1 00:00:06,779 --> 00:00:09,420 yeah hi everyone first of all thank you 2 00:00:09,420 --> 00:00:11,519 for having me Defcon blue team Village 3 00:00:11,519 --> 00:00:13,679 team and thank you for joining my 4 00:00:13,679 --> 00:00:16,020 presentations and most of all most of 5 00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:18,720 the security researchers would like to 6 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:20,939 share their great finding and excellent 7 00:00:20,939 --> 00:00:22,619 achievement through the security 8 00:00:22,619 --> 00:00:25,680 conference but in this talk I would like 9 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:28,320 to share my failure in the threat 10 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,099 intelligence industry so the title is 11 00:00:31,099 --> 00:00:33,840 attribution and bias by terrible 12 00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:35,460 mistakes in Israel intelligence 13 00:00:35,460 --> 00:00:36,719 attributions 14 00:00:36,719 --> 00:00:39,719 then let's start 15 00:00:39,719 --> 00:00:43,079 yeah before moving on allow me to 16 00:00:43,079 --> 00:00:45,539 introduce myself briefly my name is 17 00:00:45,539 --> 00:00:47,700 Susan Spa from South Korea and I'm 18 00:00:47,700 --> 00:00:50,399 working in Kaspersky great Global 19 00:00:50,399 --> 00:00:52,860 Research and Analysis team as a lead 20 00:00:52,860 --> 00:00:55,620 security researcher and I'm the only one 21 00:00:55,620 --> 00:00:58,020 who can speak the Korean in our team so 22 00:00:58,020 --> 00:01:01,140 I'm usually tracking the Korean speaking 23 00:01:01,140 --> 00:01:04,080 student actors such as the Lazarus and 24 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:06,840 blue note of kimski duck hotel and 25 00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:09,680 scarcraft 26 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:14,760 and yeah I believe the attendees of this 27 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:17,280 conference already knew about what is 28 00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:18,600 the certain intelligence and 29 00:01:18,600 --> 00:01:21,659 attributions but for the people who are 30 00:01:21,659 --> 00:01:24,299 not familiar with them let me introduce 31 00:01:24,299 --> 00:01:25,680 them briefly 32 00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:27,960 the thread intelligence where the cyber 33 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:29,640 security intelligence is a kind of 34 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:32,400 information gathered from various 35 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,880 resources and about current where the 36 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:38,460 potential Cyber attack against the 37 00:01:38,460 --> 00:01:42,000 organizations or individuals and I think 38 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,540 the key point of intelligence is 39 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,820 evidence-based and the actionable advice 40 00:01:47,820 --> 00:01:49,979 Australian intelligence researcher like 41 00:01:49,979 --> 00:01:52,680 me produce the actionable items to 42 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:55,860 respond the Cyber attack with with much 43 00:01:55,860 --> 00:01:57,659 information 44 00:01:57,659 --> 00:02:00,659 and simply the attribution is the 45 00:02:00,659 --> 00:02:03,119 process to rebuild the foods behind the 46 00:02:03,119 --> 00:02:06,719 Cyber attack so it could be specific 47 00:02:06,719 --> 00:02:09,780 groups or individuals or countries as 48 00:02:09,780 --> 00:02:12,020 well 49 00:02:12,599 --> 00:02:15,000 then let's start to talk about my 50 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:17,520 terrible failure experience in student 51 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:19,800 intelligence industry the first case was 52 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:23,700 caused by my perception of bias 53 00:02:23,700 --> 00:02:27,300 and maybe you already know about the 54 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:29,220 Olympic distributorial Target 55 00:02:29,220 --> 00:02:32,519 the pyeongchang Winter Olympics and it 56 00:02:32,519 --> 00:02:36,660 happened on February 8 2018 8 PM the 57 00:02:36,660 --> 00:02:39,900 local time the exact same time the 58 00:02:39,900 --> 00:02:42,480 Winter Olympic opening ceremony began 59 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:45,420 and this sabotage attack accompanied 60 00:02:45,420 --> 00:02:48,840 White Memorial so it made a lot of 61 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:51,060 damage to the Olympic Committee and 62 00:02:51,060 --> 00:02:53,220 according to the Olympic Committee more 63 00:02:53,220 --> 00:02:57,420 than 300 servers was were affected and 64 00:02:57,420 --> 00:02:59,700 many critical Services were suspended 65 00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:03,540 including the Wi-Fi and email transports 66 00:03:03,540 --> 00:03:06,060 and accommodations because of this 67 00:03:06,060 --> 00:03:09,840 reputation history or 10. 68 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:12,560 you know Olympic Destroyer is one mobile 69 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:15,599 that spreads itself with destruction 70 00:03:15,599 --> 00:03:18,120 capability it consists of four 71 00:03:18,120 --> 00:03:20,400 components the window credential scaler 72 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:23,700 browser credential Stellar PSE exists 73 00:03:23,700 --> 00:03:26,040 tool for lateral movements and the wiper 74 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:28,319 malware or system destruction 75 00:03:28,319 --> 00:03:30,299 and you can see that the other 76 00:03:30,299 --> 00:03:32,099 components are based on the public 77 00:03:32,099 --> 00:03:35,099 source code such as a mini cuts 78 00:03:35,099 --> 00:03:38,280 the only module that can be used for The 79 00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:40,319 Binding could similarity with the other 80 00:03:40,319 --> 00:03:43,739 malware was the wiper model so a lot of 81 00:03:43,739 --> 00:03:47,040 vendors start to dig into this wiper 82 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:49,340 malware 83 00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:52,319 and in the early stage of Olympics only 84 00:03:52,319 --> 00:03:54,599 stage of Olympic history research Main 85 00:03:54,599 --> 00:03:57,900 Event there was confused uh who is 86 00:03:57,900 --> 00:04:00,060 behind the this attention one Bender 87 00:04:00,060 --> 00:04:01,319 said 88 00:04:01,319 --> 00:04:04,860 it is related to the napatia or dark web 89 00:04:04,860 --> 00:04:07,439 in instance and the other vendors urge 90 00:04:07,439 --> 00:04:09,720 that it was the letters and another 91 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:11,879 vendor said the chinese-speaking actor 92 00:04:11,879 --> 00:04:13,920 was behind the disotech 93 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:17,279 and I also started to look into this 94 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:19,500 model and at the beginning of this 95 00:04:19,500 --> 00:04:23,100 research I had some bias and 96 00:04:23,100 --> 00:04:25,800 historically letters were blue North 97 00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:28,500 grew conducted a sabotage attack with 98 00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:32,520 the wiper malware so I think this case 99 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:35,520 could be associated with these groups as 100 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:37,620 well we don't know if you want blue 101 00:04:37,620 --> 00:04:39,120 ledgers 102 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:41,820 and with this biased perception I start 103 00:04:41,820 --> 00:04:44,820 to find the evidence to fit into my own 104 00:04:44,820 --> 00:04:47,400 conclusion and first of all the file 105 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:50,639 name of Olympics two you used has some 106 00:04:50,639 --> 00:04:52,860 similarity with the balloon of verb used 107 00:04:52,860 --> 00:04:53,759 before 108 00:04:53,759 --> 00:04:55,740 you can see the Olympic District used 109 00:04:55,740 --> 00:04:59,639 the evtc HK type text divide and 110 00:04:59,639 --> 00:05:01,860 previously The Blue Notes group used a 111 00:05:01,860 --> 00:05:03,720 very similar file name before 112 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:07,080 and also the wiper used by the Blue Note 113 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:09,479 group has some 114 00:05:09,479 --> 00:05:11,820 these kind of code similarity with the 115 00:05:11,820 --> 00:05:14,940 Olympic history but but you know it's a 116 00:05:14,940 --> 00:05:16,919 common code for 117 00:05:16,919 --> 00:05:20,759 uh while wiping securely so I cannot 118 00:05:20,759 --> 00:05:22,680 charge only using this constant 119 00:05:22,680 --> 00:05:25,340 similarities 120 00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:29,419 and the additional things that 121 00:05:29,419 --> 00:05:32,639 consolidate consolidate my bias was 122 00:05:32,639 --> 00:05:36,000 which headers very famous research from 123 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:39,120 my colleague and this is the rich header 124 00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:41,160 is an undocumented header in the key 125 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:44,460 file it contains a minor version of a 126 00:05:44,460 --> 00:05:46,979 compiler the unique identifier of the 127 00:05:46,979 --> 00:05:48,539 type of objects 128 00:05:48,539 --> 00:05:51,000 and how many times it is used by the 129 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:54,840 Lincoln so therefore if the developer 130 00:05:54,840 --> 00:05:56,940 used a different number of source code 131 00:05:56,940 --> 00:05:59,400 and the development environment the rich 132 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:04,340 header could be had a different values 133 00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:08,179 so 134 00:06:13,139 --> 00:06:15,660 so we extract which header from the 135 00:06:15,660 --> 00:06:18,960 wiper malware and made a data rule 136 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:23,039 to run to our repository and you know we 137 00:06:23,039 --> 00:06:25,259 are the antivirus company which means we 138 00:06:25,259 --> 00:06:27,660 have a hundreds of us millions of 139 00:06:27,660 --> 00:06:31,080 malware in our repository but using this 140 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:33,960 data rules only four blender malware was 141 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:35,220 detected 142 00:06:35,220 --> 00:06:37,440 and it means the Olympic District of 143 00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:39,600 malware and blue not from malware will 144 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:41,819 develop in the same environment where 145 00:06:41,819 --> 00:06:43,800 where the same developer 146 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:47,460 so I almost conclude the blue notebook 147 00:06:47,460 --> 00:06:50,520 was behind the panchang Olympic Cyber 148 00:06:50,520 --> 00:06:52,639 attack 149 00:06:53,099 --> 00:06:55,940 however 150 00:06:56,039 --> 00:06:58,380 yeah my colleagues start to look into 151 00:06:58,380 --> 00:07:01,800 each other and according to the retailer 152 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:04,259 information from the white pomalware it 153 00:07:04,259 --> 00:07:06,599 was developed by Microsoft Visual Studio 154 00:07:06,599 --> 00:07:09,720 6 and after carefully look checking the 155 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:13,139 malware we find figure out is not mesh 156 00:07:13,139 --> 00:07:15,660 with the information from the source 157 00:07:15,660 --> 00:07:17,580 code internal source code 158 00:07:17,580 --> 00:07:20,220 and first Olympic history contains the 159 00:07:20,220 --> 00:07:23,720 MS corey.dlm module and which is the 160 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:25,979 microsoft.net one-time execution engine 161 00:07:25,979 --> 00:07:28,860 and this module was introduced after 162 00:07:28,860 --> 00:07:31,800 Visual Studio 6 which means the video 163 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:34,979 Studio 6 never adds this module 164 00:07:34,979 --> 00:07:37,319 automatically 165 00:07:37,319 --> 00:07:40,199 the other conclusive evidence was the 166 00:07:40,199 --> 00:07:42,919 team main CRT startup entry functions 167 00:07:42,919 --> 00:07:46,919 and that is is only produced with the 168 00:07:46,919 --> 00:07:49,919 one-time Library msqc 10 using the 169 00:07:49,919 --> 00:07:52,740 keyboard optimization options 170 00:07:52,740 --> 00:07:54,180 and 171 00:07:54,180 --> 00:07:58,500 only uh on top of that the the whole 172 00:07:58,500 --> 00:08:01,259 Olympic history of wiper was compiled on 173 00:08:01,259 --> 00:08:04,680 December 27 2017. 174 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:07,440 it's almost one and a half months 175 00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:08,940 earlier from the Olympic opening 176 00:08:08,940 --> 00:08:11,940 ceremony but there is one sample that is 177 00:08:11,940 --> 00:08:15,780 compiled on February 9 2018. 178 00:08:15,780 --> 00:08:18,360 on the exact the same data of Olympic 179 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:19,860 ceremony 180 00:08:19,860 --> 00:08:22,919 maybe the malware order produced this 181 00:08:22,919 --> 00:08:26,099 sample urgently for some reason and it 182 00:08:26,099 --> 00:08:28,919 contains the original Rich headers as 183 00:08:28,919 --> 00:08:30,900 you can see the rich header of these 184 00:08:30,900 --> 00:08:34,679 samples contains Visual Studio 2010 185 00:08:34,679 --> 00:08:38,039 information so in conclusion the rich 186 00:08:38,039 --> 00:08:41,099 header from the wiper is a big maybe it 187 00:08:41,099 --> 00:08:44,640 is for first flight 188 00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:48,120 and to sum up the more real order behind 189 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:49,880 the Olympics two year 190 00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:52,860 uh copy the rich header from the Blue 191 00:08:52,860 --> 00:08:55,740 Note model and paste it to their wiper 192 00:08:55,740 --> 00:09:00,060 to make a very sophisticated burst flag 193 00:09:00,060 --> 00:09:01,800 and this is 194 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,260 very stunning first flag operation from 195 00:09:04,260 --> 00:09:07,260 the actors and at this point uh I 196 00:09:07,260 --> 00:09:10,260 realized that my initial hypothesis was 197 00:09:10,260 --> 00:09:13,080 wrong I believe the blue model of screw 198 00:09:13,080 --> 00:09:16,320 is behind this attack but at this point 199 00:09:16,320 --> 00:09:18,240 we cannot figure out the booster behind 200 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:20,779 in this attack 201 00:09:21,300 --> 00:09:23,940 and beside the witch header story we 202 00:09:23,940 --> 00:09:26,580 find the we found additional victim from 203 00:09:26,580 --> 00:09:28,860 the South Korea and they are the skill 204 00:09:28,860 --> 00:09:31,320 results and compromised by the same 205 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:34,380 Olympic history malware at the same time 206 00:09:34,380 --> 00:09:38,220 so I contact them and decide to visit 207 00:09:38,220 --> 00:09:41,100 them to help so I quickly packed and 208 00:09:41,100 --> 00:09:44,700 went there using my car and we started 209 00:09:44,700 --> 00:09:47,040 investigations 210 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:49,860 and there are so much evidence still 211 00:09:49,860 --> 00:09:52,740 remaining at the scaviors and I 212 00:09:52,740 --> 00:09:55,380 collected all files and all this 213 00:09:55,380 --> 00:09:58,459 community of patience General post and 214 00:09:58,459 --> 00:10:01,740 logs from many hosts and as a as a 215 00:10:01,740 --> 00:10:04,200 result of this on-site investigations I 216 00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:07,440 found I can found how this redactor 217 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:10,860 infiltrates and move laterally to the 218 00:10:10,860 --> 00:10:13,440 high privilege host and run the Olympic 219 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:16,339 history of malware 220 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:19,320 so 221 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:21,720 yeah through this investigation we can 222 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:24,839 acquires a lot of evidence for initial 223 00:10:24,839 --> 00:10:27,360 infection the actor compromise 224 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:30,120 the third party software they are 225 00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:32,100 managed internal software for skill 226 00:10:32,100 --> 00:10:36,300 region to control those key gate opening 227 00:10:36,300 --> 00:10:38,640 and the actors sneak into the server 228 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:42,120 almost one week before the Olympic 229 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:44,399 opening ceremony and 230 00:10:44,399 --> 00:10:47,279 the threat actor heavily relied on the 231 00:10:47,279 --> 00:10:49,740 culture tools such as publisher Empire 232 00:10:49,740 --> 00:10:51,839 and the pulse Floyd 233 00:10:51,839 --> 00:10:54,420 and the actor used a common method for 234 00:10:54,420 --> 00:10:57,480 lateral movement using the psexcc and 235 00:10:57,480 --> 00:10:58,740 meter printer 236 00:10:58,740 --> 00:11:02,279 and also we discovered we discovered a 237 00:11:02,279 --> 00:11:05,040 lot of additional addresses even the 238 00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:07,140 TeamViewer server address the actual 239 00:11:07,140 --> 00:11:08,279 views 240 00:11:08,279 --> 00:11:10,500 and based on this finding we can 241 00:11:10,500 --> 00:11:12,959 conclude that the tools and techniques 242 00:11:12,959 --> 00:11:15,959 and procedures of of the actors behind 243 00:11:15,959 --> 00:11:18,420 the Olympic distributor was totally 244 00:11:18,420 --> 00:11:21,000 different from the Blue Note group so we 245 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:26,300 named them different HD actors Hades 246 00:11:27,140 --> 00:11:31,320 and yeah in this research I failed I 247 00:11:31,320 --> 00:11:34,440 failed the early stage because uh first 248 00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:36,800 of all in inpatient conclusion with the 249 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:40,140 insufficient evidence at all stage and I 250 00:11:40,140 --> 00:11:44,100 also had a strong bias that the sabotage 251 00:11:44,100 --> 00:11:46,680 attack against South Korea could be 252 00:11:46,680 --> 00:11:49,140 related to the North Korean student 253 00:11:49,140 --> 00:11:52,139 vectors uh that is the reason I made a 254 00:11:52,139 --> 00:11:55,339 wrong conclusion at the beginning 255 00:11:55,579 --> 00:11:58,920 and yeah the next period of cases 256 00:11:58,920 --> 00:12:03,360 happened because of my over reliance 257 00:12:03,360 --> 00:12:06,060 this story is about the conflict between 258 00:12:06,060 --> 00:12:08,399 two student actors the Skycraft and the 259 00:12:08,399 --> 00:12:09,420 dark Hotel 260 00:12:09,420 --> 00:12:11,880 and Skycraft was published by the 261 00:12:11,880 --> 00:12:15,660 Kaspersky in 2016. they primarily 262 00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:18,240 targeting the entities in South Korea 263 00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:20,940 and that hotel also published by the 264 00:12:20,940 --> 00:12:23,579 cosmos key in 2014 265 00:12:23,579 --> 00:12:26,760 the compromising the hotel Network and 266 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:30,000 attacking high-profile individuals 267 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:31,860 even though they use the different 268 00:12:31,860 --> 00:12:34,440 techniques they have a lot of algorithms 269 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:37,800 the Korean speaking actors they have 270 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:40,380 similar victimologists and sometimes 271 00:12:40,380 --> 00:12:43,680 using the similar techniques I've seen 272 00:12:43,680 --> 00:12:46,800 some warrior code overall before and 273 00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:48,839 definitely one group want to hide the 274 00:12:48,839 --> 00:12:52,440 others groups share them 275 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:55,680 and my other colleague the confliction 276 00:12:55,680 --> 00:12:58,680 between these these two groups was 277 00:12:58,680 --> 00:13:00,720 introduced previously 278 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:04,500 uh they are two they're they're also two 279 00:13:04,500 --> 00:13:06,360 different uh operations operation 280 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:09,779 arrivals was done by the Skycraft with 281 00:13:09,779 --> 00:13:11,639 the watering all the tank and operation 282 00:13:11,639 --> 00:13:14,040 Daybreak was related to the dark hotel 283 00:13:14,040 --> 00:13:16,800 with the spearfishing hotel and at first 284 00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:19,139 the customer skills are confused both 285 00:13:19,139 --> 00:13:22,800 operations and conclude the Skycraft was 286 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:24,899 behind the dose operations operation 287 00:13:24,899 --> 00:13:27,540 Edibles and operation day Bridge 288 00:13:27,540 --> 00:13:30,000 the reason makes this conclusion was 289 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,639 both operations use the same C2 servers 290 00:13:32,639 --> 00:13:35,820 but after looking into it we figured out 291 00:13:35,820 --> 00:13:39,240 that possibly on group compromised the 292 00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:41,639 other groups to seek to server and each 293 00:13:41,639 --> 00:13:45,180 operation has a very different ttps 294 00:13:45,180 --> 00:13:48,720 so we conclude that operation variables 295 00:13:48,720 --> 00:13:52,380 was the Skycraft groups operation and 296 00:13:52,380 --> 00:13:55,680 operation Daybreak was 297 00:13:55,680 --> 00:13:57,360 yeah 298 00:13:57,360 --> 00:14:00,120 I didn't I haven't seen the two groups 299 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,000 were conflicting another case we 300 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:06,120 observed one large Ambit team 301 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:08,399 he's possibly the businessman or 302 00:14:08,399 --> 00:14:10,980 diplomat and this big team was 303 00:14:10,980 --> 00:14:13,139 compromised by dark Hotel malware in 304 00:14:13,139 --> 00:14:17,160 March 2018 and Skycraft group also 305 00:14:17,160 --> 00:14:21,600 manipulated his host in September 2018. 306 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:23,820 and also the Coney third actor 307 00:14:23,820 --> 00:14:26,279 compromise resources as well and as we 308 00:14:26,279 --> 00:14:28,920 can see the duck hotel and Chicago has a 309 00:14:28,920 --> 00:14:32,040 very similar Target list and discovered 310 00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:36,560 from the same post from time to time 311 00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:40,100 okay then let's see my mistake 312 00:14:40,100 --> 00:14:42,360 uh one day 313 00:14:42,360 --> 00:14:45,360 Chinese security vendor publisher 314 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:47,639 some oops sorry 315 00:14:47,639 --> 00:14:50,279 probably some known apt actually use the 316 00:14:50,279 --> 00:14:53,820 Internet Explorer they exploit use with 317 00:14:53,820 --> 00:14:57,540 the word documents and unfortunately 318 00:14:57,540 --> 00:14:59,519 there is no detailed indicators 319 00:14:59,519 --> 00:15:02,220 published so I have to find the samples 320 00:15:02,220 --> 00:15:03,480 by myself 321 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:06,300 but luckily I found the word sentoun 322 00:15:06,300 --> 00:15:10,260 from the virus total somehow and SNS I 323 00:15:10,260 --> 00:15:12,959 found the sample I tried to find the 324 00:15:12,959 --> 00:15:14,240 additional 325 00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:17,040 documented samples using the virus total 326 00:15:17,040 --> 00:15:20,040 similar to functionalities I never want 327 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:22,139 to blame the capability of virus total 328 00:15:22,139 --> 00:15:25,139 it's my daily hunting platform and I can 329 00:15:25,139 --> 00:15:27,899 imagine the working without it but at 330 00:15:27,899 --> 00:15:31,139 this time I was overly trusting its 331 00:15:31,139 --> 00:15:33,120 wizard but I was total similar to 332 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:36,480 function widgets maybe the similar two 333 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:39,060 features find the similar samples based 334 00:15:39,060 --> 00:15:40,920 on the metadata such as the language 335 00:15:40,920 --> 00:15:43,620 characteristics and structure of the 336 00:15:43,620 --> 00:15:44,940 files but 337 00:15:44,940 --> 00:15:47,519 I ignore the possibility that this 338 00:15:47,519 --> 00:15:50,480 result could include 339 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:53,880 non-precise result 340 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:58,980 so I started to fall into long Rabbit 341 00:15:58,980 --> 00:16:01,380 Hole whilst I list of the whole document 342 00:16:01,380 --> 00:16:04,620 from the BIOS total and several C2 343 00:16:04,620 --> 00:16:06,660 servers connect connected by the 344 00:16:06,660 --> 00:16:10,079 dimensions document already published by 345 00:16:10,079 --> 00:16:12,420 other vendors and they said 346 00:16:12,420 --> 00:16:14,820 it is to relate to the scatter of the 347 00:16:14,820 --> 00:16:18,480 group's activity also a lot of decoy 348 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:20,100 documents contains on North Korean 349 00:16:20,100 --> 00:16:22,500 Expressions the South Korean and the 350 00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:24,180 North Korean language expression are 351 00:16:24,180 --> 00:16:27,060 totally different and in this case the 352 00:16:27,060 --> 00:16:29,940 actor used the North Korean expressions 353 00:16:29,940 --> 00:16:33,720 and it makes me uh become more confident 354 00:16:33,720 --> 00:16:36,480 that the scaffold Factor behind this 355 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:38,899 campaign 356 00:16:40,860 --> 00:16:43,139 and 357 00:16:43,139 --> 00:16:46,380 but uh when I cross-checked This 358 00:16:46,380 --> 00:16:48,600 research with my colleague we figured 359 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:50,699 out that the malware used in this 360 00:16:50,699 --> 00:16:53,220 campaign has connection to the operation 361 00:16:53,220 --> 00:16:55,980 Daybreak and at the 362 00:16:55,980 --> 00:16:57,899 at the early stage I confused the 363 00:16:57,899 --> 00:16:59,759 operation Daybreak was belonged to 364 00:16:59,759 --> 00:17:03,660 Skycraft and but it was a dark hotel and 365 00:17:03,660 --> 00:17:06,660 finally I conclude this operation 366 00:17:06,660 --> 00:17:09,480 operation sound check was conducted by 367 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:12,679 the Dakota group 368 00:17:13,140 --> 00:17:15,839 and there was a similar experience one 369 00:17:15,839 --> 00:17:18,480 day I found a bunch of similar samples 370 00:17:18,480 --> 00:17:21,059 that contains New Year greeting message 371 00:17:21,059 --> 00:17:24,359 in Korean and North Korean pictures and 372 00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:26,939 pictures were documents about 373 00:17:26,939 --> 00:17:29,700 uh North Korean Diplomat and during this 374 00:17:29,700 --> 00:17:33,179 research I discovered some evidence that 375 00:17:33,179 --> 00:17:35,580 dark Hotel was behind this campaign 376 00:17:35,580 --> 00:17:38,280 first the victim was overlapped with the 377 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:40,440 previous stack Hotel operations kind of 378 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:43,559 diploma related to the North Korea 379 00:17:43,559 --> 00:17:46,980 and malware contains a strange user 380 00:17:46,980 --> 00:17:49,620 agent stream you can see the KP KP is 381 00:17:49,620 --> 00:17:52,039 the North Korean country code 382 00:17:52,039 --> 00:17:55,440 also the working time zone based on the 383 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:57,840 mobile compilation time and the comment 384 00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:01,550 execution time was GMT plus 819 385 00:18:01,550 --> 00:18:03,000 [Music] 386 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,419 and additionally the several decoys used 387 00:18:06,419 --> 00:18:10,740 North Korean font named Charlie McCombs 388 00:18:10,740 --> 00:18:13,080 and the reason that I 389 00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:15,960 the reason influenced my decision on lab 390 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:19,080 was the other vendors said the same 391 00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:21,000 degree document was employed by the 392 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:22,500 Dakota group before 393 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:24,480 but there are some no strong evidence 394 00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:28,260 why it is connected to the Dakota and 395 00:18:28,260 --> 00:18:31,320 that's that was my foot I believe others 396 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:35,418 research without my own verifications 397 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:38,340 and regarding this campaign many vendors 398 00:18:38,340 --> 00:18:41,910 publish their own technical descriptions 399 00:18:41,910 --> 00:18:44,979 [Music] 400 00:18:45,559 --> 00:18:49,140 and attributions and one vendor said the 401 00:18:49,140 --> 00:18:51,419 Polish government got spearfishing 402 00:18:51,419 --> 00:18:54,059 disguised as a Chinese government and 403 00:18:54,059 --> 00:18:56,400 another vendor said is relate to the 404 00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:59,520 Korean peninsula and the other said it's 405 00:18:59,520 --> 00:19:02,340 not related to the Dakota group it's a 406 00:19:02,340 --> 00:19:04,799 sub group of dark hotel and so many 407 00:19:04,799 --> 00:19:06,900 different and on solely the publishment 408 00:19:06,900 --> 00:19:09,660 were out about this attempt and in 409 00:19:09,660 --> 00:19:12,720 conclusion my attribution was to Hasty 410 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:15,780 at the early stage and we are tracking 411 00:19:15,780 --> 00:19:17,840 this group as a different group named 412 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:21,020 coughing down 413 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:24,179 you know I I made a mistake in this case 414 00:19:24,179 --> 00:19:27,539 because I was I was deceived by the 415 00:19:27,539 --> 00:19:30,059 sophisticated first flag one girl want 416 00:19:30,059 --> 00:19:33,299 to hide the other's Shadow so they tried 417 00:19:33,299 --> 00:19:36,720 to use very sophisticated first flag 418 00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:38,100 and 419 00:19:38,100 --> 00:19:41,220 language skills are very important for 420 00:19:41,220 --> 00:19:43,679 threat intelligence researcher but as 421 00:19:43,679 --> 00:19:45,960 you can see sometimes it makes me more 422 00:19:45,960 --> 00:19:50,100 confusing so because we there are still 423 00:19:50,100 --> 00:19:51,780 two kind of Korean North Korean 424 00:19:51,780 --> 00:19:54,299 expression and South Korean depression 425 00:19:54,299 --> 00:19:57,600 so we should be careful when we check 426 00:19:57,600 --> 00:19:59,760 the language characteristics 427 00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:03,059 also I was over reliant on the results 428 00:20:03,059 --> 00:20:06,240 of a virus total and over trusted the 429 00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:08,159 others report without my own 430 00:20:08,159 --> 00:20:11,700 verifications and that's the reason why 431 00:20:11,700 --> 00:20:15,440 I was fooled in this research 432 00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:20,760 and let's see the last panelist case 433 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:22,559 I think 434 00:20:22,559 --> 00:20:24,659 some of you guys heard about the 435 00:20:24,659 --> 00:20:27,840 operation apple juice and it is campaign 436 00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:29,820 of the largest group attacking the 437 00:20:29,820 --> 00:20:32,220 cryptocurrency industry with a fake 438 00:20:32,220 --> 00:20:35,280 company as well as the first case of 439 00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:37,380 using the Mac OS model by the larger 440 00:20:37,380 --> 00:20:38,220 School 441 00:20:38,220 --> 00:20:41,100 and one day we discovered the infection 442 00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:44,159 from One cryptocurrency exchange they 443 00:20:44,159 --> 00:20:46,080 were compromised by known rather 444 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:47,220 smallware 445 00:20:47,220 --> 00:20:49,799 and as a result of backtracking the 446 00:20:49,799 --> 00:20:52,620 infection procedures we figured out that 447 00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:54,120 the compromise cryptocurrency 448 00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:57,299 application was downloaded from the 449 00:20:57,299 --> 00:20:59,820 company's website the website name is 450 00:20:59,820 --> 00:21:02,760 the sellers llc.com 451 00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:05,640 and the update module from the 452 00:21:05,640 --> 00:21:07,919 cryptocurrency application connected to 453 00:21:07,919 --> 00:21:12,059 this company server so I thought this is 454 00:21:12,059 --> 00:21:15,000 the normal update process usually many 455 00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:18,480 applications do the update check when we 456 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:20,059 just 457 00:21:20,059 --> 00:21:23,520 started so at the initial stage of This 458 00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:26,159 research I thought the sellers companies 459 00:21:26,159 --> 00:21:28,620 supply chain was compromised and 460 00:21:28,620 --> 00:21:31,080 delivered the malicious application to 461 00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:34,740 their customer so I I very kindly inform 462 00:21:34,740 --> 00:21:37,260 them by email your server is suspicious 463 00:21:37,260 --> 00:21:41,340 so I introduced myself very kindly hello 464 00:21:41,340 --> 00:21:45,240 this is a sunspot from Kaspersky lab and 465 00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:47,400 we share the whole status 466 00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:50,940 all my research status with them 467 00:21:50,940 --> 00:21:53,100 but 468 00:21:53,100 --> 00:21:56,340 there was a no reply from them even even 469 00:21:56,340 --> 00:21:59,280 their website when offline the next day 470 00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:03,539 after sending my email and they enhanced 471 00:22:03,539 --> 00:22:06,179 their operational security when when I 472 00:22:06,179 --> 00:22:08,700 first checked the last website anyone 473 00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:10,440 can download their compromised 474 00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:13,980 applications but after my email they 475 00:22:13,980 --> 00:22:17,220 added an email verification process if 476 00:22:17,220 --> 00:22:19,380 someone wants to get their installation 477 00:22:19,380 --> 00:22:21,960 package they need to put an email 478 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:25,860 address and only verify the client can 479 00:22:25,860 --> 00:22:27,360 receive the program 480 00:22:27,360 --> 00:22:30,000 it means that I help them to enhance 481 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:33,240 their operational security and this is a 482 00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:37,260 quite embarrassing experience for me 483 00:22:37,260 --> 00:22:39,960 and when I carefully look into their 484 00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:42,299 infrastructure there were there were 485 00:22:42,299 --> 00:22:45,299 many points I should have suspecting 486 00:22:45,299 --> 00:22:47,820 the address from the SSS certification 487 00:22:47,820 --> 00:22:51,659 is fake and it is a strange placement I 488 00:22:51,659 --> 00:22:53,700 checked from the Google Map 489 00:22:53,700 --> 00:22:57,240 and if I checked their infra structure 490 00:22:57,240 --> 00:22:59,760 carefully maybe I didn't send the email 491 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:01,020 to them 492 00:23:01,020 --> 00:23:03,918 and 493 00:23:05,580 --> 00:23:07,860 in this case the operation approaches 494 00:23:07,860 --> 00:23:10,559 case I was Smoked by Abundant 495 00:23:10,559 --> 00:23:12,900 preparation from the Lazarus group they 496 00:23:12,900 --> 00:23:16,860 configured the big website with the SSL 497 00:23:16,860 --> 00:23:19,740 certificates and develop or big 498 00:23:19,740 --> 00:23:22,200 cryptocurrency trading application to 499 00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:25,260 deceive the victim actually they manage 500 00:23:25,260 --> 00:23:26,940 the click the company 501 00:23:26,940 --> 00:23:29,760 also they operate a kind of a support 502 00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:33,179 center in another email conversation not 503 00:23:33,179 --> 00:23:35,820 an initial email another email 504 00:23:35,820 --> 00:23:38,100 conversation to get an additional 505 00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:40,919 application they replied to my email 506 00:23:40,919 --> 00:23:43,559 with a very nice English 507 00:23:43,559 --> 00:23:46,500 and despite we made an interesting 508 00:23:46,500 --> 00:23:49,679 research research on operation 509 00:23:49,679 --> 00:23:52,919 approaches I made a hasty decision at 510 00:23:52,919 --> 00:23:55,440 the beginning so that I notified the 511 00:23:55,440 --> 00:24:00,380 actor we recognized their campaigns 512 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:04,200 yeah those are the failure changes I 513 00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:06,900 would like to share the attribution is 514 00:24:06,900 --> 00:24:10,440 matter but it's very hard because we 515 00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:13,380 need to still rely on the many points 516 00:24:13,380 --> 00:24:17,039 for manual jobs and as a human beings we 517 00:24:17,039 --> 00:24:21,240 have a lot of stereotypes and biases so 518 00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:23,700 we can easily compromise by the first 519 00:24:23,700 --> 00:24:26,760 flag and the other things that can 520 00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:28,919 affect our decisions 521 00:24:28,919 --> 00:24:31,980 so we should very carefully bring the 522 00:24:31,980 --> 00:24:34,260 conclusions and judge something after 523 00:24:34,260 --> 00:24:37,020 collecting evidence as much as we can 524 00:24:37,020 --> 00:24:38,880 but I know it's a very challenging 525 00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:41,460 process but we need to do our best for 526 00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:43,320 this and sometimes 527 00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:46,080 as a sort of intelligence analyst we 528 00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:49,080 need a kind of responsibility when we 529 00:24:49,080 --> 00:24:51,240 publish something especially the 530 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,059 attributions because it can bring a lot 531 00:24:54,059 --> 00:24:56,700 of chaos to our industry 532 00:24:56,700 --> 00:24:59,880 and the last thing I want to share is a 533 00:24:59,880 --> 00:25:02,039 quotation quotation from the professor 534 00:25:02,039 --> 00:25:05,100 Richard Raymond he said you learn 535 00:25:05,100 --> 00:25:08,400 nothing from life if you think you are 536 00:25:08,400 --> 00:25:11,100 right all the time so yeah we should 537 00:25:11,100 --> 00:25:14,760 admit we can't be wrong and sometimes we 538 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:19,220 need to learn from our Behavior I think 539 00:25:19,220 --> 00:25:22,980 yep that's it I hope my presentation is 540 00:25:22,980 --> 00:25:26,700 useful to someone so if you have any 541 00:25:26,700 --> 00:25:28,980 questions please leave a question stop 542 00:25:28,980 --> 00:25:31,980 looking Village Discord Channel I will 543 00:25:31,980 --> 00:25:34,200 get along the end at that channel this 544 00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:36,720 book Channel or send your question to my 545 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:40,080 Twitter or email and I will reply soon 546 00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:43,939 and thank you for your attentions