WEBVTT

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Hey everyone, hope y'all are doing well.

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Hope everyone's staying safe out there.

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And welcome back to DEF CON Safe Mode.

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I'm nothing.

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And yeah, so I'm gonna be doing a video here.

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This is pre-recorded, but I am gonna be sitting there live with you.

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And this is gonna be going over the infamous Western Electric 30C and how I was actually able to defeat this thing.

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So, start off kind of slow for those of you who don't know anything about this lock.

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And I'm actually gonna start off talking about both of these here.

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So these locks are the result of a lot of research and development from the Western Electric Company to solve the problem of payphones.

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So these are payphone locks.

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And these were put into place during a time where people were not huge fans of the phone companies and paying for phone calls and things like that.

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So these locks were, there was a lot of money that went into the research and development of these, and they were designed to be very resilient to everything from vandalism, to weather and just all around wear and tear, and also to surreptitious entry and manipulation.

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So these locks were designed, there were a few before these, and the original patent that I'm aware of was released in 1966.

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And the original patent covered many aspects of these locks, but there's some things in the patent that weren't on these, and there's some things on these that weren't in the patent.

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So this first one you see here is the Western Electric 29A.

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And this is the lock that would protect the electronics of the payphone.

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It went in the upper portion and secured the upper housing of the payphone where all the electronic elements were.

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This is a five lever tumbler lock.

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This is actually unsprung, which means that the levers do not have a spring that will return them to their zero position.

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And instead, when you turn the key back, there is a portion on the actuator that pushes on the lower part of the levers, which returns them all to the zero position.

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And like I said, this has five levers, but this big gap you see in the key here is a stationary ward that goes in between the front two levers and the rear three levers, which makes it so that if you were to try to reproduce a key, you would have to have that gap to fit through there.

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And also in picking, this sits down pretty low.

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It makes it very difficult to get a picking wire behind it.

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So it definitely makes opening this lock without the key pretty difficult.

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Now, all the levers in here had false gates as well as true gates, of course, or else it wouldn't open.

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And actually here, I have one here that has an acrylic face on it.

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So as you can see, there's no springs.

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You can't see much because of this copper plate here that guards the levers.

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But what you can see is when I turn the key, you can see all of those levers line up.

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And that silver part that you see in there is the stationary ward.

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So the fence also has a cutout to go past that ward and be able to open up.

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Now, this is a part of the payphone, but I'm not gonna be spending a whole lot of time on this tonight.

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I just wanted to kind of give you a quick overview of this one so that you'd know the differences between this and the 30C.

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So the 30C is actually a lock with a pretty interesting history behind it.

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This lock was considered unpickable for a very long time.

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And it was considered impossible to manipulate open until a man named James Clark figured out a way to get into it and went across the country back in the 1980s, stealing over half a million dollars in coins from payphones.

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And he evaded the police by basically

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by continuously moving, not really following any patterns.

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There were a couple of little patterns that he followed.

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He would mainly hit large sporting events, casinos, places where a lot of people would be there and a lot of people would be using the phone.

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And apparently he would just go into the booth, pretend to make a phone call.

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And while he was sitting there on the phone, he would manipulate the box open, steal the coins, lock it back up and leave.

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And nobody knows how he actually got into these things.

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He was on America's Most Wanted twice.

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He was called in the newspapers, everything from the Payphone Bandit, the Telephone Bandit, the Coinbox Bandit.

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I've heard some people actually call him the Phone Ranger, though I've never seen that in print anywhere.

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And I looked a lot.

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Honestly, all I found on the Phone Ranger was a crappy old comic book character.

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It was pretty funny.

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But anyway, he is pretty well known as the Phone Ranger among the community.

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But no one was ever, even though he was captured with his tools and actually while he was working on one of these, excuse me, I'm gonna have a sip of whiskey real quick.

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No one ever actually was able to figure out how he did it.

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Um...

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Now, the Bell Company, um...

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hired retired FBI agents and spent a pretty good amount of money trying to figure out how he was able to get into these locks.

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And to my knowledge, they never made any progress up to that point.

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Um, so they spent quite a long time These locks are from the single-slot Fortress payphone.

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And they were in service for, I think, around 50 years.

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Altogether, well, 50 years ago from now, I think they were possibly...

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Some of them are still used.

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They are still in places, but very rarely, as we all know how rarely payphones are actually used these days.

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But they were continuously in service for, I think, about 30 years or so, and previous models to this went back quite a bit further than that.

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But anyway, he was ultimately arrested in 1988.

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They said he was identifiable by a ponytail, a baseball cap, and I think cowboy boots.

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And he was caught in a payphone playing with a lock or in a phone booth playing with a lock.

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But anyway, so I hadn't heard about that story.

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And the first time I heard about this lock, well, not the very first time, but the first time I got interested in it was when Matt Smith, also known as Huxley Pig, did a video, he did a talk, and I saw the recorded talk on video

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about a few really cool locks that he had been working on.

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And this was one of them.

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And he had actually made a little bit of progress on how to go about beginning to pick this.

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He was still working on it, and he said he had spent a lot of time and effort in trying to figure it out.

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And that kind of made me start to think about this lock.

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As in, kind of a goal.

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Just basically just thinking about how cool it would be if I could be the one that actually figured it out.

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And so I went online, I searched a couple of articles.

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Matt Blaze has an amazing article on these locks.

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There's also a little bit of information on a couple of the lock picking forums.

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But it wasn't until Captain Hook released a video on Lock Pickers United about a decoding method to get into this lock to be able to go in there, figure out the key bitting, and replicate a key to open this thing.

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So with a set of wires similar to this, with very precise measurements, and little 90 degree turns on the ends, he was able to go in there and exploit the fact that returning the key to the zero position would also return all the levers to the zero position.

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And there was a finite and an exact measurement between the keyway and the gates and the levers.

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And since he was able to fit a piece of wire in there, he was then able to determine where the gates were, true and false, and was able to replicate and duplicate a key, make his own key, and open the lock from there.

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So when I saw that video, it kind of kicked me in the butt.

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And I thought, oh man, if I'm going to do this, I better get started.

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So that day, I went on eBay, found one of these, and ordered it.

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And it arrived a few days later, I started messing with it, and figured out why everybody had such a hard time with it.

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This thing is an incredible pain.

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But the first thing I did was...

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Actually, I think... yeah.

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I think the first thing I did was create an acrylic faceplate for it.

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So that I could see inside.

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So basically I knew what I was dealing with.

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So now this is the 30C here with an acrylic faceplate.

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And you can see a couple differences from the 29A.

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This one actually does have a spring.

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There's a single leaf spring here that puts tension on all the levers.

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If you raise one lever up, it lifts this spring, and basically eliminates spring tension from the rest of the levers, so they are free-floating.

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This one does not have that stationary ward in the center.

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But everything else is pretty much the same as the 29, besides this mechanism right here.

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And this is what makes this lock so tough.

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This is the tumbler blocker.

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And what this does, is this serrated piece here, along with the points on the levers, makes it so that as soon as you put tension on this thing, that blocker moves into place and locks all the levers into place before the fence even gets to the levers.

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So in picking a lock, what we do is we put tension on the lock.

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And after you put tension on it, you manipulate the internals, and you can feel, say, on a lever lock, the fence rubbing on the levers.

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So you'll know when you set a lever when it clicks into place.

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Well, on this one, before you can even put tension on it, that blocker moves in and stops all those levers from being able to move.

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You can see here, that blocker's already engaged, but the fence is super far away from the gates.

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Now that is for a couple different reasons they did that.

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Obviously one being pick resistance and manipulation resistance.

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But also another being lack of maintenance.

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Some of these were in very remote areas where the weather and the environment was not very friendly.

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So if you got a lot of dirt and gunk and other things in this lock or if there was a lot of key wear, things like that, as soon as you put the key in and it raises the levers up to an approximate height, that blocker will lock them all into place and make sure that they're at the right height for the fence to move into the gates.

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So that design was both for manipulation resistance but also for longevity of the lock and to allow it to work in some very harsh conditions.

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So that's what makes it so tough to pick is that blocker there.

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Now the very first time I picked this lock what I did was I bypassed that blocker.

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There's a video of it online, it was the first video that I posted of this lock

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and I took a shim like this, actually this is the one inserted it in the top

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and you gotta get it under the anti-tamper switch which I'll show you a little later and that can actually hold the blocker back so that I could go in there and manipulate the levers and see what it felt like to actually pick this thing.

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So once I did that I posted a video online to basically show my progress, show that I had actually picked the lock which at the time it was a world's first nobody had picked one of these on camera before even using a shim to bypass the blocker so it was a first but it wasn't the first that I was looking for but after posting that video I got quite a bit of response from people Captain Hook being one of them and I talked to him a bit about this lock and got some tips,

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we exchanged a couple little here and theres about the lock and got to talking, Captain Hook is an amazing person great picker, one of the best in the world and I didn't want to give too much away but I mentioned that I had been working on a method of picking it that was entirely through the keyway which is what we're looking for So the first thing I did was I took his idea of using bent wires to find the gates and I thought,

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well what if instead of identifying the gates one at a time what if I took a wire and bent it in a way that I could insert it in the lock, in the keyway and put pressure on all those levers at once I could then pick them one at a time and get the wire to go into all the true gates which would set the levers all to the correct height and I could then turn the bolt and open the lock Now this kind of worked I was actually able to get all the levers set onto the wire but when it came time to actually throw the bolt and open the lock that's where I ran into some issues It's kind of a chunky wire and there's not a lot of room to work in there So,

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it got in the way, unfortunately.

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So when I went to throw the bolt, the fence got stuck on the wire and would not move enough to actually open the lock, unfortunately.

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I spent a lot of time trying to perfect this wire method.

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That's all the scratches you see inside here, was me working on the wire, trying to get it in there perfectly and get everything to work.

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I experimented with a lot of different ways.

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I tried to get all the levers set right, then put the bolt in a little bit, and then remove the wire and continue, but nothing was working.

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I mean, it was a good idea, but it ultimately failed, unfortunately.

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So, well, here's another one that I had made.

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This is a much flatter wire that I thought might work.

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It's a much weaker, much flatter wire.

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I figured if I could do that, maybe I could just force the bolt through the wire, bend it out of the way, but at least the lock would be open, but that didn't work either.

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So I started thinking about Matt, HuxleyPig's video again, and he had come up with an idea where he would overlift one of the levers up to the point where it would hold the blocker back from the top.

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So I don't know if I can get this in here to show you how this would work, but let's see.

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So if you lift... oh, wait a minute, I've got to turn the key way.

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Get that out of the way.

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So if you lift up on one of the levers, and you lift it past where it's supposed to go...

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whoops, I don't think I can do this without actually turning the key.

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Meh.

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But you can get it overlifted to where it will actually get stuck up here and hold the blocker back, and I think you're actually deforming the lever at that point.

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It's really tough to get it up there.

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But it was an interesting idea, and it made me think about instead of trying to align the gates using a wire or anything like that, maybe I could use the levers to hold the blocker back, but in a different way.

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And one day I was driving, I was driving at work and talking to Captain Hook, and I had an idea.

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And I had to wait all day, it was super hard to wait to not leave work early or run home and try it.

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But I had an idea on what I could possibly do.

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So what I thought was if I could hold one of the levers up so that the point of the lever would sit at the point of one of these serrations, it might hold that blocker back just enough to where I could pick the levers past the blocker.

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Now I'd still have to deal with the blocker, they'd still be clicking in these little serrations, but it might be just enough to where it wouldn't be fully engaged and I could actually pick the lock.

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So I started work, as soon as I got home I started working on creating something that would make this happen.

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And ultimately, I created this.

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Just this little flag tool here, it's got some warding cut into it there.

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And what this does...

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Ah, where's that tension wrench?

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Here it is.

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Alright, so what this does is you actually insert this right into that first piece of warding, all the way back and sit it into the actuator.

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And when it's sitting there, you then tension the lock,

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and that little flag in the back...

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I don't know if you can see that, let's try to get some better light here...

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So that rear lever is sticking up just a little bit more than the rest of them.

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Can you see that back there?

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Yeah, I think you can see that.

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So that is actually holding that blocker back.

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And what I was able to do at that point...

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was get a picking wire in there.

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And actually I started with the picking wire in there.

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But it would hold the blocker just enough...

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that I was actually able to put tension on the lock...

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and move the levers.

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And that was actually the very first way that I ever picked this lock open.

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And it worked!

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It actually worked.

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There's a couple videos of it online.

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The first one got a lot of scrutiny, of course, because it was a world's first.

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There was a little piece of wire sitting on my desk that people thought was some sort of a shim to hold the blocker back, or they had all sorts of crazy ideas.

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But as soon as that happened, I immediately did another video with a clean desk...

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and made sure that there was no possible way whatsoever that it was not real.

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But that was the very first way that I picked this thing open.

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And I was super happy.

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I couldn't believe it.

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I was just out of this world ecstatic.

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It was incredible.

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It was so great.

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But in thinking about it, it wasn't the easiest thing in the world.

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It's a very delicate balancing act.

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And I wanted to make it even better.

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So with this, this was designed to hold the blocker just below that last lever's true gate.

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So that 8th lever would be the last one that I picked.

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And when I picked it, it would be the last one, and I only had to go one click to get it into its true gate.

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And I think, I'm pretty sure, that this one tool probably would have worked for any other lock...

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unless that 8th lever was a zero cut.

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If it was lower.

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Anything higher, you could have shot it up into place.

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It wouldn't have been easy, but it would have been doable.

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But, um...

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If it was a zero cut, it would already be sitting too high.

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And you'd have to hope that you could get it to drop down.

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Sorry.

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Went in my whistle again.

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So then I had the idea of, what if I can hold all the levers up to the right height?

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What if I can make all the levers hold that blocker back?

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So it didn't matter which one I picked, when, what the binding order was.

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And...

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So I started making tension wrenches.

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I designed a bunch of different tensioners that would go in and hold the levers up to different heights.

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And, um...

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There was all slight problems with it.

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You know, it was hard to get a wire in there and keep holding everything, and it was still a very delicate balancing act.

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Don't get me wrong.

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But ultimately, what I figured out was that a thin wiper insert was exactly the right height to go in there, in that first ward, and hold those levers up to the exact point where they need to be to hold that blocker back.

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And you can actually pick the lock like this too.

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Now again, it's difficult.

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Because there's not a whole lot of room to work.

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But it does hold all the levers up to where you need them.

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And you can go in and pick.

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It's possible.

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But again, that wasn't good enough.

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It wasn't easy enough.

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So...

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I started, um...

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I basically just started kind of playing with the lock, and looking at what happened when I did different things.

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So I started looking at what would happen if I just tensioned it, right?

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So you just tension it, and I finally noticed, if you look here, when you tension this thing, the blocker's not engaged.

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It's sitting point to point with one of these levers.

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But also, that bolt isn't engaged either.

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The bottom of the fence here is actually hitting the bottom of the levers.

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So, this lock starts in a very interesting configuration here.

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I mean, you'd think that the blocker would engage, hold all the levers at zero, this would have no room to go in, things like that.

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But for some reason, it's not.

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And all those levers are held right there.

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But this guy's hitting on the bottom.

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So...

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If you were to put a picking wire in here, you can actually start picking this lock.

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But unfortunately, nothing's moving, because that fence is stuck at the bottom there.

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So, I started taking measurements, and I realized eventually, that if I took the lowest possible, or the smallest possible wiper insert, and inserted it here, in between the wards there, that, plus the picking wire, was about just the right height to hold those levers at that same zero spot where the tensioner was holding them before.

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So, what I figured out at this point, was that I can actually tension the lock, then insert a picking wire, and if I just hit the couple levers that are holding the fence back, I get to that spot where I want to be.

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Now granted, it is a balancing act, and that blocker will lock in a lot, so it takes a lot of resets.

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And if you're ever trying to pick this thing, do not be afraid to start over, because you have to start over a lot.

30:21.110 --> 30:25.290
But eventually, you'll start to learn which levers to pick first,

30:37.030 --> 30:45.360
and once you realize that, you can actually go about picking this thing.

30:53.380 --> 30:59.600
So, if you see that, the levers are sitting at the very bottom of the blocker there, holding it back just enough.

31:01.260 --> 31:11.960
So, let's go in and find the lever that the fence is stuck on, get it out of the way, so the fence will then engage, but the blocker is still being held back.

31:15.320 --> 31:27.020
We're then going to find a couple of the levers, and you actually want to try to pick the very tallest levers first, to get them out of your way.

31:30.720 --> 31:32.700
Oops, lever wrong.

31:32.700 --> 31:35.620
So, if you ever hit a wrong lever, you'll have to restart.

31:36.320 --> 31:39.180
And that's okay, like I said, it's going to happen a lot.

31:56.760 --> 31:59.200
So, just feel around in there for a binder.

31:59.820 --> 32:01.800
There we go, find the binder.

32:06.640 --> 32:08.760
Oop, blocker engaged again.

32:15.370 --> 32:24.570
So, I'm probably not going to be able to do this live on video, or not quite live, but on this video here, without some practice, I haven't picked one of these in quite a while.

32:27.930 --> 32:28.330
But

32:33.160 --> 32:35.800
, I don't know, maybe I'll get lucky.

32:43.890 --> 32:46.270
Oops, dropped the actuator there.

32:46.650 --> 32:49.450
That's what happens when your lock's not fully put together.

34:03.420 --> 34:05.040
Alright, now I'm determined.

35:11.780 --> 35:15.520
I'm going too high back there.

35:16.620 --> 35:18.320
Maybe not.

35:21.470 --> 35:23.110
There we go.

35:23.770 --> 35:27.090
Alright, so, there it was.

35:28.350 --> 35:33.290
I hope that was easy enough for everyone to see.

35:35.930 --> 35:38.790
But, yeah, so it is possible.

35:40.050 --> 35:50.690
That was a full pick, granted with a clear face, so it's not that impressive, of the Western Electric 30C.

35:51.810 --> 35:56.830
So, hopefully, we'll get some more people out there picking these things.

36:01.070 --> 36:05.650
Yeah, I hope everybody enjoyed that greatly.

36:06.470 --> 36:22.090
So, at the end of this, I'm actually going to attach the video where I pick this lock, without the cover taken off, fully factory sealed, with that same method.

36:24.350 --> 36:30.430
So you can see what it looks like without an acrylic cover on it.

36:30.790 --> 36:33.890
But, anyway, yeah, there we are.

36:34.450 --> 36:37.890
If anyone has any questions or anything, just...

36:38.990 --> 36:44.890
I've been here the whole time, so I'm sure you'll have asked them, but feel free to get a hold of me.

36:45.830 --> 36:47.790
I'm on Discord.

36:47.790 --> 36:50.250
The Lockpickers United Discord is nothing.

36:50.250 --> 36:53.570
I have a YouTube channel, which is a nothing symbol.

36:53.870 --> 36:57.530
If you search Western Electric 30C, you can find me.

37:00.810 --> 37:02.270
And I'm here.

37:02.270 --> 37:08.730
If anyone wants my email address, it's mr.nothingpicks at gmail.com.

37:08.750 --> 37:10.490
Reach out to me if you have any questions.

37:10.490 --> 37:15.330
If you're stuck, I will gladly help anyone through this.

37:15.930 --> 37:18.130
So, alright, there we are.

37:18.190 --> 37:19.330
Thanks a lot, all.

37:19.690 --> 37:24.190
I hope you all enjoyed DEF CON, and stay safe out there.

37:24.410 --> 37:25.210
Take care.

37:25.210 --> 37:25.810
Bye.

37:28.070 --> 37:29.910
Alright, hey everyone.

37:29.910 --> 37:31.670
Hope you're all doing well.

37:32.610 --> 37:39.010
So, I have another Western Electric 30C here.

37:39.950 --> 37:43.170
This one has not been taken apart yet.

37:43.470 --> 37:45.810
All the rivets are still intact.

37:46.690 --> 37:50.390
It is just like I received it.

37:50.890 --> 37:53.570
I do have a key for it.

37:53.770 --> 37:56.810
It's got some pretty extreme bidding.

37:57.770 --> 38:01.270
It's got a zero cut right there in the two position.

38:01.590 --> 38:03.970
Five cut back there.

38:04.290 --> 38:06.650
That number four is a one cut.

38:06.650 --> 38:12.710
It's annoying trying to set those levers without oversetting anything else or bumping anything else.

38:12.710 --> 38:13.470
Whatever.

38:14.010 --> 38:17.650
But, it works sometimes.

38:17.650 --> 38:22.010
I think one of those zero cut lever jumps up if I move the key too fast.

38:22.670 --> 38:27.510
And you can see the blocker, if you look in that corner, moving in and out.

38:30.610 --> 38:33.350
So, that's still there.

38:36.350 --> 38:45.350
Yeah, so, let me see if I can get this thing open here.

38:53.700 --> 39:02.060
Alright, so, I kind of developed a new technique that doesn't involve that third tool.

39:02.060 --> 39:05.360
Just a picking wire and a tensioner.

39:08.140 --> 39:14.160
Kind of doing a lot of trial and error on these things and research and what not.

39:14.280 --> 39:20.700
Hoping to get something pretty comprehensive put together at some point.

39:31.520 --> 39:34.620
You are going to see me reset a lot.

39:34.960 --> 39:40.480
Because, if I do anything wrong, I have to completely start over.

46:55.640 --> 46:57.120
Yes!

46:57.580 --> 46:59.220
Hell yeah!

46:59.880 --> 47:02.160
Alright, there it is.

47:02.640 --> 47:03.820
Oh man!

47:04.720 --> 47:06.180
Yes!

47:06.180 --> 47:07.430
Oh, I'm so happy.

47:07.780 --> 47:15.410
Oh, I'm so excited right now.

47:17.980 --> 47:28.240
Alright, so, yeah, since it's not taken apart, I can't really gut it for you.

47:28.240 --> 47:33.060
But, I guess I can at least kind of give you a 360 again.

47:33.620 --> 47:36.640
Let me drop this out of the way first.

47:41.560 --> 47:46.080
Alright, so, there it is, picked open.

47:52.890 --> 47:54.790
Oh, I'm so happy.

47:59.720 --> 48:02.100
Alright, now over here.

48:02.340 --> 48:08.660
Let's see if we can get this image of the blocker coming back out.

48:15.070 --> 48:16.810
There it is.

48:18.350 --> 48:19.990
Alright all.

48:20.790 --> 48:23.250
Western Electric 30C.

48:23.290 --> 48:24.650
Picked.

48:25.250 --> 48:27.690
Alright, have a great one.

48:27.690 --> 48:28.810
Take care all.

