WEBVTT 00:02.200 --> 00:03.320 Greetings. 00:03.380 --> 00:08.900 It's great to be here, even though I'm not there and we're not in Vegas. 00:08.900 --> 00:11.500 Well, maybe you are, but I'm not. 00:11.940 --> 00:41.520 And after years of pilgrimage to Vegas and DEF CON and other security conferences, primarily to speak about, well, privacy and security and inevitably Bitcoin, I never imagined that I would be doing this virtually, especially not for the voting villages or voting village rather than the crypto and privacy villages where I normally hang out. 00:42.020 --> 00:54.300 But with that said, I have spent significant time in the voting village and I've even included a couple of photos in this presentation to help bring us back to our in-person DEF CON days. 00:54.320 --> 00:56.900 Which we will surely return to. 00:56.940 --> 01:02.140 But for now, our virtual CON is our reality. 01:02.320 --> 01:10.000 So I hope this presentation helps to educate you and brighten your summer in safe mode. 01:10.420 --> 01:13.820 Please find me on Twitter if you have any questions. 01:14.000 --> 01:16.740 I'm at Cordero underscore ESQ. 01:16.760 --> 01:21.200 And with all that out of the way, let's get into it. 01:22.160 --> 01:25.740 A lawyer's reflections on elections. 01:25.920 --> 01:27.980 Let's get into it. 01:29.910 --> 01:31.610 So who is Cordero? 01:32.030 --> 01:38.690 That's me, the lawyer speaking now, providing reflections to those that will listen. 01:39.270 --> 01:44.890 And without reiterating my entire biography, I want to quickly go through a couple of these points. 01:44.890 --> 01:49.990 I'm a partner at Sublime Law, which focuses on business and intellectual property. 01:50.500 --> 01:54.510 I lead our emerging technologies practice group. 01:54.850 --> 02:05.130 And before joining Sublime Law, I worked at a forensics and cybersecurity professional services firm in Silicon Valley, as well as a large U.S. 02:05.130 --> 02:08.350 law firm , where I focused on privacy. 02:08.770 --> 02:15.470 I graduated ASU Law with honors, focusing on law, science, and technology. 02:15.870 --> 02:20.310 And I worked at ASU's innovation advancement program. 02:20.310 --> 02:37.270 But most relevant for today, I'm a former political candidate that has a story to tell that is part of a larger and more important narrative than any single election race or election case. 02:38.330 --> 02:43.050 So what will we not be going over today? 02:43.230 --> 02:45.310 What's not on the agenda? 02:45.850 --> 02:50.010 I will not be making a political statement in support of any party. 02:50.050 --> 02:55.670 I won't be litigating any lawsuit or critiquing any judicial officer. 02:56.550 --> 03:01.850 So with that out of the way, let's get into the agenda of reflections. 03:04.590 --> 03:12.170 First, I'm going to explain the structure of the American government, including state and federal similarities. 03:12.330 --> 03:20.870 Second, I'm going to introduce how my lawsuit came to be, the origins of the campaign, and the lawsuit that followed. 03:21.070 --> 03:29.810 Three, I'm going to highlight issues and share the oddities of election law that I learned along the way. 03:30.010 --> 03:36.050 And fourth, I'm going to share some information and some resources for your reference. 03:36.050 --> 03:51.470 And finally, as you can see on the bottom, the overall objective here is to educate and broaden the community of people that can become experts in how the system works so they can help improve it over time. 03:53.780 --> 03:56.880 Getting into it, democracy now. 03:57.540 --> 03:59.840 You may already know that the U.S. 03:59.840 --> 04:02.770 federal system has three branches of government. 04:03.450 --> 04:11.050 And to keep things simple and to appeal to DEFCON's global audience, this slide represents how the U.S. 04:11.050 --> 04:16.350 Constitution, through its different articles, structures the federal government. 04:16.990 --> 04:30.050 This system of co-equal branches of government is meant to accomplish an appropriate balance of powers, thereby achieving a level of accountability and independence that is good for governance. 04:30.930 --> 04:41.570 You can think of these branches of government as the rule makers, rule enforcers, and rule interpreters. 04:41.570 --> 04:44.310 But there's more to the U.S. 04:44.330 --> 04:47.270 than the federal national government. 04:47.330 --> 04:49.790 There are state and local governments. 04:50.710 --> 04:59.310 The states follow a similar structure of government, using a state constitution and establishing co-equal branches of government. 05:00.050 --> 05:13.630 But what is more important to understand is that these local state governments are typically much more impactful than the federal government in terms of your everyday life. 05:13.630 --> 05:20.050 So how do the national and state local governments share power? 05:20.470 --> 05:22.330 Let's take a look. 05:23.690 --> 05:30.150 Wow, this one might make your eyes glaze over, but stay with me. 05:30.630 --> 05:40.490 We know from before that it is the constitutions that inform us as to the sharing of powers between the federal and state local government. 05:40.490 --> 05:46.450 For instance, as you can see on the bottom of this slide, the 10th Amendment of the U.S. 05:46.450 --> 06:03.510 Constitution declares, as we'll discuss more later, the, and I quote, the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. 06:03.910 --> 06:06.850 That's a mouthful and a very old sentence. 06:06.850 --> 06:09.490 We're talking 1776, right? 06:09.930 --> 06:12.330 So what does that mean? 06:12.490 --> 06:20.110 In other words, states have all powers not granted to the federal government under the Constitution. 06:20.870 --> 06:29.110 So conveniently, this slide gives some examples of the sharing of powers via exclusive and concurrent powers. 06:29.110 --> 06:36.750 And what should really be a Venn diagram, but let's just focus on this slide from left to right. 06:36.950 --> 06:45.590 The exclusive federal powers are things like coining money and declaring war, conducting foreign affairs. 06:45.650 --> 06:53.550 In the middle, we've got concurrent and shared powers, and those are things like taxation and establishing courts. 06:54.090 --> 06:59.230 And finally, on the right, we have exclusive state powers, like conducting elections. 06:59.230 --> 07:09.510 And that's a little bit of a gray area because the federal government does have some administration aspects related to elections. 07:09.830 --> 07:19.790 And I wouldn't really call it a completely exclusive state power, but the states do control the elections and how they proceed. 07:19.790 --> 07:24.570 There's also providing for public safety, health, and welfare. 07:25.150 --> 07:39.310 But the point of showing this slide is to demonstrate that state and local governments have much more power to influence communities than is often expected by its citizens. 07:39.350 --> 07:43.610 So let's explore some of those local powers some more. 07:45.490 --> 07:48.830 The impact lies locally. 07:48.830 --> 07:56.510 Just take a minute to take in the amount of powers and responsibility that is delegated to local authorities. 07:56.510 --> 08:18.810 We have budgeting, prioritizing, human resource functions, program management, taxation, ordinances and resolutions, charter and constitutional amendments, zoning and land use and eminent domain, regulating public health and safety, as we previously discussed, 08:18.810 --> 08:22.090 and liaisoning to other governments. 08:22.810 --> 08:26.190 But for today, we want to focus on elections. 08:26.550 --> 08:36.950 So now that we've briefly examined some of the structural foundations of the American government, we have arrived at our next point on this journey of learning. 08:37.290 --> 08:40.950 And that is the second point in the agenda. 08:41.250 --> 08:56.230 Stories from my own campaign and related lawsuit while seeking a seat on the local city council of the city of Peoria, Arizona, not Peoria, Illinois, for all the Midwesterners listening. 08:56.490 --> 08:59.210 Shout out to Sec KC, by the way. 09:01.830 --> 09:04.110 So why run? 09:04.870 --> 09:18.530 Well, I hope that the previous slides have established, at least in part, that running for local office can provide a great platform to bring positive influence to your community. 09:18.850 --> 09:28.230 And specifically, on this slide is my answer in quotes to this question of why run that I gave to the local newspaper, Peoria Times. 09:28.230 --> 09:37.270 I talked about my campaign platform, community safety, more engagement, and better protection of people's opportunities and legal rights. 09:37.270 --> 09:43.350 I also talked about my qualifications as a lawyer and my connection to the community. 09:43.350 --> 09:53.870 But what isn't on this slide or in the newspaper is clarification of what kind of candidate I was and how that impacted my chances of winning. 09:54.610 --> 10:04.130 And I don't mean what kind of candidate I was in terms of person or party affiliation, but from a procedural perspective. 10:04.450 --> 10:08.990 That is to say, I was a write-in candidate. 10:10.630 --> 10:15.890 To understand write-in candidates, think of Kanye West. 10:16.450 --> 10:30.830 He would most likely be considered a write-in candidate for the 2020 presidential election, but he would not be considered an official write-in candidate because he probably has not filed the necessary paperwork. 10:31.070 --> 10:38.550 Just as individuals often write-in candidates like Jesus or Mickey Mouse, these candidates are not official. 10:38.550 --> 10:44.530 They cannot serve if they get the requisite number of votes. 10:45.110 --> 10:53.490 This is because they haven't complied with the other rules and regulations or filing of paperwork that might be necessary. 10:53.870 --> 11:03.750 So I was an official write-in, meaning that votes for me would count and meaning that I filled out the extra necessary paperwork. 11:03.750 --> 11:05.710 But why was I a write-in? 11:05.710 --> 11:23.390 It's an unusual election that I took part in and it also coincided with an unusual and unfortunate time in my own life, but I nonetheless found it important to carry on as you'll see in the next slide. 11:27.220 --> 11:33.100 Despite the fact that most write-in candidates lose their elections, why continue? 11:33.660 --> 11:40.220 Well, as was noted by my alma mater here on the right side of the slide, I felt compelled. 11:40.220 --> 11:50.100 But more importantly, why I felt compelled was because of my care for the community and to carry on what others before me had started. 11:50.740 --> 12:05.980 For instance, Carlo Rocky Leon, who became a sort of mentor to myself and my sibling, had received honors from the National League of Cities and earned the respect of his constituents in my city for over 20 years. 12:05.980 --> 12:15.860 I wanted to carry that legacy forward and I would get that opportunity to try in 2018, or rather 2019. 12:16.260 --> 12:19.140 But let's first start with 2018. 12:20.020 --> 12:26.460 Background to the 2018 race, which I did not take part in. 12:26.720 --> 12:42.520 As I mentioned, someone I looked up to, Rocky, who was the Pine District Councilman for so long, he actually won the 2018 race, which I did not partake in. 12:42.740 --> 12:51.820 But unfortunately, a few months into it, Rocky's term was cut short and due to health reasons, he was forced to resign. 12:52.820 --> 12:58.780 So this brings us to the background to the 2019 special election race. 13:01.420 --> 13:06.740 You can see there are two ballot candidates, Danette on the left and Randall on the right. 13:06.740 --> 13:10.140 And there's me, the write-in candidate, in the middle. 13:10.140 --> 13:13.020 This story gets a bit more complex. 13:18.460 --> 13:32.560 During the election, Reigns drops out for health reasons and it is reported that he has said about his medically forced withdrawal that having a very qualified write-in candidate makes his decision a little easier. 13:32.560 --> 13:36.200 This will allow the voters to have a choice in this election. 13:38.650 --> 13:40.790 Hopeful for voter choice? 13:40.910 --> 13:45.250 You can see Reigns' quote there, on the left and on the right. 13:45.810 --> 13:47.190 And perhaps Mr. 13:47.190 --> 13:50.030 Reigns knew something that I didn't at that time. 13:50.050 --> 13:53.270 In fact, it's interesting to note that Mr. 13:53.270 --> 14:07.450 Reigns was passed over by the sitting Peoria Council, who made Danette Dunn the interim council member and seemingly favored Dunn after publicly backing her at events in the 2018 race that she lost. 14:08.150 --> 14:10.370 Thus, it's very possible that Mr. 14:10.370 --> 14:14.770 Reigns may have already been aware of something afoot. 14:15.150 --> 14:16.770 But what was it? 14:17.710 --> 14:20.390 And this brings us to the controversy. 14:21.350 --> 14:23.010 Might not have been what Mr. 14:23.010 --> 14:32.630 Reigns was thinking about, but he was concerned with the city providing choice to its constituents. 14:33.470 --> 14:45.830 And I'd like to begin talking about this lawsuit by reading the introductory paragraph of our complaint, because this gives the high-level story of the lawsuit from my perspective. 14:45.830 --> 14:53.330 Though other lawyers may simply call it hyperbole, the ones listening in on the voting village will probably not. 14:55.070 --> 15:05.630 I quote, most election experts across the United States of America agree that our election processes are vulnerable in a variety of ways. 15:05.670 --> 15:10.370 These are not limited to attacks on elections from outsiders. 15:10.370 --> 15:22.150 In fact, this statement of contest concerns an unscrupulous internal attack and misinformation campaign that led to an election result that is believed to be illegitimate. 15:22.150 --> 15:33.210 Indeed, a democratic state necessitates that its citizens are adequately informed by the state, or at a minimum, are not misled or misinformed by the state about election matters. 15:33.510 --> 15:36.210 So what really happened? 15:37.010 --> 15:42.010 You can see something there on the right about a postcard. 15:42.230 --> 15:45.450 And we'll definitely get to that. 15:45.570 --> 15:51.370 But the allegations against the city are many and should be viewed as cumulative. 15:51.430 --> 16:09.110 The allegations range from enforcing inaccurate and outdated sign regulations against my campaign, withholding voter data, improperly removing my campaign signs, inciting my campaign volunteers for irrelevant code violations. 16:11.530 --> 16:21.050 However, one of the primary controversies as it relates to this special election in 2019 is about a postcard. 16:21.450 --> 16:39.570 And specifically, the city overstepped its responsibility and improperly did so, not in accordance with the letter of the law, by sending out a postcard under a pretext of an update, when that update clearly helped the city's preferred candidate over all others. 16:39.890 --> 16:56.990 Essentially, the city of Peoria, despite having an agreement with the Secretary of State to handle the election procedures, took it upon themselves to release a postcard not in line with the letter of law on or around the day that the ballots arrived. 16:57.710 --> 17:13.390 As you can see on the right side of the slide, the postcard, which the court ultimately confirmed was sent to voters not in accordance with the letter of the law, appeared to many voters to be confusing and as an endorsement of the other candidate. 17:13.890 --> 17:17.770 For the record, this was an all-mail-in election. 17:18.250 --> 17:27.660 And what's extra notable is that in order to win in the primary, you must win by a certain percentage, 50% plus one. 17:27.990 --> 17:42.010 And this is important because if there isn't a conclusive winner, then the general election would need to happen and all candidates would be on the ballot, including the write-in candidate myself. 17:42.250 --> 17:51.830 So in that context, the content of the postcard becomes very clear in its motives, especially its timing. 17:52.230 --> 18:01.610 The postcard contained a message that wasn't meant to simply inform of all candidates. 18:01.730 --> 18:04.310 In fact, it didn't inform of all candidates. 18:04.310 --> 18:17.910 It was meant to partially inform of candidate updates and ultimately discourage wasted votes on one candidate in exchange for the other known candidate on the ballot. 18:19.690 --> 18:21.690 Let's take a closer look. 18:25.500 --> 18:29.060 As you can see here, on the left is the law. 18:29.060 --> 18:30.400 This is a part of our complaint. 18:30.400 --> 18:37.720 And on the right is instructions that the Secretary of State, not the City of Peoria, the Secretary of State provided. 18:37.720 --> 19:05.400 And you can see the law in ARS 16343G, which is excerpt on the left side of the slide in our complaint, requires that notice of withdrawn candidates shall be made available by providing with the early ballot instructions, the things on the right, a website address for information regarding withdrawn and write-in candidates. 19:05.680 --> 19:10.620 So on the right side, look what was provided by the Secretary of State. 19:10.620 --> 19:15.680 It's circled right there, a website address for updates about candidates. 19:16.060 --> 19:18.520 This follows the law. 19:18.660 --> 19:21.840 But this wasn't all that was done. 19:22.140 --> 19:24.880 This is all that should have been done. 19:24.980 --> 19:40.300 But let's look to the next slide to see what the city actually did in terms of notice to its voters, which we already know was in addition to what the state election law provides, right here on this slide. 19:43.510 --> 19:45.630 So the postcard is on the right. 19:46.370 --> 19:49.910 And the details are clearly more than what is required. 19:50.270 --> 19:51.750 It states how Mr. 19:51.750 --> 19:56.950 Raines is no longer a candidate and that votes towards him will not count. 19:56.950 --> 19:58.890 Don't waste your vote on him. 19:59.450 --> 20:02.070 He's not, he's out of the race. 20:02.070 --> 20:08.410 So the implication here is if you want your vote to count, it's to vote for a single person on the ballot. 20:08.410 --> 20:09.510 Then that's done. 20:09.510 --> 20:14.930 Or simply abstain from voting because a lack of awareness of another candidate. 20:15.470 --> 20:33.690 Notably, write-in candidates have the biggest challenge of really marketing and letting people know that you're out there and you're in the race and you are wanting to represent their interests. 20:33.990 --> 20:50.510 And to have this postcard come out and simply provide what seems to be a partial update, not in accordance with the letter of the law. 20:50.910 --> 20:54.270 From my vantage point, this is a clear violation of law. 20:54.270 --> 20:57.890 It's not just not the letter, it's a violation. 20:58.070 --> 21:02.550 And the court agreed insofar as the city was not following the letter of the law. 21:02.550 --> 21:06.350 But as you'll see, that didn't matter much in the end. 21:06.670 --> 21:11.050 So what did I request as a remedy anyways? 21:18.770 --> 21:22.110 I wanted the results set aside. 21:22.130 --> 21:27.810 I wanted to organize a general election as scheduled and required if primaries are inconclusive. 21:28.590 --> 21:31.490 And to get on the ballot of any new election. 21:31.870 --> 21:39.150 And crucially, I wanted to stop officials from exerting improper influence or engaging in misconduct. 21:39.530 --> 21:46.930 But what's really important to understand is that I did not want to file this lawsuit against my hometown. 21:47.750 --> 21:53.950 This is a painful experience, one that was awkward. 21:53.990 --> 22:06.130 And ultimately, just as I felt compelled to run as a writing candidate, I felt compelled to file this lawsuit for my community and the hundreds of individuals that wrote my name on the ballot. 22:06.750 --> 22:10.130 Correctly, I might add, which is a feat. 22:10.450 --> 22:22.450 And because I saw something that I thought was wrong, I thought it was a violation, I wanted to have a judge take a look at it and make a determination for the betterment of our election system. 22:22.830 --> 22:26.710 But that's not exactly how the press covered the story. 22:26.790 --> 22:29.650 And it's not how the city viewed the lawsuit either. 22:33.480 --> 22:39.320 So as you might expect, the city of Peoria maintained that they did nothing wrong. 22:39.500 --> 22:44.320 The city of Peoria and interim council member Dunn sought dismissal of the action. 22:44.640 --> 22:53.540 The city went as far as claiming that the court didn't have jurisdiction over the city due to perceived lack of service of process. 22:54.160 --> 23:04.520 And I'm not going to go into why I don't agree with those arguments, but I will go into some of the procedure. 23:04.840 --> 23:07.240 And this is for all the legal nerds out there. 23:07.360 --> 23:21.780 The case was set for a hearing on a motion to dismiss, but we ultimately received an expedited hearing on the merits after informing the judge through another emergency filing that the case was an election contest. 23:22.560 --> 23:30.680 And that we were entitled to an evidentiary hearing on the merits of the case within 10 days, according to Arizona law. 23:31.020 --> 23:50.800 The judge agreed and we were eventually offered an evidentiary hearing, but we were ultimately not successful, despite that we believe there were multiple violations of law and that the city admitted in court for the application of inaccurate election-related regulations against my campaign. 23:50.800 --> 24:02.340 Moreover, the press was not particularly kind, making the lawsuit appear frivolous and as a waste of resources, so much so that I was getting additional hate mail. 24:02.480 --> 24:10.400 Something you just get used to as a politician or a would-be politician, I guess. 24:11.060 --> 24:22.060 Also, what's critical is that the judge did not believe the lawsuit was frivolous and did not order me to pay the city or Dunn's attorney's fee. 24:23.960 --> 24:25.960 I guess that's a small win. 24:27.780 --> 24:45.700 So, before discussing lessons learned, I want to turn to Montesquieu on the spirit of laws, because it is relevant to how I feel in this instance as, well, they follow the spirit of the law, not the letter. 24:45.800 --> 24:51.880 But it's also relevant because it was required reading for our founding father. 24:51.920 --> 25:06.180 Montesquieu writes in reference to a brutal state with not much of a procedural due process in terms of a legal system, I quote, for one to have the passions of pleaders would be quite dangerous. 25:06.180 --> 25:17.320 The passions presuppose an ardent desire to see justice done, a hatred and active spirit, and a steadfastness in pursuit of justice. 25:17.560 --> 25:34.780 To me, this quote stands out because I believe I was perceived as a threat, a political one, and upon making my pleadings be known in court, I was considered even more so, despite that in my heart, spirit, and action, I was simply seeking justice for the people. 25:35.960 --> 25:37.980 Maybe that is exactly why. 25:38.140 --> 25:54.820 But just as the local paper's quotes of mine on this slide demonstrate, despite disagreeing with the decision, I decided to move on and not appeal for practical reasons like money and time and futileness. 25:55.100 --> 26:09.360 Or perhaps, as in the words again of Montesquieu, each man should know that the magistrate must not hear of him and that he owes his safety only to his nothingness. 26:10.800 --> 26:12.900 So, no appeal. 26:13.680 --> 26:26.260 Alas, all said and done, I consider this lawsuit a small victory towards ensuring election integrity, and I hope the lawsuit encourages others to file similar legal actions. 26:26.460 --> 26:32.580 It should be noted here that if you're a voter, you probably have legal standing to sue. 26:32.700 --> 26:35.520 You don't have to have skin in the game like I did. 26:35.840 --> 26:42.860 So, if you see or experience suspicious activities or misconduct during an election, say something. 26:43.780 --> 26:48.180 Now we can get into the bigger picture and lessons learned. 26:55.610 --> 27:04.370 So, this personal experience that I wouldn't really wish on anyone made me dig deeper into our electoral system. 27:04.370 --> 27:25.390 And from my research and experience, it has become increasingly clear that many human and structural problems exist, including how the branches of government share power related to elections and the jurisprudence related to how the courts decide matters of importance concerning election issues. 27:25.390 --> 27:38.130 Although I do not bring forward a complete solution, below are some of the primary issues that I believe we need to address as a society to ensure a more secure and fair democracy. 27:39.110 --> 27:47.970 We need to implement strong federal standards for protecting voting rights and eliminate pretexts for stacking the deck. 27:48.130 --> 28:07.830 The case that really comes to mind is Roosh versus Common Cause, which is a 2019 Supreme Court case involving North Carolina and Maryland racial gerrymandering, which is, of course, redrawing of district lines to have a political guarantee of seats, say. 28:07.830 --> 28:33.410 And the court ruled against the plaintiffs, finding that the partisan advantage is actually permissible in terms of intent behind districting choices, because this issue is to be left with the legislature and not to be decided with the courts. 28:33.610 --> 28:42.330 And the turning point for the decision was, there are no legal standards that are discernible. 28:47.050 --> 28:55.870 And they turn to fairness, and they say, fairness, as you can see on the slide, fairness is not a judicially manageable standard. 28:57.210 --> 29:08.590 And I find that to be untrue, because courts sit in fairness and equity all the time. 29:08.970 --> 29:12.710 So a decision like this, it makes a lot of people cringe. 29:12.710 --> 29:16.190 And I believe this was a 5-4 decision, meaning it was really close. 29:16.270 --> 29:21.330 And that means our Supreme Court justices were not in agreement. 29:21.810 --> 29:26.270 And so hopefully this case gets revisited along with some other cases. 29:26.370 --> 29:30.030 But I don't have time to go into a whole lot of other cases. 29:30.030 --> 29:35.170 But what I would like to discuss is the pandemic election litigation happening in 2020. 29:35.170 --> 29:47.450 And as of right now, there are dozens and perhaps maybe by now hundreds of cases that over the past few months, have been just ticking up in terms of numbers. 29:47.450 --> 29:49.430 And this really spells trouble. 29:49.690 --> 29:52.170 It could either be a good or a bad thing. 29:52.170 --> 29:55.210 It means people are fighting inequities. 29:56.310 --> 30:03.430 Or, and I guess there's each dispute will have a side to it. 30:03.430 --> 30:09.390 I just hope that a lot of these pandemic election litigations get resolved in the proper way. 30:09.390 --> 30:23.810 Because these are dealing with things like, how do high risk individuals in a pandemic, in a hotspot, accomplish voting safely? 30:24.070 --> 30:31.210 This is not something that America should really be struggling with in 2020. 30:31.210 --> 30:35.950 It seems it seems beneath us. 30:35.950 --> 30:51.870 And I really implore all those that are still listening to speak up about these election fairness issues, and voting rights and become more knowledgeable on these topics. 30:51.870 --> 30:54.750 I'm not the top expert in this field. 30:54.750 --> 30:58.530 I'm a privacy lawyer, data protection lawyer. 30:59.090 --> 31:02.230 This is something I learned almost on accident. 31:02.490 --> 31:09.210 And so for all those that aren't on the front lines of the litigation, let's go to the bottom of this slide. 31:09.210 --> 31:24.210 I would say get involved in the fight for democracy and more secure elections by getting involved in different organizations, like support fighting election disinformation, which is what the election and integrity partnership is doing, EIP. 31:24.370 --> 31:30.510 And I love this idea because they are not focused on the candidates, what the candidates are saying. 31:30.510 --> 31:33.110 They're focused on content. 31:33.110 --> 31:47.810 So not necessarily political content, but content intended to suppress voting, reduce participation, focus or confuse voters as to election processes, or delegitimize election results without evidence. 31:47.830 --> 31:59.470 These are certainly big ticket items and challenges in 2020, especially with November, right around the corner. 31:59.470 --> 32:12.230 And with so much misinformation out there, not simply by, as in this case, it was alleged that the misinformation was coming from the government. 32:12.230 --> 32:17.110 And I think that's happening probably throughout the government of the United States. 32:17.110 --> 32:26.170 But I think as it relates to a lot of disinformation, we have to be very wary of things we're seeing online. 32:26.170 --> 32:37.730 So do your part in encouraging others to be careful, those that might not be so digitally savvy as those that might be listening to this presentation. 32:37.730 --> 32:47.670 So I really want to close this with some concluding thoughts and not get too hung up on a lot of the other cautionary tales that are out there. 32:47.670 --> 32:54.990 And clearly, as I mentioned, there's dozens and dozens of them that are playing out in the courts right now. 32:54.990 --> 32:58.070 So be on the lookout for those things. 32:58.270 --> 33:03.350 Be aware of these things that are happening and speak up against them when you can. 33:06.090 --> 33:14.370 So to conclude here, this story and experience, it didn't make me lose faith in democracy. 33:14.490 --> 33:16.430 It wasn't a negative experience. 33:16.430 --> 33:19.070 There were negative aspects of it, that's for sure. 33:19.230 --> 33:21.630 There were painful moments. 33:21.830 --> 33:36.330 But speaking to constituents that felt like they were misled by the city, and they're asking you to help fix it, that was something, again, I felt compelled to do. 33:36.330 --> 33:37.650 And I did it. 33:37.650 --> 33:43.290 And we fought the fought, but we lost those battles. 33:43.430 --> 33:45.970 And I think the war is still raging on. 33:45.970 --> 33:50.390 So these are two lost battles, a lost election and a lost litigation. 33:50.670 --> 33:54.490 But I did learn a lot. 33:54.490 --> 33:56.190 It was a journey of learning. 33:56.390 --> 33:58.690 And I didn't think I needed it as a lawyer. 33:58.690 --> 34:00.290 But I did. 34:00.290 --> 34:02.870 And I'm glad I endured this. 34:02.930 --> 34:06.250 And some of the lessons that I learned are listed here. 34:06.250 --> 34:08.350 So we can read through the slide together. 34:08.350 --> 34:10.370 Democracy is not perfect, right? 34:10.370 --> 34:12.250 It's made up of humans. 34:12.250 --> 34:13.910 You get things wrong. 34:13.910 --> 34:15.810 And it's not just institutions, right? 34:15.810 --> 34:17.390 It's not just separation of powers. 34:17.390 --> 34:17.870 And that's it. 34:17.870 --> 34:19.230 Everything's okay. 34:19.570 --> 34:26.330 And hackers know the persistent vulnerabilities of humans in pursuit of securing any information system. 34:26.330 --> 34:33.670 So it should make sense to you all here that humans need monitored closely, especially when democracy is at stake. 34:35.370 --> 34:47.250 Strengthening voting rights and securing elections will require hard work and advocacy, which usually means money and lawyers and lots of it and them, for better or worse. 34:47.370 --> 34:51.970 And election litigation, as I've come to find out, is a beast of its own. 34:51.970 --> 34:56.390 Remember, I'm a data protection lawyer and not an election lawyer. 34:57.010 --> 34:59.190 This happened by accident. 34:59.470 --> 35:11.770 And knowing the importance of these cases, these election cases and the expedited schedules for resolution, makes this fight for democracy very difficult without experts. 35:11.770 --> 35:18.010 So if you see something, say something. 35:18.010 --> 35:32.070 If you're involved in helping advocate for voter rights and you see something or you run for local office and you see something that you don't think is right, reach out. 35:32.070 --> 35:33.130 Reach out to me. 35:33.210 --> 35:39.330 I may not be the person to help you, but reach out to somebody that has more knowledge than you do. 35:39.450 --> 35:50.670 I perhaps would have done better in the litigation had I sought out an election law lawyer early in the process, but that wasn't in the cards for me. 35:50.670 --> 35:55.130 I hope it will be for you if you ever find yourself in such a bind. 35:55.210 --> 35:57.230 And here's the bonus lesson. 35:57.290 --> 36:09.670 You might already know this one, but for those of you that get into politics, local or otherwise, or find yourself, for whatever reason, speaking to the press, do not blindly trust them. 36:09.790 --> 36:16.510 Usually they're not interested in telling your story or sometimes not even the true story. 36:16.630 --> 36:21.830 And they are often interested in telling their own version of the story for their reader base. 36:21.830 --> 36:24.910 And I can't hate them for that. 36:24.910 --> 36:26.050 They are making a living. 36:26.050 --> 36:26.770 That's their job. 36:26.770 --> 36:29.150 But do not trust them blindly. 36:29.290 --> 36:32.310 It will do more damage to you than good. 36:32.430 --> 36:36.010 I would bet on that. 36:36.010 --> 36:38.970 So thank you so much. 36:38.970 --> 36:46.270 And I'm happy that I had this opportunity to do this, even if it was virtual. 36:46.430 --> 36:51.070 I really appreciate all of you that stuck it out and made it this long. 36:51.070 --> 36:52.030 Thank you so much. 36:52.030 --> 36:52.870 I appreciate you. 36:52.870 --> 36:55.230 If you have questions, please reach out to me. 36:55.230 --> 37:05.990 And as you can see here, my own lawyer on this case, who is also not an election lawyer on the left there, Brittany, is another sublime law attorney. 37:05.990 --> 37:12.990 And she's here with me on the left there at DEFCON 27 Voting Village. 37:12.990 --> 37:14.310 And we will return. 37:14.310 --> 37:17.010 So if you see us, make sure to say hello. 37:17.010 --> 37:25.730 We will definitely stop into the Voting Village and try to gain some additional knowledge as the years go on. 37:25.730 --> 37:31.410 So thank you all and have a great and fantastic rest of your summer.