. 13:44.780 --> 13:48.100 I also like having my Pis in a case. 13:48.500 --> 13:54.380 Now a case is not necessary, but it can help protect your Pi and the components on the board. 13:55.520 --> 14:01.740 Alright, now that we've gone over all of that, it's time to jump into setting up a Pi. 14:02.400 --> 14:08.880 To set up your Raspberry Pi, you will first need two things in addition to your laptop or desktop computer. 14:08.880 --> 14:18.040 First of those, as we mentioned earlier, is a micro SD card to set up and to install the OS on. 14:18.180 --> 14:26.440 The next thing you'll need for the SD card is an SD card reader of some sort that you can plug into your computer so you can set it up and image it that way. 14:26.920 --> 14:34.220 Once you have that plugged up into your computer, we'll then use one of two applications to format and image this card. 14:36.560 --> 14:46.960 On the computer, we can use, like I mentioned, one of two applications to image the SD card. 14:47.960 --> 14:56.200 The Raspberry Pi Foundation has recently released the Raspberry Pi Imager application, which makes it very easy to set up the SD card. 14:56.560 --> 14:59.680 First we need to choose the operating system version that we want. 14:59.820 --> 15:05.500 Now the one that they recommend currently is the Raspberry Pi OS with the desktop environment. 15:05.500 --> 15:17.980 This will simply install the full operating system on your SD card and will include the desktop environment so you can interact with the Pi just as you would any other desktop computer using a keyboard and mouse. 15:18.480 --> 15:28.160 There is other options that you can select here, such as Ubuntu, which is another type of Linux, RetroPie for retro gaming, and things like that. 15:28.220 --> 15:35.340 If you select Other Images for the Raspberry Pi OS, you can see that they have two other options here. 15:35.340 --> 15:37.780 The first is the Lite option. 15:38.000 --> 15:46.560 The Lite OS image installs the OS with a command line interface only, so no desktop interface will be included. 15:47.900 --> 16:04.360 The second one here is the Full OS, so that will install the full desktop operating system with a set of recommended applications, so you can have those applications already installed and ready to go for your first use. 16:06.180 --> 16:16.560 Once you select the operating system that you would like to use, for this example I'll go ahead and select the recommended one, you then choose your SD card, and then you click Write. 16:16.560 --> 16:24.000 It will download the operating system image from the internet and then write it to your SD card. 16:25.460 --> 16:35.620 The second application that you can use, which is no longer recommended, but I'm going to be using it today just for speed, is Bylena Etcher. 16:37.130 --> 16:42.220 This application, you simply select an image that you've already downloaded, 16:46.560 --> 16:54.620 I have mine here in OS Images, and I have the full image here to select. 16:55.020 --> 17:03.000 You then make sure it has your SD card selected there for the drive, and then you click Flash. 17:04.760 --> 17:10.740 Now this will take a little bit to flash or image the card, so I'll come back to you after it's done. 17:14.200 --> 17:19.420 Alright, Etcher is almost done flashing the image to our SD card. 17:19.760 --> 17:31.240 Now I didn't mention earlier, but I'm using Etcher right now because I already downloaded the image online, as you saw, and I found that Etcher can be a little bit faster if you do that. 17:31.900 --> 17:40.360 The Raspberry Pi imager does take a little bit longer, simply because it has to first download the image from the internet, like I mentioned earlier. 17:40.640 --> 17:50.900 I believe that once you have used the Raspberry Pi imager, once or twice, it will actually store that image somewhere on your computer. 17:50.920 --> 17:59.560 So if you use it sequentially multiple times, it will be faster in the future, and it will simply use that downloaded image to flash to your SD cards. 17:59.560 --> 18:08.200 Alright, Etcher is going to now take some time to validate the image that we just flashed to our card, so I'll come back right after that has finished. 18:09.220 --> 18:16.120 Etcher is about done validating the image that has been flashed to the SD card. 18:16.120 --> 18:26.320 While that's finishing up, let me show you really quick where you can download the Raspberry Pi OS images and the Raspberry Pi imager. 18:26.660 --> 18:33.400 If you just go to raspberrypi.org, all you have to do is come up and click on the Downloads page up here. 18:33.460 --> 18:40.160 You can then download the imager application for Windows, Mac, or Ubuntu Linux. 18:40.440 --> 18:48.580 You can also directly download the images for the OS by going down here and scrolling down. 18:48.580 --> 18:51.180 As we can see, the flash is now complete. 18:53.240 --> 19:04.800 Alright, now that that's done, at this point, you can remove the SD card from your computer, plug it into your Pi, and power up your Raspberry Pi. 19:04.880 --> 19:12.120 If you were to hook your Raspberry Pi up to a monitor, keyboard, and mouse to complete the rest of the setup. 19:12.420 --> 19:19.920 However, I am now going to continue on and set up my Raspberry Pi for a headless setup. 19:21.840 --> 19:30.600 Now, in my case here, I have to remove the SD card and put it back into my computer in order for the computer to load up the card again. 19:30.800 --> 19:34.060 So now that I'm done with Balana Etcher, I'll go ahead and close that out. 19:34.300 --> 19:41.120 And you can see here that I have a drive showing up in my USB drive E now. 19:41.440 --> 19:47.940 You can see all these files here are from the image that just got flashed to the card. 19:48.300 --> 19:59.380 What's going to happen is once we plug this into the Raspberry Pi, the first time the Pi boots up, it will take all these files and it will actually set up the OS. 19:59.560 --> 20:10.220 So the files you see here are not necessarily the same way they're going to show up once you have the OS set up and have run the Pi for the first time. 20:10.600 --> 20:22.620 The first thing I'm going to do here is I'm going to follow the instructions here on the raspberrypi.org documentation for setting up a Raspberry Pi headless. 20:23.780 --> 20:34.160 Now you can see the first things you want to do here is if you're going to connect to your Raspberry Pi with a wireless network, you need to set it up so it will connect to your network. 20:34.600 --> 20:40.800 If you're going to set it up and connect it with an Ethernet cable, you don't have to worry about this step here. 20:40.800 --> 20:42.760 But I'm going to go ahead and set this up. 20:42.760 --> 20:49.220 So what we want to do is we are going to set up what's called a WPA supplicant configuration file. 20:49.860 --> 20:53.120 The contents of that file are shown here. 20:53.120 --> 20:59.740 So I'm going to simply copy that and paste that over to my Notepad Plus document here. 21:01.040 --> 21:05.580 We need to first verify that the settings are correct here. 21:05.820 --> 21:10.560 So the first thing we'll check is to make sure that the country code is set. 21:10.560 --> 21:13.700 In my case, that will be US. 21:15.080 --> 21:28.860 You will then put in here the name of your network and whatever your password is for your network in the PSK spot. 21:30.380 --> 21:45.560 If your network is open and has no password, you can set that up by following the directions for unsecured networks shown here. 21:45.560 --> 21:54.640 So all you would do is put in key underscore MGMT equals none instead of having a password there in the file. 21:57.040 --> 22:06.760 So we're going to take that file and we're going to save that into our SD card there. 22:06.760 --> 22:17.980 And I'll make sure that that is named WPA underscore supplicant dot CONF. 22:19.680 --> 22:21.080 Save that there. 22:21.220 --> 22:29.600 And when the Pi boots up for the first time, it will detect that file and it will set up the wireless networking. 22:29.620 --> 22:34.040 Now you notice Windows changed it to .conf.txt. 22:34.040 --> 22:35.680 So I'm going to go in there. 22:35.680 --> 22:41.160 And I'm going to make sure that it's .conf and not .conf.txt. 22:44.380 --> 22:48.460 And yes, Windows is going to ask me if I want to do that, and I'm going to say yes. 22:48.920 --> 22:56.780 All right, the next thing that I'm going to do here is I'm going to create a new file in here. 22:57.900 --> 23:04.000 Just a text document, and I'm just going to call it SSH with no suffix. 23:04.620 --> 23:06.700 And I'm going to say yes. 23:07.160 --> 23:18.060 Now with that SSH file in there, that will enable the SSH interface the first time the Raspberry Pi boots up. 23:18.380 --> 23:22.500 SSH is simply a remote control interface that you can do over command line. 23:22.760 --> 23:28.000 And that's one thing that I use a lot with my Raspberry Pis that I'm remote controlling. 23:28.500 --> 23:38.880 So now that I have those two things set up, all that's left to do is to plug the SD card into the Pi and plug it into power. 23:42.800 --> 23:50.900 So what we'll do is we'll go ahead and grab our SD card, and we'll go ahead and put that in the SD card slot on the bottom of the Raspberry Pi. 23:51.320 --> 23:56.480 You just insert that straight in there until it goes in all the way. 23:57.700 --> 23:59.100 It's not really hard to put in. 23:59.100 --> 24:03.540 You won't feel a click, but just make sure it goes in all the way so it's connected properly. 24:03.660 --> 24:10.580 You'll then take your Raspberry Pi and hook it up to your power supply by hooking that into the power in slot. 24:10.880 --> 24:17.580 Now today, I'm simply going to be using a USB power bank to power my Pi as well for setup and demonstration. 24:21.880 --> 24:29.940 Alright once the Raspberry Pi has started up, you'll see the red light and green light start to flash on the Raspberry Pi itself. 24:30.680 --> 24:34.920 Give the Pi a minute or so to boot up and set up the OS. 24:35.260 --> 24:46.100 And then, to complete the setup for the headless portion of the tutorial right now, what I'm going to do is I'm going to go ahead and connect to the Pi using SSH. 24:46.160 --> 24:50.240 Now there's multiple programs you can use to do SSH. 24:50.300 --> 24:54.640 One of the popular ones is called PuTTY, P-U-T-T-Y. 24:54.640 --> 24:59.580 Go ahead and Google that and you can download that and use that for SSH. 24:59.950 --> 25:07.340 What I do is I use the Windows subsystem for Linux feature that's currently on Windows 10. 25:07.340 --> 25:23.320 So I'm going to go ahead and pull up my Ubuntu installation and all you have to do in this case is just type in ssh pi at and then the IP address of your Pi on your network. 25:23.320 --> 25:28.360 You'll have to figure that out, what IP address your Pi connected with. 25:29.040 --> 25:36.760 I'm going to go ahead and hit enter here and the first time I connect to this host it's saying that the authenticity of the host cannot be established. 25:36.940 --> 25:40.780 Well that's fine because this is the first time I'm connecting to the host after it's been set up. 25:40.780 --> 25:43.340 So I'm just going to say yes, that's fine. 25:43.620 --> 25:45.600 Now it's going to ask me for the password. 25:46.000 --> 25:50.340 Now notice that Pi I put in is the default username. 25:50.720 --> 25:55.660 And the default password for the Raspberry Pi is simply raspberry. 25:57.720 --> 26:03.540 So I type that in and apparently I did not type it correctly. 26:06.540 --> 26:08.360 Let's see if I... there we go. 26:08.460 --> 26:15.960 So once you're in and connected correctly you'll see the prompt there to change your password. 26:15.980 --> 26:18.960 You'll want to do that if you're leaving your Pi connected at all. 26:18.960 --> 26:25.620 What I'm going to do here is I'm going to enter raspi underscore config. 26:29.180 --> 26:31.540 And I'm going to have to look at the command now. 26:33.620 --> 26:39.200 So what I want to do is I'm going to set up here some interfaces. 26:39.760 --> 26:44.780 And I want to set up primarily VNC so I can remote control this Pi graphically. 26:45.280 --> 26:51.160 So what I want is enabling this option at the command line. 26:51.160 --> 26:53.860 Oh, and I wanted a dash, not an underscore. 26:53.860 --> 26:55.220 So I was pretty close. 26:56.360 --> 27:00.640 But I'm just going to do dash and that will bring up this. 27:00.740 --> 27:04.220 It's telling me I need to do it as a root or basically as an admin user. 27:04.220 --> 27:10.180 So I just need to do sudo as pi config. 27:13.040 --> 27:19.200 All right, now that this has come up, you can use the keyboard here to navigate through this menu. 27:19.200 --> 27:29.400 I'm just going to do down arrow, two interfacing options, and I'm going to go over arrow, right to select, and I'm going to hit enter. 27:30.140 --> 27:33.420 And then I'm going to say VNC. 27:33.420 --> 27:39.860 I want to select and I want to enable the VNC server. 27:40.280 --> 27:42.060 It's now telling me that that's enabled. 27:42.780 --> 27:46.000 And that should be the only thing that I have to do right now. 27:46.180 --> 27:50.760 You can enable the other interfaces or explore the options right here that you have. 27:51.920 --> 27:58.040 So what I'm going to do is I'm just going to do now go over over to finish and hit finish. 27:58.160 --> 28:04.320 And now I'm going to do sudo reboot to restart the Pi. 28:05.420 --> 28:09.320 It will close the SSH connection and it will reboot the Pi. 28:09.980 --> 28:16.660 What we're going to do now is we will wait for the Pi to reboot so we can now connect with it with VNC. 28:17.500 --> 28:23.920 VNC is automatically installed on the Raspbian or the Raspberry Pi operating system. 28:24.060 --> 28:26.620 Like we just saw, I just enabled the server. 28:26.620 --> 28:34.900 So what you want to do is you can download the VNC viewer for your computer. 28:36.580 --> 28:44.780 It's available for Windows, Mac, Linux, and there's also applications available for iOS and Android. 28:44.880 --> 28:48.280 So you can use those devices to remote control your Raspberry Pi as well. 28:48.440 --> 28:52.180 Once you download that and install it, you can then connect to your Raspberry Pi. 28:52.720 --> 29:01.760 So I'm going to pull up VNC viewer and these are a few of my devices here that I often connect to. 29:02.800 --> 29:04.880 Mine is 0.36. 29:04.880 --> 29:11.520 Now since I have reinstalled the operating system on my Raspberry Pi, its catchphrase and signature have changed. 29:11.540 --> 29:16.600 So that's why it's alerting me here to this identity check failure. 29:17.060 --> 29:25.440 I already know about that so I'm just going to click continue and I'm going to put in the same password, raspberry, and connect to it. 29:26.240 --> 29:27.480 There we go. 29:28.040 --> 29:31.660 Alright, now it's going to give us a couple of warnings because we haven't changed the password. 29:31.660 --> 29:32.580 That's fine. 29:32.900 --> 29:41.580 So the last thing that I'm going to go through right now is just show you this wizard that helps you set up the Raspberry Pi. 29:41.580 --> 29:45.920 It simply goes through and this is the graphical way that you can set up your Raspberry Pi. 29:49.030 --> 29:51.890 First of all, make sure you've set up your country. 29:52.450 --> 29:55.910 That's the thing that we set up earlier when we set up the wireless configuration. 29:58.490 --> 30:01.570 Alright now it gives you an opportunity to change the password. 30:02.390 --> 30:05.030 You would enter your new password here and confirm it. 30:05.650 --> 30:09.230 I'm not going to worry about that right now but that's something I definitely encourage you to do. 30:10.470 --> 30:16.470 This gives you the opportunity here if you're using a monitor to make sure that the screen is set up properly. 30:16.970 --> 30:19.030 I'm not going to worry about that right now. 30:19.610 --> 30:23.350 And then here is where you can set up your wireless networks if you haven't already. 30:23.470 --> 30:25.010 So I'm going to go ahead and skip that. 30:25.270 --> 30:39.210 And then finally, it gives you a prompt to update the system software and I would recommend you do that at the end of your setup here just to make sure that everything is up to date even though we just barely installed the operating system. 30:39.250 --> 30:42.850 So most everything should be up to date but it's a good idea to check that. 30:43.890 --> 30:50.930 The very last thing that I will do here is you can notice that the screen size for the VNC viewer is a little small here. 30:51.010 --> 31:00.250 What I'm going to go ahead and do is we can change that by going into the preferences and into Raspberry Pi configuration. 31:00.610 --> 31:10.850 If we go into display and set resolution, we can then make the VNC server emulate a larger display. 31:10.850 --> 31:20.050 So I'm going to just select 1280x720 and we'll go ahead and make sure that that is confirmed. 31:20.090 --> 31:21.490 Can I get down to the... 31:21.490 --> 31:24.750 Hopefully if I just close it, okay. 31:24.750 --> 31:29.170 So it is going to confirm the settings there and it's just going to reboot the Pi. 31:29.370 --> 31:36.450 So what will happen is the VNC viewer here will wait for the Pi to reboot and it will reconnect. 31:36.670 --> 31:37.490 And here we are. 31:37.490 --> 31:39.030 We have a slightly larger screen. 31:39.030 --> 31:42.710 So you can set that resolution to whatever fits your setup and needs. 31:44.870 --> 31:52.570 Now that we have set up a Raspberry Pi, it's up to you to explore and figure out just what you can do with a Raspberry Pi. 31:53.030 --> 32:01.410 Pis are great for use in emergency communications and can enable effective communications for Ares and Skywarn groups. 32:01.870 --> 32:12.730 Using a software TNC such as Direwolf makes it really easy to hook a sound card up to the Pi and your radio for things such as Winlink and APRS. 32:12.970 --> 32:22.090 Other digital applications such as JSA Call and WSJTX work great on the Pi. 32:22.470 --> 32:28.970 You can even hook your Raspberry Pi up to a software-defined radio device to expand the capabilities of your setup. 32:29.470 --> 32:34.310 These are just a few examples of what you can do with a Raspberry Pi. 32:34.310 --> 32:37.670 And honestly, the sky is the limit. 32:39.590 --> 32:46.190 Now I'm going to show you my setup and how I use my Raspberry Pi in amateur radio while I am out operating. 32:48.390 --> 32:51.410 So this is my portable setup as I currently have it. 32:51.470 --> 32:58.550 Here I have a Kenwood TM-V71 interfaced with my Raspberry Pi 3B+. 32:59.330 --> 33:10.770 The Raspberry Pi is hooked to a sound card and an RT-Systems control or programming cable, which are both then hooked into the back of the TM-V71 here. 33:11.090 --> 33:17.190 The Raspberry Pi is also hooked up to a 12V to 5V power converter. 33:18.210 --> 33:28.610 If you don't want to hook your Raspberry Pi into your 12V battery system, you can also consider using a USB power bank, as I mentioned earlier. 33:29.130 --> 33:35.590 A power bank such as this will power your Pi for quite a few hours out in portable operations. 33:37.910 --> 33:43.610 Now I'm going to give you a close-up of how this setup is currently arranged. 33:44.490 --> 33:49.250 So here is the USB sound card that I mentioned that's currently hooked up to the Pi. 33:49.930 --> 33:56.070 Typically you want to use a USB or external sound card because the Raspberry Pi only has an audio out. 33:56.070 --> 33:58.590 It does not have a microphone input port. 33:58.650 --> 34:04.270 I also have my RT-Systems cable that I mentioned here hooked into one of the other USB ports. 34:04.370 --> 34:09.550 You'll notice here is a GPS receiver hooked up to the Pi. 34:09.550 --> 34:22.370 This GPS receiver is not only receiving the position of the Raspberry Pi system, but it also is able to sync up the time, the system time, with GPS time. 34:22.370 --> 34:28.850 For data modes such as JSA Call and FT8 that require fairly precise timing. 34:29.130 --> 34:36.790 This GPS receiver is simply the same as this GPS GLONASS UBLOX 7 receiver here. 34:36.790 --> 34:45.150 I've simply taken off the plastic casing off the outside so that this would fit with my other USB connections there on the Pi. 34:47.310 --> 34:58.290 Currently the Raspberry Pi is creating a hotspot or wireless network that I can connect to it using an iPad or another tablet or even a laptop. 34:58.610 --> 35:05.730 Typically I use my iPad here to connect to the Raspberry Pi and control it wirelessly using the VNC app. 35:05.730 --> 35:12.450 It's also handy if you want to have a wireless keyboard attached to your tablet or use the keyboard on a laptop. 35:12.450 --> 35:15.910 And that makes typing much easier than trying to use an on-screen keyboard. 35:20.070 --> 35:31.090 So now that I've shown you the physical setup of my Raspberry Pi portable radio box, let me show you some of the software that I have installed on my Raspberry Pi. 35:31.170 --> 35:34.350 First thing you can see here on the desktop is DireWolf. 35:34.370 --> 35:40.930 DireWolf is a software TNC application that is currently interfaced with the USB sound card that I showed you earlier. 35:40.930 --> 35:50.070 You can see it currently decoding APRS packets in real time because I have my radio currently tuned to the APRS frequency. 35:51.450 --> 36:01.010 DireWolf is also currently interfaced with LIN-BPQ, which is creating and providing a WinLink gateway. 36:01.510 --> 36:08.230 Other stations could connect to my gateway and send and receive email over the WinLink service. 36:08.230 --> 36:15.910 That WinLink gateway is managed by going to the local website created by LIN-BPQ. 36:16.090 --> 36:32.370 This is a nice feature that many of these applications, these portable applications and digital applications do, is create a webpage service that you can access not only from the Raspberry Pi, but you can access from any computer that's connected to the Raspberry Pi wirelessly, 36:32.370 --> 36:34.330 such as my iPad tablet. 36:35.190 --> 36:39.030 LIN-BPQ hosts its website at port 8080. 36:39.030 --> 36:46.690 And so this is a configuration page that I go to in order to manage my WinLink gateway and BPQ node. 36:47.330 --> 36:52.310 Another application that I have installed on my Raspberry Pi is PAT. 36:52.350 --> 36:55.790 Now PAT is a WinLink client. 36:55.990 --> 37:03.330 So if I go here to port 5000, I will pull up my PAT web UI. 37:05.010 --> 37:12.590 PAT can also connect to Direwolf to use my sound card TNC to send and receive messages. 37:12.590 --> 37:25.430 This has a simple interface, just an inbox, your app box, your sent messages, an archive, and the action menu where you can compose messages and position updates. 37:26.770 --> 37:35.410 Alright, in addition to those two applications that I have for WinLink, I have a variety of other applications currently installed on my Raspberry Pi. 37:35.810 --> 37:40.530 These are all organized under the ham radio submenu here. 37:41.510 --> 37:45.710 Some of these include Chirp for programming radios. 37:46.610 --> 37:49.530 CQRLog, which is a logging program. 37:49.930 --> 37:52.690 Direwolf, once again, is the sound card TNC. 37:52.690 --> 38:01.050 I have FLdigi and FLrig for rig control and some digital sound card modes. 38:01.050 --> 38:07.150 You can also see here JSA Call and WSJTX. 38:07.230 --> 38:12.450 Additionally, I have Zaster and YAC for APRS clients. 38:12.570 --> 38:19.890 And I have a couple additional tools here installed that help me manage the software and update the software. 38:19.890 --> 38:27.690 Such as PapMenu, PiAPRS, and other things that have been developed by Jason, KM4AK. 38:28.850 --> 38:35.250 These programs are really useful on VHF, UHF, and HF. 38:35.250 --> 38:44.890 And you can interface your single Raspberry Pi to both a VHF radio and an HF radio simply using multiple sound card interfaces. 38:44.890 --> 38:49.950 Alright, so you're probably wondering now, where do I start? 38:50.810 --> 38:53.190 Here are a few of my suggestions. 38:53.350 --> 38:56.250 First, check out raspberrypi.org. 38:56.450 --> 39:03.350 There are many tutorials there and elsewhere online of projects you can do using the Raspberry Pi. 39:03.390 --> 39:06.290 Next, check out YouTube. 39:06.290 --> 39:16.750 KM4AK, Jason, and OH8STN, Julian, both have great channels on YouTube that I follow. 39:16.990 --> 39:20.970 They both do some great things with their radios using the Raspberry Pi. 39:21.750 --> 39:26.910 I would also suggest you take some time to decide what you would like to explore. 39:27.370 --> 39:32.390 There is a lot that you can do with the Raspberry Pi and other single board computers. 39:32.390 --> 39:37.270 Identify where you'd like to start first and go slow. 39:37.310 --> 39:39.650 Don't burn yourself out. 39:39.810 --> 39:50.290 Finally, put some effort into identifying your communications needs and how single board computers can empower your amateur radio setup. 39:50.970 --> 39:54.610 Well, thank you very much for tuning in today. 39:54.650 --> 39:59.550 I will be available to answer your questions in the designated channel. 40:05.430 --> 40:07.370 Hello, thanks for joining us. 40:07.370 --> 40:09.410 Thanks for that great presentation. 40:09.410 --> 40:15.870 If folks have questions, you can throw them either on Twitch or on the HRV Presentation Tech channel. 40:16.910 --> 40:18.530 We actually have one. 40:18.530 --> 40:24.450 I'm curious, what's your wish list for the Raspberry Pi 5, whatever, right? 40:24.450 --> 40:27.670 What would you love to see in there that we don't have today? 40:30.250 --> 40:31.750 Interesting question. 40:31.750 --> 40:42.850 I say that's interesting because the Raspberry Pi 4 has actually been a pretty good model so far that I can't think of anything I would necessarily add to it off the top of my head. 40:43.130 --> 40:50.950 I mean, obviously, it's always good to increase the processor capability, and I think they're incrementally doing that. 40:50.950 --> 41:02.190 And so as we see the capabilities of these processors on the Raspberry Pis, that will continue to increase what we can do with these single board computers. 41:03.170 --> 41:09.810 I will mention with the 4, since they added the two USB 3.0 ports, that was a really nice addition. 41:09.810 --> 41:14.190 So I guess one thing that I would like to see is maybe all four ports USB 3.0. 41:15.790 --> 41:19.410 And that's really the only thing I can think of right now. 41:21.410 --> 41:22.370 Okay, I'm curious. 41:22.370 --> 41:27.310 Do you know, is the power consumption on the 4 much higher than the 3, or is it about the same? 41:27.590 --> 41:30.530 Correct, because they switched to USB-C power, right, on that? 41:31.730 --> 41:37.130 Yeah, they switched to the USB-C power because there was a slight increase in the power consumption. 41:37.450 --> 41:43.370 I think the 3B+, at max power, would use about 2.5 amps. 41:43.730 --> 41:47.310 And the 3 can draw up to 3 amps, is my understanding. 41:48.010 --> 41:52.210 But a lot of that will actually go to if you have USB devices hooked up to it. 41:52.210 --> 41:55.830 A lot of the power draw comes from those USB devices. 41:55.850 --> 42:00.310 So that's just something to keep in mind if you're connecting devices that require a lot of power. 42:00.310 --> 42:04.490 Sometimes it's better to hook them up to an external hub that you can then power that way. 42:06.110 --> 42:06.630 Cool. 42:06.630 --> 42:12.910 Related to that power, we had a question about how long can you run the Pi using a battery bank on a standard day? 42:15.070 --> 42:26.450 So the battery bank that I showed in the presentation, that one can run it for upwards of at least, I would guess, 6 or 7 hours. 42:26.930 --> 42:32.910 And a lot of the portable battery banks that you get for charging your phone, if you get upwards of... 42:33.430 --> 42:37.850 there's some 20,000 mAh packs and stuff, and those are the ones that I have. 42:38.430 --> 42:48.810 But then, of course, if you just power it off your 12V battery, you can run for probably days off a 12V battery. 42:48.830 --> 42:57.430 Something like an 18Ah battery, a 12V battery that you're going to connect to a 5V converter, will give you operation for days just on the Raspberry Pi. 42:59.890 --> 43:00.730 Great, thanks. 43:00.730 --> 43:06.530 We get a couple questions around, do you have a preferred SDR or do you use USB SDRs? 43:06.530 --> 43:09.910 And what are your favorite SDR-based activities, if so? 43:12.010 --> 43:18.590 Yeah, so as far as SDR goes, the only SDR device I've used is the RTL-SDR, and I've done a little bit with that. 43:18.590 --> 43:24.030 I haven't done too much on the Pi, but that's the one I've played around with. 43:24.030 --> 43:37.950 What I would really like to do is set up a receive-only iGate for EPRS using an SDR, and that's just a really cheap and pretty easy method to set it up that way with an SDR. 43:37.950 --> 43:49.170 Instead of just taking up a full other ham rig, you can dedicate that to just sit in your house and receive EPRS packets in your local area. 43:49.170 --> 43:58.010 So yeah, as far as SDR, I've used only the RTL-SDR, and I'm really right now playing around more with how to use that on the Raspberry Pi. 43:58.170 --> 44:05.490 In general, on the computer, when I've just hooked it up to my laptop or PC, I've just been listening to voice traffic locally. 44:05.550 --> 44:09.170 So that's as far as I've gotten with SDR so far. 44:11.790 --> 44:12.850 Great, thanks. 44:12.850 --> 44:15.030 That's all the questions we had in chat. 44:15.030 --> 44:22.050 If you have any further questions, feel free to just hop in the village and ask away, and I'm sure I can get you there. 44:22.050 --> 44:27.430 I want to thank you for giving that great talk, and hopefully everyone enjoys the rest of DEF CON Safe Mode. 44:28.130 --> 44:29.630 Yeah, thanks for tuning in. 45:01.780 --> 45:04.460 Transcribed by https://otter.ai