1 00:00:03,900 --> 00:00:06,560 All right, folks, thank you for attending. 2 00:00:07,340 --> 00:00:08,860 This is Getting a Migraine. 3 00:00:09,260 --> 00:00:12,040 I'm Jonathan, or JBO for short. 4 00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:16,300 This is Mike or Michael, however you want to call him. 5 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:22,260 And Anurag was unable to come to DEF CON, but still he took an extremely important part 6 00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:23,000 in this research. 7 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,520 We're all Microsoft researchers, which is kind of weird, because, like, Microsoft usually 8 00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:36,220 do Windows stuff and not Apple stuff, however, we work for Microsoft Defender, and the reason 9 00:00:36,220 --> 00:00:40,540 why it's called Microsoft Defender and not Windows Defender is because it runs on platforms 10 00:00:40,540 --> 00:00:48,000 that are not Windows, and we do Mac, Android, iOS, Linux, those kind of stuff. 11 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:51,080 So this is kind of like a motivation that we have. 12 00:00:51,700 --> 00:00:57,780 This is not a Defender talk, but, I mean, just shows you that, like, where we're coming 13 00:00:57,780 --> 00:00:58,080 from. 14 00:00:59,780 --> 00:01:06,940 The outline for today is talking about some of the macOS mechanisms, specifically SIP and 15 00:01:06,940 --> 00:01:07,620 entitlements. 16 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:14,460 We're going to talk about how we found a vulnerability by mistake, kind of, how we automated our 17 00:01:14,460 --> 00:01:16,980 exploit by means of reverse engineering. 18 00:01:17,260 --> 00:01:18,200 We'll have a demo. 19 00:01:18,660 --> 00:01:21,300 We'll talk about the implications of what we've done. 20 00:01:21,940 --> 00:01:27,280 We'll talk about Apple's fix and basically fix this, I would say, and then we'll have 21 00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:27,860 some conclusions. 22 00:01:27,860 --> 00:01:30,520 So let's get to it. 23 00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:32,620 Some background. 24 00:01:33,540 --> 00:01:37,760 SIP or rootless is a mechanism in macOS. 25 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:43,200 If you're just unfamiliar with macOS completely, it's a mechanism that limits the capabilities 26 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:44,800 of this super user of root. 27 00:01:44,940 --> 00:01:50,460 If you're coming from a traditional POSIX world, root can do anything, and that's not 28 00:01:50,460 --> 00:01:50,980 true anymore. 29 00:01:51,820 --> 00:01:56,500 In macOS, even if you're running as root, you can't do a bunch of stuff, including in 30 00:01:56,500 --> 00:01:56,980 user land. 31 00:01:56,980 --> 00:01:57,160 So if you're running as root, you can't do a bunch of stuff, including in user land, which 32 00:01:57,160 --> 00:01:58,820 is kind of foreign to a lot of folks. 33 00:01:59,740 --> 00:02:04,060 What it does is to leverage something called the Apple Sandbox in order to protect the 34 00:02:04,060 --> 00:02:04,780 entire platform. 35 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:11,040 By default, you can't turn it off without going into recovery OS. 36 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:17,220 I won't talk about recovery OS too much today, but generally what it means is that you have 37 00:02:17,220 --> 00:02:20,980 to click to hit a bunch of keys and then reboot. 38 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:24,940 You have to have a physical machine, you have to solve the Hellraiser puzzle and stuff like 39 00:02:24,940 --> 00:02:25,120 that. 40 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:32,940 You're not supposed to turn it off at all, and several organizations, including Microsoft, 41 00:02:33,260 --> 00:02:38,080 like in our own internal network, actually monitor and make sure that SIP is always on 42 00:02:39,180 --> 00:02:41,480 as a defense in-depth mechanism. 43 00:02:43,860 --> 00:02:49,800 We'd like to think of it just mentally, that's not accurate at all from a technical perspective, 44 00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:55,000 that it's kind of like SELinux on Linux or protected. 45 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,580 It's kind of like SELinux on Linux or protected processes on Windows, in the fact that you 46 00:02:57,580 --> 00:03:02,040 know you're admin, but you don't own the machine anymore to some extent. 47 00:03:03,380 --> 00:03:09,980 SIP limits certain actions of the root user and all users, really, to, as the name suggests, 48 00:03:10,340 --> 00:03:12,500 to protect the integrity of the system. 49 00:03:13,020 --> 00:03:18,740 That means there are certain files you can't override, there are kernel operations you 50 00:03:18,740 --> 00:03:24,980 can't do and so on, and we'll be talking about that more thoroughly in the next few 51 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:25,300 slides. 52 00:03:27,960 --> 00:03:32,360 SIP itself, internally, is controlled by NVRAM variables. 53 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:39,620 There's actually more than one, but we're going to talk about CSR active config on Intel 54 00:03:39,620 --> 00:03:46,360 platform, and in the Apple silicon that runs on ARM, they have a thing called LPSIP0 that 55 00:03:46,360 --> 00:03:53,360 is read from the booted device tree, and interestingly enough, because Mac OS, like XNU specifically, 56 00:03:53,540 --> 00:03:54,980 the kernel is kind of like half-coded. 57 00:03:54,980 --> 00:03:57,480 Half open source, or like 90% open source. 58 00:03:57,780 --> 00:04:03,840 You can find all the flags in the source code under CSR.h, and I name here just a few. 59 00:04:03,980 --> 00:04:09,540 It's not a complete list at all, but you can, again, kind of imagine what SIP does. 60 00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:16,020 So for instance, it won't let you load unrestricted, you know, just any kernel extensions, which 61 00:04:16,020 --> 00:04:17,440 are really drivers. 62 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:23,940 You can't write to certain file system locations, which we'll be talking about today. 63 00:04:23,940 --> 00:04:27,820 You can't get task ports for a given PID. 64 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:32,980 A task port is basically like open process in Windows or P-trace in Linux. 65 00:04:33,100 --> 00:04:35,400 You can't really debug processes for what it's worth. 66 00:04:36,780 --> 00:04:41,620 You can't do kernel debugging, you can't do D-trace, you can't write NVRAM variables 67 00:04:41,620 --> 00:04:42,600 for obvious reasons. 68 00:04:42,760 --> 00:04:47,680 If you could, you can just change like SIP altogether, and there are other flags here 69 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:48,340 as well. 70 00:04:48,440 --> 00:04:52,900 But the issue that I want to talk about is the fact that it has a certain domino effect. 71 00:04:53,940 --> 00:05:00,320 What I mean by that is that if you have, let's say, an NVRAM variable override, a way 72 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:06,680 to bypass the NVRAM variable write protection by SIP, you can bypass SIP. 73 00:05:06,820 --> 00:05:11,000 Obviously, you can just overwrite like the bit flag in CSR active config. 74 00:05:11,260 --> 00:05:16,680 And similarly, if you can load an untrusted kernel extension, you can just write a rootkit, 75 00:05:16,740 --> 00:05:17,800 but also bypass SIP. 76 00:05:18,860 --> 00:05:22,720 And in fact, any part of SIP you can bypass. 77 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:25,760 Bypass actually like topples the entire domino of SIP. 78 00:05:25,940 --> 00:05:27,560 So that's important to note. 79 00:05:27,620 --> 00:05:31,660 Generally, if you were able to bypass one mitigation, you were able to bypass all of 80 00:05:31,660 --> 00:05:34,320 them in theory and also not in theory. 81 00:05:37,280 --> 00:05:40,660 A bit about SIP and file system restrictions. 82 00:05:40,820 --> 00:05:46,080 If you're a developer or malware author or whatever it is, that's probably the first 83 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:51,120 thing that you'd notice when you come across SIP is the fact that you can't really write 84 00:05:51,120 --> 00:05:52,120 to certain paths. 85 00:05:53,820 --> 00:05:58,560 Because SIP actually prevents you from doing that, again, even if you're running as root. 86 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:06,900 So SIP really prevents you from modifying any files that either have a specific extend 87 00:06:06,900 --> 00:06:13,060 and attribute called com.apple.rootless or are configured in some file system library 88 00:06:13,060 --> 00:06:15,240 sandbox config, rootless.conf. 89 00:06:15,420 --> 00:06:22,320 And that's like a naughty list, I guess, for files that basically a set of files that can't 90 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:23,360 be overwritten. 91 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:28,460 But there are also allow lists for these restrictions that override like the rootless.conf. 92 00:06:28,640 --> 00:06:30,280 And they're out of scope for this talk. 93 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:31,860 But they're well-documented. 94 00:06:32,600 --> 00:06:37,280 Obviously, the rootless.conf file is SIP protected by itself. 95 00:06:37,780 --> 00:06:41,660 Otherwise, again, you'd be able to change it and then do a bunch of stuff. 96 00:06:42,140 --> 00:06:48,220 And also, you can't really add or delete the com.apple.rootless extended attribute 97 00:06:48,220 --> 00:06:49,880 for the same reason, right? 98 00:06:49,940 --> 00:06:52,300 If you could add that extended attribute, you can create, like, you know, you can create 99 00:06:52,300 --> 00:06:54,300 like an undeletable malware, for instance. 100 00:06:54,420 --> 00:06:59,220 If you could remove that, you could bypass SIP because you could modify files that are 101 00:06:59,220 --> 00:07:00,120 protected by SIP. 102 00:07:00,360 --> 00:07:02,180 So just keep that in mind. 103 00:07:02,420 --> 00:07:09,740 And generally, like, Apple has released a modification to the ls command. 104 00:07:11,960 --> 00:07:20,280 If you do ls-lo, that's a capital O, an actual O, not a zero, then all the files that say 105 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:22,220 restricted are basically files. 106 00:07:22,220 --> 00:07:27,060 Or directories or symlinks or whatever they are that basically can't be modified. 107 00:07:27,300 --> 00:07:32,820 So that's an example of a restricted file, for instance. 108 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:40,120 So how, I mean, that's obvious, right? 109 00:07:40,240 --> 00:07:41,240 I mean, we have SIP. 110 00:07:41,300 --> 00:07:44,820 We basically have a different kind of layer in the system, if you will. 111 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:47,200 And how does the thing work? 112 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,940 And how do we enforce things in macOS? 113 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:51,920 Yeah. 114 00:07:52,220 --> 00:07:53,880 I mean, there's some background about entitlements, really. 115 00:07:54,060 --> 00:07:57,280 In the macOS ecosystem, processes are signed, right? 116 00:07:57,380 --> 00:08:01,340 And they're granted something called entitlements, which are basically capabilities. 117 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:09,160 So because entitlements are part of the signature of the process, you can't forge them easily, 118 00:08:09,620 --> 00:08:13,920 at least, unless you have, like, a gazillion PS4s and you connect them and, I don't know, 119 00:08:13,940 --> 00:08:15,120 find a collision or something. 120 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:20,960 And you can think of entitlements of a way to make a process stronger, right, again, 121 00:08:21,020 --> 00:08:21,900 in terms of capability. 122 00:08:22,220 --> 00:08:29,500 And the interesting part is that Apple has private entitlements that they will only grant 123 00:08:29,500 --> 00:08:30,700 to their own processes. 124 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:35,920 And because they sign everything, they won't sign your processes with those entitlements. 125 00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:40,560 These are known as private entitlements, and that essentially creates, like, a barrier 126 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:46,100 or a capability-based security layer, if you will, because if you're able to only 127 00:08:46,100 --> 00:08:52,200 run, to only get certain capabilities or entitlements but not the other capabilities. 128 00:08:52,220 --> 00:08:57,160 type of entitlements and apple are the only ones who can have that entitlements and the entitlements 129 00:08:57,160 --> 00:09:03,740 are being um translated into capabilities by the os it basically means that apple has the keys to 130 00:09:03,740 --> 00:09:09,460 the kingdom they control your box you don't control your box uh as much anymore because you 131 00:09:09,460 --> 00:09:14,740 can't get those capabilities you can't get those entitlements and uh that's something very 132 00:09:14,740 --> 00:09:19,740 interesting especially for us again microsoft defender because we don't have those capabilities 133 00:09:19,740 --> 00:09:25,940 either right um and you can think about the implications uh which we will be talking about 134 00:09:25,940 --> 00:09:34,680 later for instance uh you know because because we can't um we can't let's say uh modify the com 135 00:09:34,680 --> 00:09:39,640 apple uh rootless extender attribute if there is a file that is naughty and have that extender 136 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:44,420 attributes we're kind of like we're kind of screwed because we can't really uh delete that 137 00:09:44,420 --> 00:09:49,660 file that's just an example um and uh there are two very interesting 138 00:09:49,740 --> 00:09:54,380 entitlements for sip file system restrictions there are actually more like sip is very rich 139 00:09:54,380 --> 00:09:59,620 as you could see but there are these there are the two very interesting entitlements that i want to 140 00:09:59,620 --> 00:10:05,040 talk about today which are com apple rootless install and that basically bypasses all the 141 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:10,100 sip file file system checks so if you have a process that has that entitlement which is a 142 00:10:10,100 --> 00:10:15,120 private entitlement it can basically bypass all sip file system checks which is really powerful 143 00:10:15,120 --> 00:10:19,240 and then you have something even greater which is called com apple rootless 144 00:10:19,740 --> 00:10:25,480 install heritable which inherits to all child processes the com apple rootless install which 145 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:30,520 means that all of the child processes are going to be able to bypass sip file system enforcements 146 00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:37,480 on their own now if you think about the motivation why why do these things even exist right like why 147 00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:42,440 why punching a hole through that security layer then you have to think about the name com apple 148 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:48,500 rootless install these things are used for installations and updates for instance when apple 149 00:10:48,500 --> 00:10:49,500 wants to do an os 150 00:10:49,740 --> 00:10:56,060 update they basically have to um they have to write to certain files then those files might 151 00:10:56,060 --> 00:11:02,240 be protected and that's the way they do it they have let's say update an updater that updater has 152 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:08,220 that uh those capabilities and then it's able to do whatever uh overwrite arbitrary files and so on 153 00:11:08,700 --> 00:11:14,560 so that's that's the motivation that apple has to even having those entitlements if that makes sense 154 00:11:15,700 --> 00:11:19,100 um so this is just this was all just background 155 00:11:19,740 --> 00:11:25,760 now um while performing routine malware hunting we started noticing a process named drop sip 156 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:32,280 and the name itself like is is suggestive as you can think uh and that seems to be prevalent on 157 00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:37,920 many devices and we were like oh cool we found some malware and probably some zero day in the 158 00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:44,040 wild we were very excited and a closer inspection revealed it's an apple sign binary that runs under 159 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:49,380 the system migration private framework directory and actually drops capabilities that bypass 160 00:11:49,740 --> 00:11:56,080 uh sip file system checks uh with an api called csops that's a private api that i will be 161 00:11:56,080 --> 00:12:01,080 discussing the next slide and mentally we think that it should have been called drop drop zip 162 00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:07,800 but i mean i mean that's what it is and it's not malware that's the entire reversing 163 00:12:08,380 --> 00:12:12,020 that's the entire file actually so reversing it is not even like a thing 164 00:12:12,020 --> 00:12:18,040 as you can see here basically what it does that's the main function for all means and purposes 165 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:19,620 uh what it does 166 00:12:19,620 --> 00:12:29,940 is really call uh csops with 12. uh 12 is csops clear installer which uh i i took the uh i took 167 00:12:29,940 --> 00:12:35,300 the liberty of of pasting like the screenshot from the exonu source code which basically uh 168 00:12:35,300 --> 00:12:42,560 removes as you can see like this is a not uh the tilde uh is a not flag basic binary not flag that 169 00:12:42,560 --> 00:12:48,280 removes the cs installer and other stuff as well cs installer is the com apple rootless install and 170 00:12:48,280 --> 00:12:48,560 cs 171 00:12:48,560 --> 00:12:55,060 exec inherit sip is the uh rootless install heritable entitlement by the way um so basically 172 00:12:55,060 --> 00:13:00,600 what it does is to remove the uh installation capabilities or c bypassing capabilities of a 173 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:07,300 process and if it's successful in doing so it will basically run exec ve on the uh on the 174 00:13:07,300 --> 00:13:11,240 like command line and arguments that it got uh and that's basically a 175 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:18,380 some mean uh that uh that they have to run a file without having those uh seed bypassing capabilities 176 00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:26,140 so that's just a motivation and we were kind of like uh we were kind of convinced that uh drop 177 00:13:26,140 --> 00:13:32,320 sip is legitimate it's not malware it's it's owned by apple and basically what it does is to drop 178 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:36,500 those seat bypassing capabilities so this is kind of where our journey begin 179 00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:44,520 um we noticed that uh the drop sip uh process is a child process of system migration d 180 00:13:44,520 --> 00:13:48,020 which is a daemon that's why it has a d in the end of its name 181 00:13:48,560 --> 00:13:59,440 And it has the com.apple.ruthless install heritable entitlement, which, if you remember from three slides ago, basically inherits C-bypassing capabilities to all its child processes. 182 00:13:59,740 --> 00:14:04,200 And that explains why DropSIP assumed that it has C-bypassing capabilities to begin with. 183 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:05,260 I hope that makes sense. 184 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:15,100 And after concluding that DropSIP is legitimate, we basically decided to take a closer look at what other child processes system migration D has, right? 185 00:14:15,100 --> 00:14:22,060 Because it's a very powerful process, it's able to give all its child processes C-bypassing capabilities, just for fun. 186 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:24,940 It depends on your definition of fun. 187 00:14:25,660 --> 00:14:35,100 And then this is a screenshot just showing the entitlements of this system migration D process. 188 00:14:35,460 --> 00:14:36,580 You can use code sign. 189 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:41,980 That's the binary that Apple gives you to basically look at the signature, and that includes the entitlements. 190 00:14:42,160 --> 00:14:45,080 And as you can see, the set of entitlements. 191 00:14:45,100 --> 00:14:51,820 There are three entitlements that start with com.apple.ruthless, and the second one is com.apple.ruthless install heritable. 192 00:14:52,020 --> 00:14:56,280 I won't talk about the other two, but they're really interesting if you're into that kind of stuff. 193 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:12,020 Now, this is, again, not a talk about Microsoft and EDR and everything, but any EDR that it's worth its salt, you can basically ask questions like, hey, in my organization, give me all the processes that have so and so, right? 194 00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:14,720 All the processes that have command line blah and so on. 195 00:15:15,100 --> 00:15:42,220 So what we started doing is that, okay, we're Microsoft, we have an EDR, we have tons of data, even from macOS, and then we were like, okay, let's start hunting with EDR data, and that's really good because you have a lot of different environments, a lot of different customers and whatnot, and also internally in Microsoft, we do have folks that run macOS as well, and they also report all the command lines and whatnot internally, right? 196 00:15:42,480 --> 00:15:44,820 So we were like, okay, give us. 197 00:15:45,100 --> 00:15:49,520 Dear EDR, please give us all the child processes of system migration D. 198 00:15:49,800 --> 00:15:55,720 And we immediately noticed two interesting child processes, which are bash and Perl, right? 199 00:15:55,760 --> 00:15:57,000 These are just command lines. 200 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:03,460 Again, these are child processes of system migration D, so they're very powerful in terms of C bypassing capabilities. 201 00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:07,460 Why are those child processes interesting? 202 00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:12,140 Well, bash and Perl are interesting because they're interpreters. 203 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:15,080 And interpreters are affected by many things. 204 00:16:15,100 --> 00:16:18,140 Especially environment variable poisonings. 205 00:16:18,280 --> 00:16:26,260 Now, in macOS, I won't talk too much about the security mechanisms in macOS, but injection in macOS is a real drag. 206 00:16:26,420 --> 00:16:30,300 It's not like Windows or Linux when you can just run open process or ptrace. 207 00:16:30,580 --> 00:16:38,080 And especially bash and Perl are still baked into macOS, and therefore Apple signed and actually are protected by SIP. 208 00:16:38,220 --> 00:16:43,800 So you can't get a task port to those processes, and you can't inject into them. 209 00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:49,800 And that's why we needed like a different method of injecting to those processes. 210 00:16:50,060 --> 00:16:53,100 And because they're interpreters, they're more convenient than others. 211 00:16:53,420 --> 00:16:57,800 Now, remember, these are processes that are child processes of system migration D. 212 00:16:57,940 --> 00:17:03,060 So the OS does not enforce SIP file system policy checks on them, which is really helpful. 213 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:07,580 And then I want to talk about environment variables. 214 00:17:07,780 --> 00:17:11,020 So we found two noteworthy environment variables. 215 00:17:11,620 --> 00:17:13,380 These are just man pages. 216 00:17:13,380 --> 00:17:14,920 Of bash and Perl. 217 00:17:15,420 --> 00:17:18,920 For bash, you have environment variable bash underscore env. 218 00:17:19,060 --> 00:17:24,100 And apparently, if you have that environment variable, you can just like write arbitrary commands there. 219 00:17:24,260 --> 00:17:27,840 And like bash will just run them, which is good and bad. 220 00:17:29,060 --> 00:17:34,820 For Perl, it's not really complicated, but you have Perl 5 opt for options. 221 00:17:35,180 --> 00:17:38,820 And you can also make Perl 5 opt by modifying it. 222 00:17:39,060 --> 00:17:43,360 You can make it run arbitrary Perl commands, which is really good. 223 00:17:43,380 --> 00:17:45,380 And it can be great and bad at the same time. 224 00:17:47,180 --> 00:17:49,920 Now, this is like I'm doing a sidetrack here. 225 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:52,860 This is a general rant about environment variables. 226 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:58,200 Shellshock happened in 2014, if you guys remember how bad it was. 227 00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:08,680 Basically, it was like a vulnerability in bash that was related to the parsing of environment variables and how they're eventually executing. 228 00:18:09,080 --> 00:18:13,360 But it's like we haven't learned a lot about the dangers of environment variables. 229 00:18:13,380 --> 00:18:20,760 And it just took like the last couple of years, even this year, like in different platforms, really. 230 00:18:20,840 --> 00:18:21,940 They're not all Mac OS. 231 00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:26,880 Like if you look at it, like the first one from 2023 is in Linux, right? 232 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:36,620 In a pseudo binary, in a suite binary, no less, which took years to really make secure and apparently not enough. 233 00:18:37,140 --> 00:18:41,760 And you have other cases here as well, including Linux. 234 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:45,220 Including Mac OS. 235 00:18:45,540 --> 00:18:47,340 And other things as well. 236 00:18:47,620 --> 00:18:51,640 And that doesn't even start like scratching the surface. 237 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:55,640 Because you have other issues that do not normally get CVEs. 238 00:18:55,800 --> 00:18:59,900 Like UAC bypasses on Windows and you can override like the WinDir directory. 239 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:06,040 Or cloud credentials that are in environment variables and API keys like literally everywhere. 240 00:19:06,380 --> 00:19:08,560 So environment variables are very dangerous. 241 00:19:08,660 --> 00:19:11,740 And should be, you know, should be taken care of. 242 00:19:11,740 --> 00:19:18,620 And this is where I turn over to Mike to talk about our exploitation strategy. 243 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:23,680 That man with the flask is a god damn hero. 244 00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:25,400 This is a fantastic tradition. 245 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:26,360 I just wanted to say that. 246 00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:27,540 So thank you for that. 247 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:33,460 Yeah, so like JB was talking about, the environment variables were the main thing that we went after. 248 00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:34,400 Environment variable poisoning. 249 00:19:35,220 --> 00:19:41,720 So we went about trying to validate this as a vulnerability that can be exploited. 250 00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:43,860 And we loaded by setting Bash EMV and Perl 5 opt. 251 00:19:44,540 --> 00:19:47,300 And from there we put the payload in the appropriate folder. 252 00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:52,420 And it was just simply a matter of getting system migration D to run one of these two interpreters. 253 00:19:52,500 --> 00:19:54,000 Which is a lot easier said than done. 254 00:19:54,480 --> 00:20:00,120 It felt like every single combination I tried didn't result in Bash or Perl being run at the end. 255 00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:01,040 Which was frustrating. 256 00:20:01,140 --> 00:20:06,060 But eventually was able to find the right combination of just creating like a single dummy user. 257 00:20:06,260 --> 00:20:09,240 And from there was able to get Perl to run. 258 00:20:09,360 --> 00:20:10,480 And that was like 4 a.m. 259 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:11,740 I was talking to Neurug who's in India. 260 00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:16,860 And he came up with Perl 5 opt exploit. 261 00:20:17,060 --> 00:20:18,300 And yeah. 262 00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:23,300 When I finally got to execute and validate that we got SIP bypass it was an amazing feeling. 263 00:20:23,500 --> 00:20:25,140 And I was also like quite sleep deprived. 264 00:20:27,400 --> 00:20:28,300 So yeah. 265 00:20:28,340 --> 00:20:30,960 While we did prove that this is something that can be exploited. 266 00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:37,820 It wasn't perfect because we required like a physical USB drive to be attached to the device. 267 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:39,680 Migration. 268 00:20:39,680 --> 00:20:42,720 As you may or may not know will log off all users. 269 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:45,680 Requires manual clicking through all the windows. 270 00:20:46,560 --> 00:20:48,380 And then of course it reboots at the end. 271 00:20:48,500 --> 00:20:51,600 So that's not ideal for a remote attacker. 272 00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:57,880 So this was a demo that we sent to Apple. 273 00:20:57,980 --> 00:20:58,660 I'm going to spare you all. 274 00:20:58,680 --> 00:21:01,900 I'm not going to make you watch a 15 minute migration demo of me. 275 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:04,980 Namering on about the migration process. 276 00:21:05,220 --> 00:21:07,180 But I just want to show a snapshot here. 277 00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:08,080 Where. 278 00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:12,220 At the end we're writing over the Apple kex exclude file. 279 00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:14,160 So if you don't know. 280 00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:15,700 Apple kicked everyone out of the kernel. 281 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:22,360 But there were certain kernel modules that Apple still allowed to be loaded and executed. 282 00:21:22,820 --> 00:21:28,040 And all that's kept in a SIP protected file called Apple kex exclude list. 283 00:21:28,660 --> 00:21:32,420 So in the demo I overwrote that file with just the word migraine. 284 00:21:32,520 --> 00:21:37,220 As like a proof of concept to show that we can control these SIP protected areas. 285 00:21:40,060 --> 00:21:40,500 Okay. 286 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:41,320 So like I said. 287 00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:44,940 The initial demo and everything was pretty ugly. 288 00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:49,840 So the main challenges here were to obviously get rid of all log off. 289 00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:50,520 Get rid of reboot. 290 00:21:50,740 --> 00:21:51,860 We wanted to automate clicking. 291 00:21:52,020 --> 00:21:53,800 So there's no user interaction needed. 292 00:21:53,900 --> 00:21:57,980 And obviously we don't want to have a USB of physical access for this exploit to run. 293 00:21:58,440 --> 00:22:02,580 So we began reversing and trying to figure out how we can make that happen. 294 00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:04,600 So there's a top down approach and a bottom up. 295 00:22:04,940 --> 00:22:05,740 Top down. 296 00:22:05,740 --> 00:22:13,040 Was a very disgusting approach where we tried patching the system binaries themselves to get the behavior we want. 297 00:22:13,100 --> 00:22:15,000 Obviously and naturally I took the disgusting approach. 298 00:22:15,120 --> 00:22:15,540 Top down. 299 00:22:16,020 --> 00:22:22,660 Bottom up was the more cleaner approach where we took the private framework that the migration daemon uses. 300 00:22:23,120 --> 00:22:25,740 And we tried to bend it to our will. 301 00:22:25,920 --> 00:22:31,240 And call the functionality we need within that private framework directly with our own binary. 302 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:32,460 Spoiler alert. 303 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:34,320 Neither of these approaches worked. 304 00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:35,720 And we'll get into why that is. 305 00:22:36,900 --> 00:22:37,380 Okay. 306 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:44,160 So migration like with most things in Mac is not a simple system. 307 00:22:44,380 --> 00:22:44,880 It's complex. 308 00:22:45,360 --> 00:22:50,780 And it's multiple different processes that communicate through XPC and IPC to make this happen. 309 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:57,280 We were trying to find some kind of documentation on migration and how it all works. 310 00:22:57,380 --> 00:23:00,940 And of course Apple being Apple didn't offer us any of that documentation. 311 00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:04,300 And we couldn't find anyone who's not doing this and reversing it. 312 00:23:04,380 --> 00:23:05,700 So as far as we could find. 313 00:23:05,700 --> 00:23:06,780 We're the first ones to do it. 314 00:23:07,560 --> 00:23:10,360 So let's get into the high level of migration. 315 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:13,620 So these blue squares. 316 00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:15,980 These are the key processes involved with migration. 317 00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:20,740 You can kind of think of like migration as like a chain. 318 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:23,300 And each link in the chain calls into the next. 319 00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:29,080 And the previous link validates that the previous caller has the appropriate private entitlement. 320 00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:33,200 So an example being migration assistant will call into MBCIS administration. 321 00:23:33,700 --> 00:23:34,720 But then MBCIS administration. 322 00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:36,640 Before it goes any further. 323 00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:41,940 Will validate that it has com.apple.private.MBCIS administration entitlement. 324 00:23:42,140 --> 00:23:43,960 And system administration calls in a setup assistant. 325 00:23:44,180 --> 00:23:45,540 And setup assistant calls into the daemon. 326 00:23:45,660 --> 00:23:47,480 All of which validate the previous caller. 327 00:23:50,300 --> 00:23:50,740 Okay. 328 00:23:50,800 --> 00:23:51,640 So migration assistant. 329 00:23:51,860 --> 00:23:54,580 This is the first link in the proverbial chain. 330 00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:57,800 And this is what you all are used to using if you've ever done migration. 331 00:23:58,360 --> 00:24:00,940 It's essentially the setup wizard for migration. 332 00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:04,360 Where you can port PC or Mac devices. 333 00:24:04,360 --> 00:24:05,400 You can do it over hardware. 334 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:06,580 You can do it over network. 335 00:24:06,860 --> 00:24:07,820 All different options. 336 00:24:08,020 --> 00:24:09,400 So with the top down approach. 337 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:10,660 I wanted to patch this out. 338 00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:13,840 Because the most annoying thing we had to deal with was the logout issue. 339 00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:15,460 So if you're interested. 340 00:24:15,740 --> 00:24:20,840 The function that migration assistant uses is something called saclo start logout with options. 341 00:24:22,180 --> 00:24:25,220 Patching that out unfortunately didn't work for multiple reasons. 342 00:24:25,540 --> 00:24:26,600 And we'll show you why. 343 00:24:28,260 --> 00:24:28,840 Oh yeah. 344 00:24:28,900 --> 00:24:31,800 So this was a little funny thing that JBO noticed. 345 00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:33,740 So when you go from PC. 346 00:24:33,740 --> 00:24:35,920 To a MacBook. 347 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:40,000 Apple was kind enough to represent the PC as having a blue screen of death. 348 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:42,720 So well played Apple. 349 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:43,260 Good job. 350 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:46,400 Okay. 351 00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:47,100 So the next link. 352 00:24:47,180 --> 00:24:50,220 So migration assistant will then talk with MBCIS administration. 353 00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:53,100 And like I mentioned. 354 00:24:53,300 --> 00:24:57,700 It'll make sure the XPC caller has the appropriate entitlement. 355 00:24:57,800 --> 00:24:59,580 The MBCIS administration entitlement. 356 00:25:01,160 --> 00:25:03,720 I obviously tried calling MBCIS. 357 00:25:03,740 --> 00:25:04,540 Administration directly. 358 00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:06,640 Thinking oh we can get around the logout. 359 00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:08,020 By just making our own binary. 360 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:09,780 And at the bottom here. 361 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:11,280 As you can see. 362 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:13,660 This is the console output of it. 363 00:25:13,720 --> 00:25:14,500 Telling me to fuck off. 364 00:25:15,020 --> 00:25:15,140 So. 365 00:25:18,860 --> 00:25:19,800 You might be wondering. 366 00:25:19,880 --> 00:25:22,020 How does migration work? 367 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:24,980 How is a user able to interact with a GUI. 368 00:25:25,820 --> 00:25:27,700 Even though all the users are logged out. 369 00:25:27,880 --> 00:25:29,180 And the answer to that is. 370 00:25:29,260 --> 00:25:30,880 There's a hidden user called MV setup user. 371 00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:32,680 MBCIS administration. 372 00:25:32,680 --> 00:25:34,100 Will essentially. 373 00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:37,840 Use this user for the entire process. 374 00:25:37,900 --> 00:25:40,020 So you're not actually running as your user. 375 00:25:40,120 --> 00:25:41,420 You're running as this hidden user. 376 00:25:42,220 --> 00:25:43,180 There's no password. 377 00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:44,520 So we tried logging into it. 378 00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:47,020 And I thought we could get away with doing some fun trickery. 379 00:25:47,140 --> 00:25:47,320 But. 380 00:25:47,900 --> 00:25:49,580 Those darn entitlements got us again. 381 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:52,480 Okay. 382 00:25:52,540 --> 00:25:53,360 So setup assistant. 383 00:25:53,900 --> 00:25:54,380 So. 384 00:25:55,060 --> 00:25:57,080 The MBCIS administration process. 385 00:25:57,260 --> 00:26:00,380 Will eventually call into setup assistant. 386 00:26:00,580 --> 00:26:02,380 Setup assistant is like a generic utility. 387 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:02,960 That can be used. 388 00:26:03,160 --> 00:26:04,840 By a lot of different things. 389 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:05,820 In the system. 390 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:07,240 Some examples would be like. 391 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:08,100 System upgrade. 392 00:26:08,220 --> 00:26:08,660 Or. 393 00:26:09,100 --> 00:26:09,980 Accessibility wizard. 394 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:10,920 Or of course migration. 395 00:26:11,220 --> 00:26:12,460 And a whole lot of other things. 396 00:26:13,300 --> 00:26:15,180 And MBCIS administration essentially. 397 00:26:15,440 --> 00:26:16,940 Will talk to setup assistant. 398 00:26:17,300 --> 00:26:19,140 And it'll put it into the context of migration. 399 00:26:19,640 --> 00:26:20,940 And eventually it'll transfer. 400 00:26:21,540 --> 00:26:22,260 Migration assistant. 401 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:23,080 Into. 402 00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:25,160 Setup assistant context. 403 00:26:25,300 --> 00:26:27,220 So that's basically what's being called. 404 00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:28,400 After a certain point. 405 00:26:28,460 --> 00:26:29,540 Instead of migration assistant. 406 00:26:30,700 --> 00:26:31,580 Of course. 407 00:26:31,580 --> 00:26:32,520 When it does that. 408 00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:33,280 It's validating. 409 00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:34,440 That the entitlement. 410 00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:34,960 Is improved. 411 00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:36,240 Approved. 412 00:26:36,260 --> 00:26:37,640 Before it continues to do that. 413 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:38,460 And then from there. 414 00:26:38,500 --> 00:26:38,900 Setup assistant. 415 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:40,000 Will talk with the main. 416 00:26:40,580 --> 00:26:41,280 Main honcho. 417 00:26:41,340 --> 00:26:41,720 Which is. 418 00:26:42,080 --> 00:26:42,720 Migration assistant. 419 00:26:43,220 --> 00:26:43,520 Or. 420 00:26:43,740 --> 00:26:44,140 Daemon. 421 00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:45,240 The migration daemon. 422 00:26:45,900 --> 00:26:46,600 And it does this with. 423 00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:47,080 XPC. 424 00:26:47,180 --> 00:26:47,540 And of course. 425 00:26:47,580 --> 00:26:48,600 The system migration D. 426 00:26:48,660 --> 00:26:49,220 Will validate. 427 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:50,600 That the caller has the. 428 00:26:50,740 --> 00:26:51,500 Right entitlement. 429 00:26:51,640 --> 00:26:52,340 In this case. 430 00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:52,800 It would be. 431 00:26:53,100 --> 00:26:53,500 Private. 432 00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:54,320 System migration. 433 00:26:54,620 --> 00:26:55,160 Daemon client. 434 00:26:55,680 --> 00:26:56,340 By the way. 435 00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:56,800 Setup assistant. 436 00:26:56,980 --> 00:26:57,380 Is like. 437 00:26:57,940 --> 00:26:58,340 Filled. 438 00:26:58,560 --> 00:26:59,300 With entitlement. 439 00:26:59,460 --> 00:26:59,920 So if you're looking. 440 00:26:59,980 --> 00:27:00,760 For an interesting target. 441 00:27:01,100 --> 00:27:01,980 I recommend going. 442 00:27:02,060 --> 00:27:02,480 Setup assistant. 443 00:27:02,740 --> 00:27:03,180 And if not. 444 00:27:03,280 --> 00:27:03,720 Setup assistant. 445 00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:04,540 In their folder. 446 00:27:04,620 --> 00:27:05,060 There's other. 447 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:05,480 Like just. 448 00:27:05,580 --> 00:27:05,980 Utility. 449 00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:06,920 Binaries. 450 00:27:06,940 --> 00:27:07,200 That are. 451 00:27:07,740 --> 00:27:08,140 Ridiculously. 452 00:27:08,460 --> 00:27:08,860 Entitled. 453 00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:09,440 So. 454 00:27:09,980 --> 00:27:10,760 Just some homework. 455 00:27:10,840 --> 00:27:11,040 To do. 456 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:13,580 All right. 457 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:14,460 System migration D. 458 00:27:14,580 --> 00:27:15,220 So this was the. 459 00:27:15,260 --> 00:27:15,760 Bottom approach. 460 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:16,160 That. 461 00:27:16,540 --> 00:27:17,380 Bottom up approach. 462 00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:17,760 That. 463 00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:18,360 Anurag took. 464 00:27:19,900 --> 00:27:20,700 When starting. 465 00:27:20,820 --> 00:27:21,300 To reverse. 466 00:27:21,300 --> 00:27:21,840 A system. 467 00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:22,180 Binary. 468 00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:22,680 We recommend. 469 00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:23,120 You look. 470 00:27:23,140 --> 00:27:23,460 You start. 471 00:27:23,580 --> 00:27:23,880 With the. 472 00:27:24,000 --> 00:27:24,280 XPC. 473 00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:24,840 Handlers. 474 00:27:24,980 --> 00:27:25,400 For like. 475 00:27:25,540 --> 00:27:25,820 Privilege. 476 00:27:26,020 --> 00:27:26,300 Escalation. 477 00:27:26,620 --> 00:27:26,900 Or. 478 00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:27,100 Max. 479 00:27:27,260 --> 00:27:27,540 Services. 480 00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:29,040 You can. 481 00:27:29,080 --> 00:27:29,320 Usually. 482 00:27:29,340 --> 00:27:29,540 Find. 483 00:27:29,640 --> 00:27:29,760 Those. 484 00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:29,920 By. 485 00:27:29,940 --> 00:27:30,180 Opening. 486 00:27:30,220 --> 00:27:30,300 Up. 487 00:27:30,300 --> 00:27:30,400 The. 488 00:27:30,540 --> 00:27:30,820 Associated. 489 00:27:30,860 --> 00:27:30,980 P. 490 00:27:31,020 --> 00:27:31,200 List. 491 00:27:31,780 --> 00:27:32,060 Shown. 492 00:27:32,100 --> 00:27:32,320 Here. 493 00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:32,800 And. 494 00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:49,800 This. 495 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:49,960 Object. 496 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:50,060 The. 497 00:27:50,220 --> 00:27:50,460 Migration. 498 00:27:50,540 --> 00:27:50,780 Object. 499 00:27:50,880 --> 00:27:50,980 That. 500 00:27:51,040 --> 00:27:51,280 Uses. 501 00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:51,480 Along. 502 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:51,700 With. 503 00:27:51,720 --> 00:27:51,840 The. 504 00:27:51,860 --> 00:27:52,060 Start. 505 00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:52,560 Listener. 506 00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:52,680 For. 507 00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:53,120 Connections. 508 00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:53,440 Function. 509 00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:53,660 Which. 510 00:27:53,700 --> 00:27:53,820 Is. 511 00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:54,020 How. 512 00:27:54,160 --> 00:27:54,280 It. 513 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:54,640 Handles. 514 00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:55,240 Like. 515 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:55,340 A. 516 00:27:55,420 --> 00:27:55,640 Callback. 517 00:27:55,740 --> 00:27:55,980 For. 518 00:27:56,140 --> 00:27:56,380 Valid. 519 00:27:56,620 --> 00:27:56,860 XPC. 520 00:27:57,140 --> 00:27:57,380 Requests. 521 00:28:00,420 --> 00:28:00,660 Okay. 522 00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:01,120 So. 523 00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:01,880 When. 524 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:02,120 It. 525 00:28:02,360 --> 00:28:02,400 Does. 526 00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:03,200 Receive. 527 00:28:03,260 --> 00:28:03,380 A. 528 00:28:03,500 --> 00:28:03,800 Valid. 529 00:28:03,980 --> 00:28:04,380 Migration. 530 00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:04,660 Request. 531 00:28:04,860 --> 00:28:05,260 System. 532 00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:05,640 Migration. 533 00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:05,840 D. 534 00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:06,140 Will. 535 00:28:06,260 --> 00:28:06,620 Create. 536 00:28:06,700 --> 00:28:07,040 A. 537 00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:07,500 File. 538 00:28:07,900 --> 00:28:08,300 In. 539 00:28:08,340 --> 00:28:08,380 The. 540 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:08,800 Location. 541 00:28:08,840 --> 00:28:09,160 Library. 542 00:28:09,360 --> 00:28:09,660 Slash. 543 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:10,080 System. 544 00:28:10,140 --> 00:28:10,460 Migration. 545 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:11,000 Slash. 546 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:11,200 Q. 547 00:28:12,020 --> 00:28:12,420 And. 548 00:28:12,620 --> 00:28:12,860 In. 549 00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:13,020 There. 550 00:28:13,100 --> 00:28:13,340 Is. 551 00:28:13,380 --> 00:28:13,560 All. 552 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:14,060 The. 553 00:28:15,500 --> 00:28:15,900 Associated. 554 00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:31,960 Do. 555 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:32,200 That. 556 00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:32,420 Only. 557 00:28:32,540 --> 00:28:32,780 System. 558 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:33,200 Migration. 559 00:28:33,220 --> 00:28:33,380 D. 560 00:28:33,420 --> 00:28:33,560 Can. 561 00:28:34,260 --> 00:28:34,500 Modify. 562 00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:34,920 Create. 563 00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:35,200 Or. 564 00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:35,480 Delete. 565 00:28:35,640 --> 00:28:35,880 Files. 566 00:28:35,900 --> 00:28:36,040 At. 567 00:28:36,060 --> 00:28:36,120 That. 568 00:28:36,360 --> 00:28:36,600 Location. 569 00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:39,000 So. 570 00:28:39,380 --> 00:28:39,620 Anyone. 571 00:28:39,740 --> 00:28:39,980 Who. 572 00:28:40,020 --> 00:28:40,120 Has. 573 00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:40,280 Done. 574 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:40,680 Migration. 575 00:28:41,220 --> 00:28:41,460 Can. 576 00:28:41,560 --> 00:28:41,740 Tell. 577 00:28:41,820 --> 00:28:41,920 You. 578 00:28:41,940 --> 00:28:42,060 That. 579 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:42,240 There. 580 00:28:42,340 --> 00:28:42,500 Is. 581 00:28:42,580 --> 00:28:42,680 At. 582 00:28:42,740 --> 00:28:42,820 Least. 583 00:28:42,820 --> 00:28:42,940 One. 584 00:28:43,100 --> 00:28:43,320 Reboot. 585 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:43,420 If. 586 00:28:43,460 --> 00:28:43,520 Not. 587 00:28:43,580 --> 00:28:43,760 Multiple. 588 00:28:44,020 --> 00:28:44,240 Reboots. 589 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:44,580 And. 590 00:28:44,740 --> 00:28:44,940 The. 591 00:28:45,020 --> 00:28:45,080 Way. 592 00:28:45,120 --> 00:28:45,180 The. 593 00:28:45,280 --> 00:28:45,400 System. 594 00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:45,820 Can. 595 00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:46,140 Keep. 596 00:28:46,260 --> 00:28:46,460 Track. 597 00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:46,820 Of. 598 00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:47,060 What. 599 00:28:47,140 --> 00:28:47,240 The. 600 00:28:47,260 --> 00:28:47,440 Current. 601 00:28:47,780 --> 00:28:48,000 Migration. 602 00:28:48,060 --> 00:28:48,280 Request. 603 00:28:48,420 --> 00:28:48,640 Is. 604 00:28:48,660 --> 00:28:48,800 Is. 605 00:28:48,820 --> 00:28:48,920 It. 606 00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:49,220 Takes. 607 00:28:49,260 --> 00:28:49,480 The. 608 00:28:50,140 --> 00:28:50,360 One. 609 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:50,480 Of. 610 00:28:50,660 --> 00:28:50,880 Specified. 611 00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:51,260 Files. 612 00:28:51,260 --> 00:28:51,400 And. 613 00:28:51,500 --> 00:28:51,520 It. 614 00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:51,920 Renames. 615 00:28:51,980 --> 00:28:52,080 It. 616 00:28:52,100 --> 00:28:52,280 To. 617 00:28:52,620 --> 00:28:52,820 In. 618 00:28:52,900 --> 00:28:53,060 Dash. 619 00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:53,320 Flight. 620 00:28:53,540 --> 00:28:53,740 At. 621 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:53,840 The. 622 00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:53,960 Same. 623 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:54,360 Location. 624 00:28:54,500 --> 00:28:54,700 That's. 625 00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:55,080 Sit. 626 00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:55,520 Protected. 627 00:28:57,460 --> 00:28:57,660 All. 628 00:28:57,820 --> 00:28:57,920 Right. 629 00:28:57,980 --> 00:28:58,180 So. 630 00:28:58,380 --> 00:28:58,580 Why. 631 00:28:58,640 --> 00:28:58,700 Do. 632 00:28:58,760 --> 00:28:58,780 Our. 633 00:28:58,900 --> 00:28:59,100 Approaches. 634 00:28:59,140 --> 00:28:59,280 Fail. 635 00:28:59,360 --> 00:28:59,500 Well. 636 00:28:59,720 --> 00:28:59,920 Like. 637 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:00,060 I. 638 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:00,520 Mentioned. 639 00:29:00,680 --> 00:29:00,880 Several. 640 00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:01,280 Times. 641 00:29:01,540 --> 00:29:01,740 The. 642 00:29:01,820 --> 00:29:02,000 Entitlements. 643 00:29:02,100 --> 00:29:02,160 Were. 644 00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:02,260 The. 645 00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:02,360 Big. 646 00:29:02,460 --> 00:29:02,660 Thing. 647 00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:03,120 So. 648 00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:03,300 Any. 649 00:29:03,340 --> 00:29:03,440 Time. 650 00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:03,580 We. 651 00:29:03,600 --> 00:29:03,780 Tried. 652 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:04,200 Talking. 653 00:29:04,380 --> 00:29:04,580 Directly. 654 00:29:04,580 --> 00:29:04,720 With. 655 00:29:04,940 --> 00:29:05,140 MbSys. 656 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:05,480 Administration. 657 00:29:06,520 --> 00:29:06,720 Or. 658 00:29:06,860 --> 00:29:07,060 The. 659 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:07,320 Daemon. 660 00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:07,560 Itself. 661 00:29:08,220 --> 00:29:08,420 We. 662 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:08,600 Couldn. 663 00:29:08,640 --> 00:29:08,760 Get. 664 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:08,980 Very. 665 00:29:09,060 --> 00:29:09,240 Far. 666 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:09,480 Because. 667 00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:09,700 They. 668 00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:10,040 Validate. 669 00:29:10,060 --> 00:29:10,160 That. 670 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:10,520 Caller. 671 00:29:10,580 --> 00:29:10,660 Has. 672 00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:10,940 The. 673 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:11,420 Appropriate. 674 00:29:11,420 --> 00:29:11,640 Private. 675 00:29:11,740 --> 00:29:12,000 Entitlement. 676 00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:13,380 Also. 677 00:29:13,820 --> 00:29:14,120 On. 678 00:29:14,740 --> 00:29:15,040 Newer. 679 00:29:15,140 --> 00:29:15,440 Apple. 680 00:29:15,540 --> 00:29:15,780 Silicon. 681 00:29:15,900 --> 00:29:16,200 Devices. 682 00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:16,400 While. 683 00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:16,560 This. 684 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:16,780 Isn't. 685 00:29:16,900 --> 00:29:17,200 There. 686 00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:17,400 Are. 687 00:29:17,580 --> 00:29:17,880 Workarounds. 688 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:18,080 For. 689 00:29:18,100 --> 00:29:18,320 This. 690 00:29:18,700 --> 00:29:19,000 If. 691 00:29:19,160 --> 00:29:19,180 You. 692 00:29:19,220 --> 00:29:19,320 Try. 693 00:29:19,400 --> 00:29:19,460 To. 694 00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:19,640 Like. 695 00:29:19,860 --> 00:29:20,160 Patch. 696 00:29:20,220 --> 00:29:20,380 A. 697 00:29:20,420 --> 00:29:20,580 System. 698 00:29:21,820 --> 00:29:22,120 Binary. 699 00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:22,860 The. 700 00:29:40,160 --> 00:29:40,180 We. 701 00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:40,640 Started. 702 00:29:40,780 --> 00:29:40,960 Thinking. 703 00:29:41,040 --> 00:29:41,220 Maybe. 704 00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:41,420 There's. 705 00:29:41,460 --> 00:29:41,520 A. 706 00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:41,760 Way. 707 00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:42,120 That. 708 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:42,300 We. 709 00:29:42,340 --> 00:29:42,460 Can. 710 00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:42,840 You. 711 00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:43,020 Know. 712 00:29:43,060 --> 00:29:43,300 Cut. 713 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:43,600 Out. 714 00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:44,140 Migration. 715 00:29:44,180 --> 00:29:44,420 Assistant. 716 00:29:44,820 --> 00:29:45,060 And. 717 00:29:45,100 --> 00:29:45,200 Just. 718 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:45,340 Talk. 719 00:29:45,420 --> 00:29:45,500 With. 720 00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:45,720 Setup. 721 00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:45,960 Assistant. 722 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:46,520 Directly. 723 00:29:47,820 --> 00:29:48,060 And. 724 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:48,960 We. 725 00:30:04,700 --> 00:30:04,940 Had. 726 00:30:04,940 --> 00:30:05,080 An. 727 00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:05,220 In-House. 728 00:30:05,580 --> 00:30:05,820 Tool. 729 00:30:05,820 --> 00:30:05,940 That. 730 00:30:05,980 --> 00:30:06,100 We. 731 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:06,640 Setup. 732 00:30:06,660 --> 00:30:06,820 Assistant. 733 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:07,240 Directly. 734 00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:07,480 To. 735 00:30:07,920 --> 00:30:08,120 Create. 736 00:30:08,300 --> 00:30:08,400 The. 737 00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:08,840 Migration. 738 00:30:09,680 --> 00:30:09,880 Behavior. 739 00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:10,280 So. 740 00:30:10,340 --> 00:30:10,440 We. 741 00:30:10,500 --> 00:30:10,580 Can. 742 00:30:11,740 --> 00:30:11,940 Prevent. 743 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:12,080 The. 744 00:30:12,140 --> 00:30:12,200 Log. 745 00:30:12,260 --> 00:30:12,400 Out. 746 00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:12,880 And. 747 00:30:13,220 --> 00:30:13,420 To. 748 00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:13,560 Begin. 749 00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:13,760 With. 750 00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:14,400 So. 751 00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:14,720 As. 752 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:14,920 We. 753 00:30:15,460 --> 00:30:15,660 Looked. 754 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:16,080 Into. 755 00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:16,440 The. 756 00:30:16,840 --> 00:30:17,020 Reversing. 757 00:30:17,020 --> 00:30:17,180 The. 758 00:30:17,480 --> 00:30:17,660 Setup. 759 00:30:17,700 --> 00:30:17,880 Assistant. 760 00:30:18,020 --> 00:30:18,140 We. 761 00:30:18,180 --> 00:30:18,280 Did. 762 00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:18,620 Realize. 763 00:30:18,620 --> 00:30:18,740 There. 764 00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:18,960 Were. 765 00:30:19,620 --> 00:30:19,800 Other. 766 00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:20,140 Parameters. 767 00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:20,360 Being. 768 00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:20,740 Used. 769 00:30:21,160 --> 00:30:21,340 And. 770 00:30:21,440 --> 00:30:21,620 We'll. 771 00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:21,760 Show. 772 00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:21,920 That. 773 00:30:21,960 --> 00:30:22,040 Right. 774 00:30:22,100 --> 00:30:22,240 Here. 775 00:30:23,020 --> 00:30:23,200 So. 776 00:30:23,240 --> 00:30:23,320 This. 777 00:30:23,340 --> 00:30:23,380 Is. 778 00:30:23,380 --> 00:30:23,460 The. 779 00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:23,560 Main. 780 00:30:23,780 --> 00:30:23,960 Handler. 781 00:30:24,020 --> 00:30:24,200 From. 782 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:24,400 Anybody. 783 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:24,740 Us. 784 00:30:39,460 --> 00:30:39,640 So. 785 00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:39,720 We. 786 00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:40,200 Figured. 787 00:30:40,580 --> 00:30:40,780 Okay. 788 00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:40,900 There. 789 00:30:40,980 --> 00:30:41,040 Might. 790 00:30:41,060 --> 00:30:41,120 Be. 791 00:30:41,140 --> 00:30:41,260 Something. 792 00:30:41,340 --> 00:30:41,500 To. 793 00:30:41,560 --> 00:30:41,760 This. 794 00:30:42,260 --> 00:30:42,460 Passing. 795 00:30:42,520 --> 00:30:42,720 Setup. 796 00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:42,920 Assistant. 797 00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:43,440 Parameter. 798 00:30:44,060 --> 00:30:44,260 To. 799 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:44,420 Get. 800 00:30:44,420 --> 00:30:44,520 This. 801 00:30:44,540 --> 00:30:44,620 To. 802 00:30:44,620 --> 00:30:44,700 Run. 803 00:30:44,940 --> 00:30:45,140 Migration. 804 00:30:45,740 --> 00:30:45,940 So. 805 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:46,720 While. 806 00:30:46,860 --> 00:30:46,940 The. 807 00:30:47,060 --> 00:30:47,140 Main. 808 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:47,600 Function. 809 00:30:47,620 --> 00:30:47,800 Didn't. 810 00:30:47,860 --> 00:30:47,960 Have. 811 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:48,100 What. 812 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:48,200 We. 813 00:30:48,280 --> 00:30:48,480 Wanted. 814 00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:48,560 We. 815 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:48,820 Looked. 816 00:30:48,840 --> 00:30:49,040 Further. 817 00:30:49,160 --> 00:30:49,360 And. 818 00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:49,500 We. 819 00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:49,680 Found. 820 00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:49,820 A. 821 00:30:49,860 --> 00:30:50,040 Function. 822 00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:50,320 Called. 823 00:30:50,620 --> 00:30:50,820 Use. 824 00:30:51,020 --> 00:30:51,220 Debug. 825 00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:51,600 Parameters. 826 00:30:51,660 --> 00:30:51,780 And. 827 00:30:51,800 --> 00:30:51,980 In. 828 00:30:52,040 --> 00:30:52,140 There. 829 00:30:52,740 --> 00:30:52,940 Is. 830 00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:53,240 A. 831 00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:53,720 Parameter. 832 00:30:53,780 --> 00:30:53,840 It. 833 00:30:53,860 --> 00:30:54,040 Handles. 834 00:30:54,040 --> 00:30:54,240 Called. 835 00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:54,600 Dash. 836 00:30:54,620 --> 00:30:54,820 MB. 837 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:55,320 Debug. 838 00:30:55,500 --> 00:30:55,700 And. 839 00:30:55,780 --> 00:30:55,920 When. 840 00:30:55,960 --> 00:30:56,020 We. 841 00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:56,180 Use. 842 00:30:56,220 --> 00:30:56,340 That. 843 00:30:56,340 --> 00:30:56,460 We. 844 00:30:56,600 --> 00:30:56,720 Were. 845 00:30:57,160 --> 00:30:57,460 Super. 846 00:30:57,640 --> 00:30:57,940 Excited. 847 00:30:57,940 --> 00:30:58,100 To. 848 00:30:58,140 --> 00:30:58,340 See. 849 00:30:58,380 --> 00:30:58,680 That. 850 00:30:58,700 --> 00:30:58,840 The. 851 00:30:58,920 --> 00:30:59,060 Old. 852 00:30:59,200 --> 00:30:59,500 Familiar. 853 00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:00,000 Migration. 854 00:31:00,240 --> 00:31:00,540 Windows. 855 00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:00,840 Were. 856 00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:01,100 Up. 857 00:31:01,100 --> 00:31:01,260 In. 858 00:31:02,460 --> 00:31:02,760 Yeah. 859 00:31:02,940 --> 00:31:03,240 That. 860 00:31:03,380 --> 00:31:03,660 Means. 861 00:31:03,940 --> 00:31:04,120 No. 862 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:04,400 Log. 863 00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:04,520 Out. 864 00:31:04,540 --> 00:31:04,800 Needed. 865 00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:04,960 If. 866 00:31:05,020 --> 00:31:05,140 You. 867 00:31:05,780 --> 00:31:06,080 Bypass. 868 00:31:06,300 --> 00:31:06,600 Migration. 869 00:31:06,660 --> 00:31:06,880 Assistant. 870 00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:07,900 You. 871 00:31:07,980 --> 00:31:08,280 Bypass. 872 00:31:08,500 --> 00:31:08,680 Logging. 873 00:31:08,700 --> 00:31:08,800 Out. 874 00:31:10,060 --> 00:31:10,240 So. 875 00:31:11,420 --> 00:31:11,600 Yeah. 876 00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:12,300 While. 877 00:31:12,480 --> 00:31:12,560 It. 878 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:12,620 Was. 879 00:31:12,780 --> 00:31:12,960 Great. 880 00:31:13,060 --> 00:31:13,160 To. 881 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:13,260 See. 882 00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:13,660 Migration. 883 00:31:13,700 --> 00:31:13,800 It. 884 00:31:13,860 --> 00:31:14,020 Still. 885 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:14,260 Was. 886 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:14,620 A. 887 00:31:14,760 --> 00:31:14,860 Bit. 888 00:31:14,940 --> 00:31:15,000 Of. 889 00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:15,060 A. 890 00:31:15,060 --> 00:31:15,220 Problem. 891 00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:15,360 With. 892 00:31:15,620 --> 00:31:15,800 Automating. 893 00:31:15,980 --> 00:31:16,160 Because. 894 00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:16,380 There. 895 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:16,500 Were. 896 00:31:16,540 --> 00:31:16,560 So. 897 00:31:16,660 --> 00:31:16,720 Many. 898 00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:17,060 Frivolous. 899 00:31:17,140 --> 00:31:17,320 Windows. 900 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:17,660 And. 901 00:31:17,660 --> 00:31:17,860 Extra. 902 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:18,160 Things. 903 00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:18,300 That. 904 00:31:18,340 --> 00:31:18,400 Made. 905 00:31:18,700 --> 00:31:18,860 Difficult. 906 00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:19,040 To. 907 00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:19,240 Use. 908 00:31:19,300 --> 00:31:19,440 Apple. 909 00:31:19,520 --> 00:31:19,680 Script. 910 00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:19,860 To. 911 00:31:19,880 --> 00:31:20,040 Click. 912 00:31:20,060 --> 00:31:20,180 Through. 913 00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:21,000 So. 914 00:31:21,120 --> 00:31:21,180 We. 915 00:31:21,220 --> 00:31:21,340 Found. 916 00:31:21,480 --> 00:31:21,640 That. 917 00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:21,780 If. 918 00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:21,900 You. 919 00:31:21,940 --> 00:31:22,020 Use. 920 00:31:22,020 --> 00:31:22,160 MB. 921 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:22,560 Debug. 922 00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:22,740 In. 923 00:31:23,060 --> 00:31:23,220 Conjunction. 924 00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:23,640 With. 925 00:31:23,820 --> 00:31:23,980 Resume. 926 00:31:23,980 --> 00:31:24,140 Buddy. 927 00:31:24,220 --> 00:31:24,380 Yes. 928 00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:24,520 It. 929 00:31:24,580 --> 00:31:24,620 Has. 930 00:31:24,620 --> 00:31:24,660 A. 931 00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:25,460 Lean. 932 00:31:25,940 --> 00:31:26,180 Migration. 933 00:31:26,420 --> 00:31:26,660 Process. 934 00:31:27,780 --> 00:31:28,020 That. 935 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:28,200 We. 936 00:31:28,280 --> 00:31:28,320 Were. 937 00:31:28,380 --> 00:31:28,500 Able. 938 00:31:28,540 --> 00:31:28,640 To. 939 00:31:28,940 --> 00:31:29,180 Pretty. 940 00:31:29,300 --> 00:31:29,540 Trivially. 941 00:31:30,500 --> 00:31:30,740 Automate. 942 00:31:30,900 --> 00:31:31,140 With. 943 00:31:31,180 --> 00:31:31,360 Apple. 944 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:31,600 Script. 945 00:31:31,740 --> 00:31:31,820 And. 946 00:31:31,900 --> 00:31:32,080 For. 947 00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:32,280 People. 948 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:32,440 Who. 949 00:31:32,460 --> 00:31:32,600 Don't. 950 00:31:32,660 --> 00:31:32,840 Know. 951 00:31:33,240 --> 00:31:33,480 Apple. 952 00:31:33,820 --> 00:31:34,060 Scripts. 953 00:31:34,100 --> 00:31:34,340 Can. 954 00:31:35,380 --> 00:31:35,620 Click. 955 00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:35,860 Through. 956 00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:36,240 Various. 957 00:31:36,340 --> 00:31:36,580 Windows. 958 00:31:48,700 --> 00:31:48,940 As. 959 00:31:54,620 --> 00:31:54,700 One. 960 00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:54,760 Gigabyte. 961 00:31:54,860 --> 00:31:54,980 Time. 962 00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:55,180 Machine. 963 00:31:55,460 --> 00:31:55,640 Backup. 964 00:31:56,100 --> 00:31:56,280 Like. 965 00:31:56,500 --> 00:31:56,580 A. 966 00:31:57,320 --> 00:31:57,500 Partition. 967 00:31:57,640 --> 00:31:57,820 On. 968 00:31:57,900 --> 00:31:57,960 The. 969 00:31:58,000 --> 00:31:58,040 Hard. 970 00:31:58,160 --> 00:31:58,340 Drive. 971 00:31:59,480 --> 00:31:59,660 You. 972 00:31:59,760 --> 00:31:59,840 Might. 973 00:31:59,880 --> 00:31:59,940 Be. 974 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:00,140 Thinking. 975 00:32:00,200 --> 00:32:00,360 One. 976 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:00,700 Gigabyte. 977 00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:00,980 Doesn't. 978 00:32:01,040 --> 00:32:01,180 Sound. 979 00:32:01,220 --> 00:32:01,400 Small. 980 00:32:01,480 --> 00:32:01,600 But. 981 00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:01,820 Anyone. 982 00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:02,020 Who's. 983 00:32:02,100 --> 00:32:02,160 Done. 984 00:32:02,220 --> 00:32:02,380 Time. 985 00:32:02,440 --> 00:32:02,620 Machine. 986 00:32:06,120 --> 00:32:06,300 Can. 987 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:06,540 Tell. 988 00:32:06,540 --> 00:32:06,620 There. 989 00:32:06,660 --> 00:32:06,740 It's. 990 00:32:06,760 --> 00:32:06,800 The. 991 00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:07,020 Same. 992 00:32:07,100 --> 00:32:07,300 Steps. 993 00:32:07,340 --> 00:32:07,380 We. 994 00:32:07,420 --> 00:32:07,600 Talked. 995 00:32:07,620 --> 00:32:07,760 About. 996 00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:07,960 Where. 997 00:32:08,260 --> 00:32:08,460 We're. 998 00:32:08,880 --> 00:32:09,080 Poisoning. 999 00:32:09,080 --> 00:32:09,260 The. 1000 00:32:09,580 --> 00:32:09,780 Environment. 1001 00:32:09,940 --> 00:32:10,140 Variable. 1002 00:32:10,220 --> 00:32:10,400 Setting. 1003 00:32:10,500 --> 00:32:10,600 The. 1004 00:32:10,780 --> 00:32:10,980 Payload. 1005 00:32:11,220 --> 00:32:11,420 And. 1006 00:32:11,660 --> 00:32:11,860 We. 1007 00:32:11,900 --> 00:32:12,060 Just. 1008 00:32:12,100 --> 00:32:12,200 Run. 1009 00:32:12,300 --> 00:32:12,500 Apple. 1010 00:32:12,580 --> 00:32:12,780 Script. 1011 00:32:12,940 --> 00:32:13,120 An. 1012 00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:13,300 Apple. 1013 00:32:13,340 --> 00:32:13,520 Script. 1014 00:32:13,660 --> 00:32:13,860 Will. 1015 00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:14,160 Then. 1016 00:32:14,340 --> 00:32:14,540 Run. 1017 00:32:15,500 --> 00:32:15,660 Setup. 1018 00:32:15,700 --> 00:32:15,860 Assistant. 1019 00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:16,180 With. 1020 00:32:16,240 --> 00:32:16,300 The. 1021 00:32:16,460 --> 00:32:16,620 Appropriate. 1022 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:17,080 Parameters. 1023 00:32:19,480 --> 00:32:19,640 All. 1024 00:32:19,700 --> 00:32:19,760 Right. 1025 00:32:19,820 --> 00:32:19,860 So. 1026 00:32:19,960 --> 00:32:20,100 This. 1027 00:32:20,140 --> 00:32:20,200 Is. 1028 00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:20,440 The. 1029 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:20,560 A. 1030 00:32:20,660 --> 00:32:20,820 Demo. 1031 00:32:20,860 --> 00:32:20,920 We. 1032 00:32:20,980 --> 00:32:21,000 Want. 1033 00:32:21,040 --> 00:32:21,100 To. 1034 00:32:21,160 --> 00:32:21,200 Show. 1035 00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:21,320 You. 1036 00:32:21,340 --> 00:32:21,460 Guys. 1037 00:32:21,500 --> 00:32:21,600 So. 1038 00:32:21,620 --> 00:32:21,740 This. 1039 00:32:21,780 --> 00:32:21,840 Is. 1040 00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:22,060 All. 1041 00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:22,360 Real. 1042 00:32:22,580 --> 00:32:22,740 Time. 1043 00:32:24,220 --> 00:32:24,380 I. 1044 00:32:24,520 --> 00:32:24,600 Just. 1045 00:32:24,660 --> 00:32:24,800 Showed. 1046 00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:24,860 Like. 1047 00:32:24,940 --> 00:32:25,000 The. 1048 00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:25,140 First. 1049 00:32:25,260 --> 00:32:25,400 Five. 1050 00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:25,720 Lines. 1051 00:32:25,780 --> 00:32:25,880 Of. 1052 00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:25,960 The. 1053 00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:26,160 Apple. 1054 00:32:26,400 --> 00:32:26,560 Text. 1055 00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:26,880 Exclude. 1056 00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:27,120 File. 1057 00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:27,760 And. 1058 00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:28,160 We're. 1059 00:32:28,240 --> 00:32:28,280 Going. 1060 00:32:28,320 --> 00:32:28,380 To. 1061 00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:28,440 Run. 1062 00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:28,660 It. 1063 00:32:28,680 --> 00:32:28,820 And. 1064 00:32:28,880 --> 00:32:28,940 Then. 1065 00:32:28,980 --> 00:32:29,040 At. 1066 00:32:29,060 --> 00:32:29,120 The. 1067 00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:29,180 End. 1068 00:32:29,220 --> 00:32:29,340 You'll. 1069 00:32:29,380 --> 00:32:29,460 See. 1070 00:32:29,540 --> 00:32:29,680 That. 1071 00:32:29,740 --> 00:32:29,900 The. 1072 00:32:30,020 --> 00:32:30,180 Apple. 1073 00:32:30,260 --> 00:32:30,400 Text. 1074 00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:30,800 Exclude. 1075 00:32:30,800 --> 00:32:31,000 P. 1076 00:32:31,080 --> 00:32:31,200 List. 1077 00:32:31,260 --> 00:32:31,380 File. 1078 00:32:31,460 --> 00:32:31,600 Which. 1079 00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:31,780 Is. 1080 00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:32,560 Protected. 1081 00:32:33,620 --> 00:32:33,780 Will. 1082 00:32:33,900 --> 00:32:33,960 Be. 1083 00:32:34,180 --> 00:32:34,340 Overwritten. 1084 00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:34,500 With. 1085 00:32:34,540 --> 00:32:34,600 The. 1086 00:32:34,620 --> 00:32:34,680 Word. 1087 00:32:34,860 --> 00:32:35,020 Migraine. 1088 00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:38,240 All. 1089 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:38,380 Right. 1090 00:32:38,420 --> 00:32:38,520 So. 1091 00:32:38,540 --> 00:32:38,620 I'm. 1092 00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:38,700 Just. 1093 00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:38,900 Showing. 1094 00:32:38,940 --> 00:32:39,020 This. 1095 00:32:39,060 --> 00:32:39,140 Is. 1096 00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:39,520 Restricted. 1097 00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:39,680 Which. 1098 00:32:39,700 --> 00:32:39,840 Means. 1099 00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:39,940 Is. 1100 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:40,480 Protected. 1101 00:32:41,300 --> 00:32:41,460 And. 1102 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:41,640 We're. 1103 00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:41,840 Calling. 1104 00:32:41,840 --> 00:32:42,120 Osa. 1105 00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:42,320 Script. 1106 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:42,560 Which. 1107 00:32:42,640 --> 00:32:42,700 Is. 1108 00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:42,860 Apple. 1109 00:32:43,180 --> 00:32:43,340 Scripts. 1110 00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:43,720 And. 1111 00:32:43,780 --> 00:32:43,900 From. 1112 00:32:43,980 --> 00:32:44,040 Here. 1113 00:32:44,100 --> 00:32:44,200 It's. 1114 00:32:44,220 --> 00:32:44,340 Calling. 1115 00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:44,720 Setup. 1116 00:32:44,800 --> 00:32:44,960 Assistant. 1117 00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:46,560 This. 1118 00:32:46,680 --> 00:32:46,740 Is. 1119 00:32:46,760 --> 00:32:46,820 The. 1120 00:32:47,100 --> 00:32:47,260 Machine. 1121 00:32:47,480 --> 00:32:47,640 Backup. 1122 00:32:47,700 --> 00:32:47,760 We. 1123 00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:47,960 Talked. 1124 00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:48,080 About. 1125 00:32:48,100 --> 00:32:48,180 The. 1126 00:32:48,220 --> 00:32:48,240 One. 1127 00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:48,560 Gigabyte. 1128 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:48,740 Time. 1129 00:32:48,800 --> 00:32:48,940 Machine. 1130 00:32:49,100 --> 00:32:49,260 Backup. 1131 00:32:50,140 --> 00:32:50,300 And. 1132 00:32:50,300 --> 00:32:50,700 Yeah. 1133 00:32:51,060 --> 00:32:51,300 It's. 1134 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:51,560 It's. 1135 00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:51,760 Going. 1136 00:32:51,920 --> 00:32:52,100 To. 1137 00:32:52,860 --> 00:32:53,100 Find. 1138 00:32:53,220 --> 00:32:53,300 The. 1139 00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:53,500 Right. 1140 00:32:53,820 --> 00:32:54,060 Window. 1141 00:32:54,220 --> 00:32:54,340 And. 1142 00:32:54,380 --> 00:32:54,500 Click. 1143 00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:54,680 Through. 1144 00:32:54,740 --> 00:32:54,980 Everything. 1145 00:32:55,680 --> 00:32:55,920 Automatically. 1146 00:32:57,700 --> 00:32:57,940 Kind. 1147 00:32:58,060 --> 00:32:58,120 Hard. 1148 00:32:58,160 --> 00:32:58,220 To. 1149 00:32:58,240 --> 00:32:58,380 Tell. 1150 00:32:58,380 --> 00:32:58,520 But. 1151 00:32:58,580 --> 00:32:58,800 It. 1152 00:32:58,980 --> 00:32:59,120 Basically. 1153 00:32:59,420 --> 00:32:59,660 Deselected. 1154 00:32:59,660 --> 00:32:59,840 Everything. 1155 00:32:59,880 --> 00:33:00,020 Except. 1156 00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:00,160 For. 1157 00:33:00,180 --> 00:33:00,240 The. 1158 00:33:00,280 --> 00:33:00,440 Dummy. 1159 00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:00,660 User. 1160 00:33:00,660 --> 00:33:00,800 I. 1161 00:33:01,020 --> 00:33:01,220 Created. 1162 00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:01,720 And. 1163 00:33:01,800 --> 00:33:01,900 From. 1164 00:33:01,980 --> 00:33:02,080 Here. 1165 00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:02,220 My. 1166 00:33:02,460 --> 00:33:02,660 Exploits. 1167 00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:02,820 Gonna. 1168 00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:03,020 Run. 1169 00:33:03,020 --> 00:33:03,180 And. 1170 00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:03,380 Then. 1171 00:33:03,400 --> 00:33:03,560 We. 1172 00:33:03,620 --> 00:33:03,820 Kill. 1173 00:33:03,900 --> 00:33:04,100 The. 1174 00:33:04,900 --> 00:33:05,100 Migration. 1175 00:33:05,180 --> 00:33:05,380 Daemon. 1176 00:33:05,600 --> 00:33:05,800 Before. 1177 00:33:05,860 --> 00:33:06,000 It. 1178 00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:06,100 Can. 1179 00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:06,520 Reboot. 1180 00:33:06,860 --> 00:33:07,060 And. 1181 00:33:07,120 --> 00:33:07,200 As. 1182 00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:07,300 You. 1183 00:33:07,420 --> 00:33:07,580 See. 1184 00:33:08,480 --> 00:33:08,680 Migraine. 1185 00:33:09,360 --> 00:33:09,560 Is. 1186 00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:09,800 Now. 1187 00:33:10,520 --> 00:33:10,720 Overwritten. 1188 00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:10,960 The. 1189 00:33:11,100 --> 00:33:11,360 Capital. 1190 00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:11,700 Apple. 1191 00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:11,940 Text. 1192 00:33:12,020 --> 00:33:12,320 Exclude. 1193 00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:12,700 And. 1194 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:12,880 It. 1195 00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:13,140 Is. 1196 00:33:13,820 --> 00:33:14,140 Protected. 1197 00:33:23,180 --> 00:33:23,500 All. 1198 00:33:25,540 --> 00:33:25,860 Right. 1199 00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:26,040 So. 1200 00:33:26,140 --> 00:33:26,460 You. 1201 00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:26,800 Might. 1202 00:33:26,820 --> 00:33:27,060 Be. 1203 00:33:27,180 --> 00:33:27,500 Asking. 1204 00:33:27,660 --> 00:33:27,880 Well. 1205 00:33:27,920 --> 00:33:28,020 Who. 1206 00:33:28,060 --> 00:33:28,240 Cares. 1207 00:33:29,220 --> 00:33:29,540 Well. 1208 00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:30,420 Sip. 1209 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:30,880 Is. 1210 00:33:31,140 --> 00:33:31,460 Like. 1211 00:33:31,540 --> 00:33:31,840 Most. 1212 00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:32,320 Security. 1213 00:33:32,460 --> 00:33:32,780 Mitigations. 1214 00:33:32,780 --> 00:33:32,960 It's. 1215 00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:33,120 A. 1216 00:33:33,140 --> 00:33:33,420 Double. 1217 00:33:33,580 --> 00:33:33,700 Edge. 1218 00:33:41,340 --> 00:33:41,500 It's. 1219 00:33:41,560 --> 00:33:41,640 Also. 1220 00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:41,920 Great. 1221 00:33:41,940 --> 00:33:42,060 For. 1222 00:33:42,580 --> 00:33:42,740 Preventing. 1223 00:33:44,280 --> 00:33:44,440 Current. 1224 00:33:44,540 --> 00:33:44,700 Access. 1225 00:33:44,860 --> 00:33:44,940 Or. 1226 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:45,080 Root. 1227 00:33:45,180 --> 00:33:45,340 Kits. 1228 00:33:45,780 --> 00:33:45,940 But. 1229 00:33:46,020 --> 00:33:46,180 The. 1230 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:46,360 Problem. 1231 00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:46,480 Is. 1232 00:33:46,500 --> 00:33:46,580 Once. 1233 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:46,720 An. 1234 00:33:47,020 --> 00:33:47,180 Attacker. 1235 00:33:47,380 --> 00:33:47,540 Gets. 1236 00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:47,840 Past. 1237 00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:48,040 That. 1238 00:33:48,140 --> 00:33:48,300 Layer. 1239 00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:49,040 They. 1240 00:33:49,120 --> 00:33:49,200 Can. 1241 00:33:49,260 --> 00:33:49,320 Do. 1242 00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:49,600 Things. 1243 00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:49,780 That. 1244 00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:50,000 Are. 1245 00:34:04,820 --> 00:34:04,980 Extremely. 1246 00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:05,440 Difficult. 1247 00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:05,560 In. 1248 00:34:06,020 --> 00:34:06,180 Execution. 1249 00:34:06,320 --> 00:34:06,480 Like. 1250 00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:06,540 I. 1251 00:34:06,620 --> 00:34:06,680 Talked. 1252 00:34:06,780 --> 00:34:06,860 About. 1253 00:34:06,920 --> 00:34:07,080 Which. 1254 00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:07,360 Which. 1255 00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:07,460 Is. 1256 00:34:07,540 --> 00:34:07,700 Essentially. 1257 00:34:07,780 --> 00:34:07,860 Is. 1258 00:34:07,900 --> 00:34:07,920 Going. 1259 00:34:07,980 --> 00:34:08,020 To. 1260 00:34:08,020 --> 00:34:08,040 Be. 1261 00:34:08,240 --> 00:34:08,260 Root. 1262 00:34:08,300 --> 00:34:08,400 Kit. 1263 00:34:08,480 --> 00:34:08,540 In. 1264 00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:08,620 This. 1265 00:34:08,720 --> 00:34:08,880 Scenario. 1266 00:34:10,060 --> 00:34:10,220 And. 1267 00:34:10,340 --> 00:34:10,380 It. 1268 00:34:10,420 --> 00:34:10,440 Can. 1269 00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:10,600 Even. 1270 00:34:10,860 --> 00:34:11,020 Bypass. 1271 00:34:11,240 --> 00:34:11,400 Other. 1272 00:34:11,820 --> 00:34:11,980 Security. 1273 00:34:12,780 --> 00:34:12,940 Layers. 1274 00:34:13,620 --> 00:34:13,780 In. 1275 00:34:13,780 --> 00:34:13,880 Mac. 1276 00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:14,220 OS. 1277 00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:14,560 An. 1278 00:34:14,680 --> 00:34:14,920 Example. 1279 00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:15,200 Being. 1280 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:15,640 Like. 1281 00:34:15,820 --> 00:34:16,060 TCC. 1282 00:34:16,240 --> 00:34:16,480 So. 1283 00:34:16,560 --> 00:34:16,660 That. 1284 00:34:16,740 --> 00:34:16,980 Means. 1285 00:34:17,240 --> 00:34:17,480 An. 1286 00:34:17,700 --> 00:34:17,940 Attacker. 1287 00:34:17,940 --> 00:34:18,080 Could. 1288 00:34:18,240 --> 00:34:18,480 Listen. 1289 00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:18,660 On. 1290 00:34:18,700 --> 00:34:18,760 Your. 1291 00:34:19,080 --> 00:34:19,320 Microphone. 1292 00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:20,040 Or. 1293 00:34:20,080 --> 00:34:20,320 Watch. 1294 00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:20,400 Your. 1295 00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:20,680 Camera. 1296 00:34:20,860 --> 00:34:21,100 And. 1297 00:34:21,160 --> 00:34:21,280 You. 1298 00:34:21,340 --> 00:34:21,480 Aren't. 1299 00:34:21,540 --> 00:34:21,780 Notified. 1300 00:34:21,900 --> 00:34:22,000 You. 1301 00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:22,100 Have. 1302 00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:22,220 No. 1303 00:34:22,240 --> 00:34:22,400 Idea. 1304 00:34:24,560 --> 00:34:24,740 All. 1305 00:34:24,940 --> 00:34:25,020 Right. 1306 00:34:25,040 --> 00:34:25,120 So. 1307 00:34:25,220 --> 00:34:25,260 I'm. 1308 00:34:25,300 --> 00:34:25,340 Gonna. 1309 00:34:25,540 --> 00:34:25,600 This. 1310 00:34:25,620 --> 00:34:25,740 Back. 1311 00:34:25,820 --> 00:34:25,940 Over. 1312 00:34:25,980 --> 00:34:26,060 To. 1313 00:34:26,200 --> 00:34:26,260 B. 1314 00:34:26,340 --> 00:34:26,400 O. 1315 00:34:26,420 --> 00:34:26,500 To. 1316 00:34:26,580 --> 00:34:26,700 Talk. 1317 00:34:26,720 --> 00:34:26,860 About. 1318 00:34:26,940 --> 00:34:27,120 Their. 1319 00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:27,620 Fix. 1320 00:34:27,840 --> 00:34:28,020 And. 1321 00:34:28,080 --> 00:34:28,200 Our. 1322 00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:28,500 Attempts. 1323 00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:28,600 To. 1324 00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:28,820 Forward. 1325 00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:29,000 It. 1326 00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:32,220 All. 1327 00:34:32,340 --> 00:34:32,480 Right. 1328 00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:32,780 Thanks. 1329 00:34:32,860 --> 00:34:33,040 Mike. 1330 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:34,620 So. 1331 00:34:34,620 --> 00:34:34,860 We. 1332 00:34:36,060 --> 00:34:36,380 Disclosed. 1333 00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:37,400 That. 1334 00:34:37,500 --> 00:34:37,780 Bug. 1335 00:34:37,840 --> 00:34:38,040 To. 1336 00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:38,420 Apple. 1337 00:34:38,640 --> 00:34:38,960 Back. 1338 00:34:38,960 --> 00:34:39,160 In. 1339 00:34:39,180 --> 00:34:39,340 May. 1340 00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:39,920 2023. 1341 00:34:40,540 --> 00:34:40,860 And. 1342 00:34:41,580 --> 00:34:41,900 You. 1343 00:34:41,940 --> 00:34:42,020 Know. 1344 00:34:42,040 --> 00:34:42,200 There. 1345 00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:42,460 Was. 1346 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:42,680 A. 1347 00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:43,040 Bit. 1348 00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:43,160 Of. 1349 00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:43,440 Like. 1350 00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:43,740 Back. 1351 00:34:43,740 --> 00:34:43,840 And. 1352 00:34:43,980 --> 00:34:44,300 Forth. 1353 00:34:44,300 --> 00:34:44,500 Because. 1354 00:34:44,620 --> 00:34:44,740 It's. 1355 00:34:44,820 --> 00:34:44,920 Not. 1356 00:34:44,980 --> 00:34:45,160 A. 1357 00:34:45,220 --> 00:34:45,500 Very. 1358 00:34:45,660 --> 00:34:45,980 Trivial. 1359 00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:47,440 Exploit. 1360 00:34:47,700 --> 00:34:47,900 But. 1361 00:34:48,420 --> 00:34:48,620 Eventually. 1362 00:34:48,840 --> 00:34:49,040 They. 1363 00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:49,520 They. 1364 00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:49,760 Kind. 1365 00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:49,860 Of. 1366 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:50,000 Were. 1367 00:34:50,100 --> 00:34:50,220 Able. 1368 00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:50,400 To. 1369 00:34:50,660 --> 00:34:50,860 Reproduce. 1370 00:34:50,940 --> 00:34:51,140 It. 1371 00:34:51,260 --> 00:34:51,460 And. 1372 00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:51,800 They. 1373 00:34:53,340 --> 00:34:53,540 Fixed. 1374 00:34:53,540 --> 00:34:53,640 It. 1375 00:34:53,700 --> 00:34:53,780 In. 1376 00:34:53,820 --> 00:34:53,920 Their. 1377 00:34:53,960 --> 00:34:54,160 Beta. 1378 00:34:54,240 --> 00:34:54,360 And. 1379 00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:54,600 We. 1380 00:34:54,680 --> 00:34:54,780 Were. 1381 00:34:54,860 --> 00:34:55,060 Asked. 1382 00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:55,220 To. 1383 00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:55,640 Assess. 1384 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:55,860 Their. 1385 00:34:56,120 --> 00:34:56,320 Fixed. 1386 00:34:56,620 --> 00:34:56,820 Their. 1387 00:34:56,880 --> 00:34:57,080 Beta. 1388 00:34:57,240 --> 00:34:57,440 Version. 1389 00:34:57,920 --> 00:34:58,120 So. 1390 00:34:58,240 --> 00:34:58,320 We. 1391 00:34:58,500 --> 00:34:58,640 Like. 1392 00:34:58,740 --> 00:34:58,840 Okay. 1393 00:34:59,100 --> 00:34:59,300 Let's. 1394 00:34:59,500 --> 00:34:59,700 Like. 1395 00:34:59,780 --> 00:34:59,980 Run. 1396 00:35:00,120 --> 00:35:00,240 The. 1397 00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:00,440 Beta. 1398 00:35:00,600 --> 00:35:00,800 Version. 1399 00:35:00,860 --> 00:35:01,000 And. 1400 00:35:01,040 --> 00:35:01,120 See. 1401 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:01,340 What's. 1402 00:35:01,420 --> 00:35:01,500 Up. 1403 00:35:02,140 --> 00:35:02,340 And. 1404 00:35:02,500 --> 00:35:02,660 The. 1405 00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:02,840 First. 1406 00:35:02,940 --> 00:35:03,120 Thing. 1407 00:35:03,160 --> 00:35:03,280 That. 1408 00:35:03,340 --> 00:35:03,420 We. 1409 00:35:03,620 --> 00:35:03,820 Noticed. 1410 00:35:03,880 --> 00:35:04,060 Was. 1411 00:35:04,180 --> 00:35:04,380 Something. 1412 00:35:04,460 --> 00:35:04,620 That. 1413 00:35:04,660 --> 00:35:04,800 I. 1414 00:35:04,860 --> 00:35:04,960 Like. 1415 00:35:05,060 --> 00:35:05,140 To. 1416 00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:26,480 Call. 1417 00:35:26,480 --> 00:35:26,580 And. 1418 00:35:27,060 --> 00:35:27,340 Which. 1419 00:35:27,540 --> 00:35:27,800 Is. 1420 00:35:27,860 --> 00:35:28,020 The. 1421 00:35:28,100 --> 00:35:28,380 Proper. 1422 00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:28,680 Way. 1423 00:35:28,740 --> 00:35:28,880 Of. 1424 00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:29,080 Setting. 1425 00:35:29,180 --> 00:35:29,340 An. 1426 00:35:29,360 --> 00:35:29,600 Environment. 1427 00:35:29,680 --> 00:35:29,920 Variable. 1428 00:35:30,040 --> 00:35:30,300 In. 1429 00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:30,520 Lunch. 1430 00:35:30,580 --> 00:35:30,700 D. 1431 00:35:31,380 --> 00:35:31,660 And. 1432 00:35:32,580 --> 00:35:32,860 Basically. 1433 00:35:33,400 --> 00:35:33,680 Telling. 1434 00:35:33,740 --> 00:35:33,880 Me. 1435 00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:34,160 Like. 1436 00:35:34,180 --> 00:35:34,380 We. 1437 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:34,760 Couldn't. 1438 00:35:34,760 --> 00:35:34,960 Set. 1439 00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:35,140 The. 1440 00:35:35,160 --> 00:35:35,360 Environment. 1441 00:35:35,420 --> 00:35:35,680 Variable. 1442 00:35:36,460 --> 00:35:36,740 Yeah. 1443 00:35:36,940 --> 00:35:37,220 Because. 1444 00:35:38,300 --> 00:35:38,580 And. 1445 00:35:38,640 --> 00:35:38,900 It's. 1446 00:35:38,900 --> 00:35:38,980 Not. 1447 00:35:39,180 --> 00:35:39,420 Permitted. 1448 00:35:39,460 --> 00:35:39,700 Because. 1449 00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:40,040 Of. 1450 00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:40,360 Sip. 1451 00:35:40,380 --> 00:35:40,560 So. 1452 00:35:40,660 --> 00:35:40,860 Now. 1453 00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:41,520 You. 1454 00:35:41,560 --> 00:35:41,640 Know. 1455 00:35:41,660 --> 00:35:41,900 With. 1456 00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:42,040 All. 1457 00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:42,220 The. 1458 00:35:42,340 --> 00:35:42,480 Things. 1459 00:35:42,520 --> 00:35:42,700 That. 1460 00:35:42,700 --> 00:35:42,940 Sip. 1461 00:35:43,540 --> 00:35:43,780 Enforces. 1462 00:35:43,880 --> 00:35:44,040 It. 1463 00:35:44,080 --> 00:35:44,300 Also. 1464 00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:44,560 Now. 1465 00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:45,000 Enforces. 1466 00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:45,320 The. 1467 00:35:45,420 --> 00:35:45,660 Fact. 1468 00:35:45,740 --> 00:35:45,880 That. 1469 00:35:45,900 --> 00:35:46,000 We. 1470 00:35:46,080 --> 00:35:46,280 Can't. 1471 00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:46,600 Really. 1472 00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:47,600 Touch. 1473 00:35:48,340 --> 00:35:48,580 Environment. 1474 00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:49,040 Variables. 1475 00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:49,280 Which. 1476 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:49,620 Kind. 1477 00:35:49,720 --> 00:35:49,780 Of. 1478 00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:50,000 Like. 1479 00:35:50,060 --> 00:35:50,240 Socks. 1480 00:35:50,340 --> 00:35:50,460 And. 1481 00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:50,720 Rocks. 1482 00:35:50,740 --> 00:35:50,820 At. 1483 00:35:50,960 --> 00:35:51,040 Same. 1484 00:35:51,120 --> 00:35:51,360 Time. 1485 00:35:51,980 --> 00:35:52,260 Note. 1486 00:35:52,740 --> 00:35:53,020 That. 1487 00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:53,880 This. 1488 00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:54,160 Kind. 1489 00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:54,280 Of. 1490 00:35:54,380 --> 00:35:54,660 Enforcement. 1491 00:35:55,180 --> 00:35:55,460 Happens. 1492 00:35:55,460 --> 00:35:55,740 At. 1493 00:35:55,820 --> 00:35:56,040 Lunch. 1494 00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:56,200 D. 1495 00:35:56,280 --> 00:35:56,460 It. 1496 00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:56,620 Doesn't. 1497 00:35:56,740 --> 00:35:56,980 Happen. 1498 00:35:56,980 --> 00:35:57,200 It's. 1499 00:35:57,280 --> 00:35:57,540 At. 1500 00:35:58,040 --> 00:35:58,320 Lunch. 1501 00:35:58,560 --> 00:35:58,840 Ctl. 1502 00:35:58,860 --> 00:35:59,000 For. 1503 00:35:59,160 --> 00:35:59,320 Obvious. 1504 00:35:59,520 --> 00:35:59,680 Reasons. 1505 00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:00,160 Otherwise. 1506 00:36:00,520 --> 00:36:00,680 Anyone. 1507 00:36:00,820 --> 00:36:00,960 Would. 1508 00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:01,080 Be. 1509 00:36:01,140 --> 00:36:01,220 Able. 1510 00:36:01,280 --> 00:36:01,360 To. 1511 00:36:01,540 --> 00:36:01,700 Bypass. 1512 00:36:01,860 --> 00:36:02,020 It. 1513 00:36:03,020 --> 00:36:03,180 So. 1514 00:36:03,340 --> 00:36:03,500 That's. 1515 00:36:03,800 --> 00:36:03,960 Fixed. 1516 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:04,160 Number. 1517 00:36:04,240 --> 00:36:04,400 One. 1518 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:04,580 And. 1519 00:36:04,620 --> 00:36:04,760 Then. 1520 00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:04,880 We. 1521 00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:04,980 Were. 1522 00:36:05,020 --> 00:36:05,180 Like. 1523 00:36:05,660 --> 00:36:05,820 Okay. 1524 00:36:05,880 --> 00:36:06,040 We. 1525 00:36:06,100 --> 00:36:06,220 Don't. 1526 00:36:06,420 --> 00:36:06,580 Really. 1527 00:36:06,720 --> 00:36:06,880 Need. 1528 00:36:06,900 --> 00:36:07,040 To. 1529 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:07,360 Affect. 1530 00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:07,760 All. 1531 00:36:07,840 --> 00:36:07,940 Of. 1532 00:36:07,940 --> 00:36:08,020 The. 1533 00:36:08,100 --> 00:36:08,300 Environment. 1534 00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:08,640 Variables. 1535 00:36:08,700 --> 00:36:08,860 In. 1536 00:36:08,900 --> 00:36:08,960 The. 1537 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:09,200 System. 1538 00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:09,380 We. 1539 00:36:09,500 --> 00:36:09,700 Just. 1540 00:36:09,700 --> 00:36:09,860 Need. 1541 00:36:09,940 --> 00:36:10,080 To. 1542 00:36:10,340 --> 00:36:10,540 Affect. 1543 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:11,200 A. 1544 00:36:11,520 --> 00:36:11,720 System. 1545 00:36:12,100 --> 00:36:12,300 Migration. 1546 00:36:12,340 --> 00:36:12,520 D. 1547 00:36:12,540 --> 00:36:12,720 Which. 1548 00:36:12,820 --> 00:36:12,920 Is. 1549 00:36:12,980 --> 00:36:13,100 Like. 1550 00:36:13,180 --> 00:36:13,340 One. 1551 00:36:13,580 --> 00:36:13,780 Process. 1552 00:36:14,020 --> 00:36:14,220 In. 1553 00:36:14,260 --> 00:36:14,400 The. 1554 00:36:14,480 --> 00:36:14,680 In. 1555 00:36:14,720 --> 00:36:14,800 The. 1556 00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:15,040 System. 1557 00:36:15,520 --> 00:36:15,720 Yes. 1558 00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:16,080 It. 1559 00:36:16,180 --> 00:36:16,240 Is. 1560 00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:16,380 A. 1561 00:36:16,380 --> 00:36:16,720 Demons. 1562 00:36:16,720 --> 00:36:16,940 So. 1563 00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:17,100 It's. 1564 00:36:17,180 --> 00:36:17,340 A. 1565 00:36:17,380 --> 00:36:17,660 It's. 1566 00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:17,740 A. 1567 00:36:17,980 --> 00:36:18,240 Process. 1568 00:36:18,380 --> 00:36:18,600 Of. 1569 00:36:18,720 --> 00:36:19,000 Launch. 1570 00:36:19,120 --> 00:36:19,220 D. 1571 00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:19,960 That's. 1572 00:36:19,960 --> 00:36:20,120 Why. 1573 00:36:20,240 --> 00:36:20,520 Setting. 1574 00:36:20,700 --> 00:36:20,900 The. 1575 00:36:20,940 --> 00:36:21,120 Environment. 1576 00:36:21,260 --> 00:36:21,480 Variables. 1577 00:36:21,540 --> 00:36:21,740 To. 1578 00:36:21,780 --> 00:36:21,980 Launch. 1579 00:36:22,060 --> 00:36:22,220 D. 1580 00:36:22,580 --> 00:36:22,860 Works. 1581 00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:23,280 To. 1582 00:36:23,300 --> 00:36:23,440 Begin. 1583 00:36:23,540 --> 00:36:23,740 With. 1584 00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:24,400 But. 1585 00:36:24,460 --> 00:36:24,600 Then. 1586 00:36:24,600 --> 00:36:24,720 Can. 1587 00:36:24,840 --> 00:36:24,900 We. 1588 00:36:24,920 --> 00:36:24,960 Do. 1589 00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:25,160 Something. 1590 00:36:25,300 --> 00:36:25,580 Else. 1591 00:36:26,260 --> 00:36:26,540 And. 1592 00:36:26,820 --> 00:36:27,100 Launch. 1593 00:36:27,320 --> 00:36:27,600 Demons. 1594 00:36:27,680 --> 00:36:27,960 In. 1595 00:36:28,020 --> 00:36:28,300 Mac. 1596 00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:28,500 O. 1597 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:28,660 S. 1598 00:36:28,700 --> 00:36:28,820 Are. 1599 00:36:28,980 --> 00:36:29,260 Described. 1600 00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:29,460 As. 1601 00:36:29,520 --> 00:36:29,600 You. 1602 00:36:29,620 --> 00:36:29,720 Could. 1603 00:36:29,780 --> 00:36:29,940 See. 1604 00:36:30,080 --> 00:36:30,360 Earlier. 1605 00:36:30,620 --> 00:36:30,900 By. 1606 00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:31,060 A. 1607 00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:31,280 P. 1608 00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:31,420 List. 1609 00:36:31,540 --> 00:36:31,780 File. 1610 00:36:32,340 --> 00:36:32,620 That's. 1611 00:36:32,700 --> 00:36:32,840 The. 1612 00:36:32,920 --> 00:36:33,200 Thing. 1613 00:36:33,340 --> 00:36:33,480 That. 1614 00:36:33,520 --> 00:36:33,740 Mike. 1615 00:36:33,860 --> 00:36:34,140 Showed. 1616 00:36:34,140 --> 00:36:34,360 With. 1617 00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:34,580 All. 1618 00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:34,780 The. 1619 00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:56,160 Demons. 1620 00:36:57,140 --> 00:36:57,420 And. 1621 00:36:57,800 --> 00:36:58,080 You. 1622 00:36:58,300 --> 00:36:58,440 We. 1623 00:36:58,600 --> 00:36:58,640 Don't. 1624 00:36:58,720 --> 00:36:58,780 Have. 1625 00:36:58,880 --> 00:36:58,960 To. 1626 00:36:59,080 --> 00:36:59,120 Put. 1627 00:36:59,180 --> 00:36:59,280 It. 1628 00:36:59,300 --> 00:36:59,440 In. 1629 00:36:59,460 --> 00:36:59,660 A. 1630 00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:00,760 C. 1631 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:01,560 Protected. 1632 00:37:01,720 --> 00:37:02,000 Directory. 1633 00:37:02,740 --> 00:37:03,020 And. 1634 00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:03,400 Basically. 1635 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:03,720 Run. 1636 00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:03,960 The. 1637 00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:04,260 Thing. 1638 00:37:04,760 --> 00:37:05,040 And. 1639 00:37:05,240 --> 00:37:05,380 It. 1640 00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:05,780 Supports. 1641 00:37:05,780 --> 00:37:05,900 And. 1642 00:37:06,140 --> 00:37:06,420 Variables. 1643 00:37:06,580 --> 00:37:06,860 So. 1644 00:37:06,920 --> 00:37:07,060 That's. 1645 00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:07,240 Good. 1646 00:37:07,780 --> 00:37:08,060 And. 1647 00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:08,720 I. 1648 00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:09,380 To. 1649 00:37:09,600 --> 00:37:09,720 Too. 1650 00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:09,920 Much. 1651 00:37:09,980 --> 00:37:10,100 About. 1652 00:37:10,180 --> 00:37:10,380 It. 1653 00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:10,560 But. 1654 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:11,000 Basically. 1655 00:37:11,120 --> 00:37:11,320 There. 1656 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:11,480 Is. 1657 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:11,580 A. 1658 00:37:11,620 --> 00:37:11,860 Technology. 1659 00:37:12,020 --> 00:37:12,240 Called. 1660 00:37:12,380 --> 00:37:12,620 Launch. 1661 00:37:12,980 --> 00:37:13,220 Constraints. 1662 00:37:13,320 --> 00:37:13,560 Which. 1663 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:13,920 Makes. 1664 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:14,200 Sure. 1665 00:37:14,260 --> 00:37:14,480 That. 1666 00:37:14,940 --> 00:37:15,180 Things. 1667 00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:15,800 Run. 1668 00:37:16,720 --> 00:37:16,960 Things. 1669 00:37:17,100 --> 00:37:17,280 That. 1670 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:17,680 Are. 1671 00:37:17,820 --> 00:37:18,060 Supposed. 1672 00:37:18,080 --> 00:37:18,180 To. 1673 00:37:18,180 --> 00:37:18,280 Run. 1674 00:37:18,400 --> 00:37:18,520 By. 1675 00:37:18,580 --> 00:37:18,800 Apple. 1676 00:37:18,940 --> 00:37:19,080 Or. 1677 00:37:19,140 --> 00:37:19,380 Only. 1678 00:37:19,380 --> 00:37:19,600 Run. 1679 00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:19,840 By. 1680 00:37:19,900 --> 00:37:20,140 Apple. 1681 00:37:20,500 --> 00:37:20,740 In. 1682 00:37:20,820 --> 00:37:20,920 This. 1683 00:37:20,980 --> 00:37:21,180 Case. 1684 00:37:21,220 --> 00:37:21,400 Why. 1685 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:21,560 It. 1686 00:37:21,740 --> 00:37:21,980 Enforces. 1687 00:37:22,020 --> 00:37:22,240 Is. 1688 00:37:22,280 --> 00:37:22,420 That. 1689 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:22,600 The. 1690 00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:22,800 Mac. 1691 00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:23,240 Services. 1692 00:37:23,400 --> 00:37:23,600 That. 1693 00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:23,740 You. 1694 00:37:23,780 --> 00:37:23,920 Guys. 1695 00:37:24,020 --> 00:37:24,260 Saw. 1696 00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:24,920 Those. 1697 00:37:25,040 --> 00:37:25,200 Six. 1698 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:25,420 Mac. 1699 00:37:25,580 --> 00:37:25,820 Services. 1700 00:37:25,940 --> 00:37:26,180 Are. 1701 00:37:26,220 --> 00:37:26,440 Actually. 1702 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:26,900 Owned. 1703 00:37:27,400 --> 00:37:27,680 By. 1704 00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:29,800 By. 1705 00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:29,940 A. 1706 00:37:29,980 --> 00:37:30,160 File. 1707 00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:30,380 That. 1708 00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:30,740 Was. 1709 00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:31,400 Launched. 1710 00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:31,580 From. 1711 00:37:31,640 --> 00:37:31,800 The. 1712 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:32,200 SIP. 1713 00:37:32,440 --> 00:37:32,720 Bypass. 1714 00:37:33,060 --> 00:37:33,340 The. 1715 00:37:33,420 --> 00:37:33,660 SIP. 1716 00:37:34,420 --> 00:37:34,700 Protected. 1717 00:37:34,700 --> 00:37:34,960 Directory. 1718 00:37:35,480 --> 00:37:35,760 So. 1719 00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:36,060 Launch. 1720 00:37:36,660 --> 00:37:36,940 Constraints. 1721 00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:37,220 Make. 1722 00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:37,420 Sure. 1723 00:37:37,440 --> 00:37:37,560 That. 1724 00:37:37,580 --> 00:37:37,720 We. 1725 00:37:37,740 --> 00:37:37,980 Can't. 1726 00:37:38,060 --> 00:37:38,340 Hijack. 1727 00:37:38,380 --> 00:37:38,560 Any. 1728 00:37:39,020 --> 00:37:39,300 System. 1729 00:37:39,460 --> 00:37:39,740 Launch. 1730 00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:40,200 Demons. 1731 00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:41,240 Definitions. 1732 00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:56,640 Original. 1733 00:37:56,720 --> 00:37:56,860 System. 1734 00:37:57,060 --> 00:37:57,260 Aggression. 1735 00:37:57,400 --> 00:37:57,540 D. 1736 00:37:57,580 --> 00:37:57,700 The. 1737 00:37:57,780 --> 00:37:57,920 Only. 1738 00:37:58,080 --> 00:37:58,280 Difference. 1739 00:37:58,400 --> 00:37:58,520 Is. 1740 00:37:58,540 --> 00:37:58,740 That. 1741 00:37:59,620 --> 00:37:59,820 I. 1742 00:37:59,960 --> 00:38:00,020 Had. 1743 00:38:00,100 --> 00:38:00,180 To. 1744 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:00,340 Name. 1745 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:00,580 It. 1746 00:38:00,600 --> 00:38:00,700 A. 1747 00:38:00,720 --> 00:38:00,800 Bit. 1748 00:38:00,940 --> 00:38:01,140 Different. 1749 00:38:01,300 --> 00:38:01,500 So. 1750 00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:01,800 Now. 1751 00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:02,020 It's. 1752 00:38:02,100 --> 00:38:02,300 Named. 1753 00:38:02,500 --> 00:38:02,700 Com. 1754 00:38:02,820 --> 00:38:03,000 Dot. 1755 00:38:03,020 --> 00:38:03,100 J. 1756 00:38:03,180 --> 00:38:03,280 B. 1757 00:38:03,380 --> 00:38:03,540 O. 1758 00:38:03,580 --> 00:38:03,760 Dot. 1759 00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:04,080 Apple. 1760 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:04,340 And. 1761 00:38:04,340 --> 00:38:04,620 Doesn't. 1762 00:38:04,680 --> 00:38:04,920 Really. 1763 00:38:05,380 --> 00:38:05,640 Shouldn't. 1764 00:38:05,640 --> 00:38:05,840 Really. 1765 00:38:05,880 --> 00:38:06,080 Affect. 1766 00:38:06,220 --> 00:38:06,480 Anything. 1767 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:07,140 And. 1768 00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:07,300 The. 1769 00:38:07,320 --> 00:38:07,440 Other. 1770 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:07,860 Part. 1771 00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:08,120 Is. 1772 00:38:08,160 --> 00:38:08,420 Is. 1773 00:38:08,460 --> 00:38:08,680 This. 1774 00:38:08,700 --> 00:38:08,900 Part. 1775 00:38:08,940 --> 00:38:09,200 Where. 1776 00:38:09,240 --> 00:38:09,320 I. 1777 00:38:09,420 --> 00:38:09,680 Basically. 1778 00:38:10,340 --> 00:38:10,600 Try. 1779 00:38:10,780 --> 00:38:10,860 To. 1780 00:38:10,900 --> 00:38:11,040 Set. 1781 00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:11,220 The. 1782 00:38:11,240 --> 00:38:11,420 Invite. 1783 00:38:11,680 --> 00:38:11,940 Variables. 1784 00:38:12,580 --> 00:38:12,840 Specifically. 1785 00:38:13,120 --> 00:38:13,300 Part. 1786 00:38:13,320 --> 00:38:13,420 Of. 1787 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:13,640 Five. 1788 00:38:13,660 --> 00:38:13,920 Opt. 1789 00:38:14,380 --> 00:38:14,640 Now. 1790 00:38:15,080 --> 00:38:15,400 Again. 1791 00:38:15,780 --> 00:38:15,920 This. 1792 00:38:16,020 --> 00:38:16,240 Works. 1793 00:38:16,300 --> 00:38:16,540 But. 1794 00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:17,160 Doesn't. 1795 00:38:17,180 --> 00:38:17,320 Work. 1796 00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:17,680 Really. 1797 00:38:17,740 --> 00:38:17,960 Because. 1798 00:38:18,060 --> 00:38:18,220 The. 1799 00:38:18,240 --> 00:38:18,460 Really. 1800 00:38:18,860 --> 00:38:19,180 The. 1801 00:38:19,340 --> 00:38:19,660 System. 1802 00:38:19,780 --> 00:38:20,020 Aggression. 1803 00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:20,340 D. 1804 00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:20,720 Basically. 1805 00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:21,160 Gets. 1806 00:38:21,220 --> 00:38:21,480 Killed. 1807 00:38:21,540 --> 00:38:21,820 By. 1808 00:38:21,960 --> 00:38:22,280 The. 1809 00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:22,600 O. 1810 00:38:22,680 --> 00:38:22,920 S. 1811 00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:23,120 Because. 1812 00:38:23,300 --> 00:38:23,400 Of. 1813 00:38:23,420 --> 00:38:23,540 That. 1814 00:38:23,580 --> 00:38:23,860 Thing. 1815 00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:24,540 So. 1816 00:38:25,420 --> 00:38:25,740 No. 1817 00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:26,200 No. 1818 00:38:26,300 --> 00:38:26,620 Dice. 1819 00:38:27,440 --> 00:38:27,680 And. 1820 00:38:27,840 --> 00:38:28,080 Then. 1821 00:38:28,580 --> 00:38:28,820 The. 1822 00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:29,340 Third. 1823 00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:29,760 Fix. 1824 00:38:30,060 --> 00:38:30,300 Which. 1825 00:38:30,700 --> 00:38:30,940 Or. 1826 00:38:30,980 --> 00:38:31,080 The. 1827 00:38:31,160 --> 00:38:31,320 Third. 1828 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:31,680 Attempt. 1829 00:38:31,720 --> 00:38:31,860 That. 1830 00:38:31,900 --> 00:38:32,020 We. 1831 00:38:32,080 --> 00:38:32,200 Had. 1832 00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:32,560 Really. 1833 00:38:33,060 --> 00:38:33,300 Is. 1834 00:38:33,400 --> 00:38:33,600 That. 1835 00:38:34,140 --> 00:38:34,380 We. 1836 00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:34,500 Were. 1837 00:38:34,580 --> 00:38:34,740 Like. 1838 00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:34,980 Okay. 1839 00:38:35,040 --> 00:38:35,240 Can. 1840 00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:35,420 We. 1841 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:35,480 Do. 1842 00:38:35,580 --> 00:38:35,820 Something. 1843 00:38:35,900 --> 00:38:36,120 That. 1844 00:38:36,480 --> 00:38:36,720 Doesn't. 1845 00:38:36,760 --> 00:38:36,880 Have. 1846 00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:37,160 Invite. 1847 00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:37,560 Variables. 1848 00:38:37,940 --> 00:38:38,180 Because. 1849 00:38:38,420 --> 00:38:38,660 We. 1850 00:38:38,860 --> 00:38:39,100 Noticed. 1851 00:38:39,280 --> 00:38:39,520 Again. 1852 00:38:39,620 --> 00:38:39,860 Those. 1853 00:38:39,920 --> 00:38:40,040 Are. 1854 00:38:40,180 --> 00:38:40,420 Perl. 1855 00:38:40,760 --> 00:38:41,000 Scripts. 1856 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:41,180 And. 1857 00:38:41,220 --> 00:38:41,440 Perl. 1858 00:38:41,740 --> 00:38:41,980 Scripts. 1859 00:38:42,240 --> 00:38:42,480 Sometimes. 1860 00:38:42,660 --> 00:38:42,860 Have. 1861 00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:43,480 Dependencies. 1862 00:38:43,960 --> 00:38:44,200 Can. 1863 00:38:44,260 --> 00:38:44,320 We. 1864 00:38:44,380 --> 00:38:44,580 Find. 1865 00:38:44,620 --> 00:38:44,720 A. 1866 00:38:44,780 --> 00:38:44,900 Strong. 1867 00:38:45,240 --> 00:38:45,480 Dependency. 1868 00:38:45,540 --> 00:38:45,680 In. 1869 00:38:45,700 --> 00:38:45,780 The. 1870 00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:45,940 Perl. 1871 00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:46,440 Scripts. 1872 00:38:46,840 --> 00:38:47,080 And. 1873 00:38:47,200 --> 00:38:47,380 As. 1874 00:38:47,440 --> 00:38:47,500 You. 1875 00:38:47,540 --> 00:38:47,600 Can. 1876 00:38:47,640 --> 00:38:47,820 See. 1877 00:38:47,820 --> 00:38:47,940 In. 1878 00:38:47,940 --> 00:38:48,060 The. 1879 00:38:48,500 --> 00:38:48,700 Part. 1880 00:38:49,300 --> 00:38:49,500 Whoops. 1881 00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:50,120 As. 1882 00:38:50,220 --> 00:38:50,260 You. 1883 00:38:50,300 --> 00:38:50,320 Can. 1884 00:38:50,400 --> 00:38:50,520 See. 1885 00:38:50,540 --> 00:38:50,620 In. 1886 00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:50,720 The. 1887 00:38:50,740 --> 00:38:50,840 Right. 1888 00:38:50,980 --> 00:38:51,180 Part. 1889 00:38:51,200 --> 00:38:51,380 You. 1890 00:38:51,460 --> 00:38:51,540 Have. 1891 00:38:51,620 --> 00:38:51,820 Used. 1892 00:38:51,980 --> 00:38:52,180 Strict. 1893 00:38:52,260 --> 00:38:52,340 And. 1894 00:38:52,400 --> 00:38:52,500 Then. 1895 00:38:52,540 --> 00:38:52,740 Use. 1896 00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:53,280 File. 1897 00:38:53,800 --> 00:38:54,000 Base. 1898 00:38:54,200 --> 00:38:54,360 Name. 1899 00:38:54,780 --> 00:38:54,980 Those. 1900 00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:55,220 Are. 1901 00:38:55,380 --> 00:38:55,580 Basically. 1902 00:38:56,040 --> 00:38:56,240 Imports. 1903 00:38:56,260 --> 00:38:56,460 Just. 1904 00:38:56,560 --> 00:38:56,760 Like. 1905 00:38:56,760 --> 00:38:57,160 Imports. 1906 00:38:57,160 --> 00:38:57,320 In. 1907 00:38:58,140 --> 00:38:58,400 I. 1908 00:38:58,500 --> 00:38:58,540 Don't. 1909 00:38:58,580 --> 00:38:58,640 Know. 1910 00:38:58,700 --> 00:38:58,740 In. 1911 00:38:58,780 --> 00:38:59,040 Python. 1912 00:38:59,160 --> 00:38:59,300 Or. 1913 00:38:59,320 --> 00:38:59,540 Whatever. 1914 00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:00,420 And. 1915 00:39:01,420 --> 00:39:01,680 The. 1916 00:39:01,860 --> 00:39:02,120 File. 1917 00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:02,480 Base. 1918 00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:02,680 Name. 1919 00:39:02,740 --> 00:39:02,940 File. 1920 00:39:02,980 --> 00:39:03,200 Is. 1921 00:39:03,740 --> 00:39:04,000 Really. 1922 00:39:04,540 --> 00:39:04,800 Translated. 1923 00:39:04,840 --> 00:39:05,020 To. 1924 00:39:05,020 --> 00:39:05,160 A. 1925 00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:05,420 Directory. 1926 00:39:05,500 --> 00:39:05,660 In. 1927 00:39:05,660 --> 00:39:05,700 The. 1928 00:39:05,780 --> 00:39:05,840 File. 1929 00:39:05,880 --> 00:39:06,120 System. 1930 00:39:06,180 --> 00:39:06,260 And. 1931 00:39:06,300 --> 00:39:06,440 Base. 1932 00:39:06,520 --> 00:39:06,660 Name. 1933 00:39:06,700 --> 00:39:06,840 Is. 1934 00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:06,940 Going. 1935 00:39:07,100 --> 00:39:07,200 To. 1936 00:39:07,240 --> 00:39:07,300 Be. 1937 00:39:07,500 --> 00:39:07,740 Looked. 1938 00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:08,560 After. 1939 00:39:08,700 --> 00:39:08,920 Base. 1940 00:39:09,020 --> 00:39:09,140 Name. 1941 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:09,360 Dot. 1942 00:39:09,380 --> 00:39:09,540 P. 1943 00:39:09,540 --> 00:39:09,680 M. 1944 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:10,120 Specifically. 1945 00:39:10,620 --> 00:39:10,860 Which. 1946 00:39:10,900 --> 00:39:11,000 Is. 1947 00:39:11,060 --> 00:39:11,160 The. 1948 00:39:11,180 --> 00:39:11,360 Pearl. 1949 00:39:11,540 --> 00:39:11,780 Module. 1950 00:39:12,420 --> 00:39:12,660 And. 1951 00:39:12,700 --> 00:39:12,920 Pearl. 1952 00:39:13,020 --> 00:39:13,220 Has. 1953 00:39:13,620 --> 00:39:13,860 Dependencies. 1954 00:39:14,080 --> 00:39:14,320 And. 1955 00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:14,460 The. 1956 00:39:14,660 --> 00:39:14,900 Lookup. 1957 00:39:15,120 --> 00:39:15,360 Order. 1958 00:39:16,040 --> 00:39:16,280 And. 1959 00:39:16,400 --> 00:39:16,540 The. 1960 00:39:16,660 --> 00:39:16,780 Lookup. 1961 00:39:16,820 --> 00:39:17,020 Order. 1962 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:17,280 You. 1963 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:17,340 Can. 1964 00:39:17,420 --> 00:39:17,660 Print. 1965 00:39:17,760 --> 00:39:17,880 It. 1966 00:39:17,940 --> 00:39:18,120 With. 1967 00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:18,940 The. 1968 00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:19,860 At. 1969 00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:20,140 I. 1970 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:20,300 N. 1971 00:39:20,320 --> 00:39:20,540 C. 1972 00:39:21,880 --> 00:39:22,140 Pearl. 1973 00:39:22,460 --> 00:39:22,720 Variable. 1974 00:39:22,800 --> 00:39:22,920 As. 1975 00:39:22,960 --> 00:39:23,040 You. 1976 00:39:23,100 --> 00:39:23,160 Can. 1977 00:39:23,180 --> 00:39:23,360 See. 1978 00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:23,640 Here. 1979 00:39:24,160 --> 00:39:24,420 And. 1980 00:39:24,660 --> 00:39:24,920 These. 1981 00:39:24,980 --> 00:39:25,120 Are. 1982 00:39:25,140 --> 00:39:25,400 This. 1983 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:25,580 Is. 1984 00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:25,740 The. 1985 00:39:25,740 --> 00:39:26,000 Search. 1986 00:39:26,120 --> 00:39:26,340 Order. 1987 00:39:26,660 --> 00:39:26,920 The. 1988 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:27,260 Interesting. 1989 00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:27,580 Part. 1990 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:27,860 Is. 1991 00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:28,020 That. 1992 00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:28,420 The. 1993 00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:47,500 Slash. 1994 00:39:47,500 --> 00:39:47,740 Library. 1995 00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:48,160 Pearl. 1996 00:39:48,300 --> 00:39:48,520 Five. 1997 00:39:48,660 --> 00:39:48,820 Point. 1998 00:39:48,860 --> 00:39:49,120 Thirty. 1999 00:39:49,220 --> 00:39:49,460 File. 2000 00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:49,780 Base. 2001 00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:49,920 Name. 2002 00:39:49,980 --> 00:39:50,120 Dot. 2003 00:39:50,140 --> 00:39:50,300 P. 2004 00:39:50,300 --> 00:39:50,420 M. 2005 00:39:50,440 --> 00:39:50,580 With. 2006 00:39:50,780 --> 00:39:51,060 Arbitrary. 2007 00:39:51,120 --> 00:39:51,400 Content. 2008 00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:52,240 And. 2009 00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:52,920 You. 2010 00:39:52,960 --> 00:39:53,000 Know. 2011 00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:53,320 Trigger. 2012 00:39:53,440 --> 00:39:53,700 Pearl. 2013 00:39:53,780 --> 00:39:54,020 Without. 2014 00:39:54,440 --> 00:39:54,720 Poisoning. 2015 00:39:54,720 --> 00:39:54,940 Any. 2016 00:39:55,340 --> 00:39:55,620 Variables. 2017 00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:56,280 And. 2018 00:39:56,320 --> 00:39:56,500 Have. 2019 00:39:56,520 --> 00:39:56,700 It. 2020 00:39:57,180 --> 00:39:57,460 Basically. 2021 00:39:57,600 --> 00:39:57,860 Run. 2022 00:39:57,860 --> 00:39:57,960 Our. 2023 00:39:58,260 --> 00:39:58,540 Arbitrary. 2024 00:39:58,780 --> 00:39:59,060 Commands. 2025 00:39:59,500 --> 00:39:59,780 Which. 2026 00:40:00,220 --> 00:40:00,500 Works. 2027 00:40:00,500 --> 00:40:00,680 And. 2028 00:40:00,740 --> 00:40:00,940 Doesn't. 2029 00:40:00,980 --> 00:40:01,260 Work. 2030 00:40:01,860 --> 00:40:02,140 It. 2031 00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:02,440 Works. 2032 00:40:02,840 --> 00:40:03,120 But. 2033 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:03,960 We. 2034 00:40:04,020 --> 00:40:04,100 Were. 2035 00:40:04,180 --> 00:40:04,260 Able. 2036 00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:04,460 To. 2037 00:40:04,780 --> 00:40:05,060 Infect. 2038 00:40:05,140 --> 00:40:05,420 Pearl. 2039 00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:05,740 But. 2040 00:40:05,780 --> 00:40:06,000 Not. 2041 00:40:06,020 --> 00:40:06,180 For. 2042 00:40:06,220 --> 00:40:06,460 C. 2043 00:40:06,700 --> 00:40:06,980 Bypassing. 2044 00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:07,360 Purposes. 2045 00:40:07,900 --> 00:40:08,180 The. 2046 00:40:08,280 --> 00:40:08,540 Reason. 2047 00:40:08,620 --> 00:40:08,800 For. 2048 00:40:08,860 --> 00:40:09,000 That. 2049 00:40:09,020 --> 00:40:09,200 Is. 2050 00:40:09,220 --> 00:40:09,440 Because. 2051 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:09,660 Apple. 2052 00:40:09,960 --> 00:40:10,240 Also. 2053 00:40:10,380 --> 00:40:10,600 Had. 2054 00:40:10,680 --> 00:40:10,740 A. 2055 00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:11,160 Tactical. 2056 00:40:11,180 --> 00:40:11,460 Fix. 2057 00:40:11,860 --> 00:40:12,140 If. 2058 00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:12,220 You. 2059 00:40:12,260 --> 00:40:12,400 Remember. 2060 00:40:12,500 --> 00:40:12,680 That. 2061 00:40:12,740 --> 00:40:13,020 Drop. 2062 00:40:13,100 --> 00:40:13,380 Sip. 2063 00:40:13,980 --> 00:40:14,260 Binary. 2064 00:40:14,400 --> 00:40:14,580 That. 2065 00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:14,740 We. 2066 00:40:14,760 --> 00:40:15,040 Started. 2067 00:40:15,100 --> 00:40:15,300 The. 2068 00:40:15,340 --> 00:40:15,620 Talk. 2069 00:40:15,680 --> 00:40:15,900 With. 2070 00:40:16,300 --> 00:40:16,580 Well. 2071 00:40:16,820 --> 00:40:17,100 What. 2072 00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:17,520 Apple. 2073 00:40:17,640 --> 00:40:17,900 Is. 2074 00:40:17,940 --> 00:40:18,040 Now. 2075 00:40:18,120 --> 00:40:18,400 Doing. 2076 00:40:18,400 --> 00:40:18,620 Is. 2077 00:40:18,700 --> 00:40:18,980 Basically. 2078 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:19,560 Dropping. 2079 00:40:19,640 --> 00:40:19,840 C. 2080 00:40:20,200 --> 00:40:20,480 Bypassing. 2081 00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:20,920 Capabilities. 2082 00:40:21,060 --> 00:40:21,340 Before. 2083 00:40:21,700 --> 00:40:21,980 Launching. 2084 00:40:21,980 --> 00:40:22,200 Those. 2085 00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:22,600 Crits. 2086 00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:23,080 Which. 2087 00:40:23,200 --> 00:40:23,280 Is. 2088 00:40:23,320 --> 00:40:23,440 Kind. 2089 00:40:23,580 --> 00:40:23,620 Of. 2090 00:40:23,660 --> 00:40:23,780 Like. 2091 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:23,920 A. 2092 00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:24,280 Tactical. 2093 00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:24,600 Fix. 2094 00:40:24,740 --> 00:40:24,920 But. 2095 00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:25,180 It. 2096 00:40:25,220 --> 00:40:25,400 Works. 2097 00:40:25,540 --> 00:40:25,760 Because. 2098 00:40:26,220 --> 00:40:26,500 You. 2099 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:26,740 Can't. 2100 00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:26,900 Do. 2101 00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:27,220 Anything. 2102 00:40:27,340 --> 00:40:27,540 Even. 2103 00:40:27,600 --> 00:40:27,760 If. 2104 00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:27,840 You. 2105 00:40:27,940 --> 00:40:28,220 Affect. 2106 00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:29,120 Pearl. 2107 00:40:29,420 --> 00:40:29,680 It. 2108 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:29,920 Doesn't. 2109 00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:30,060 Have. 2110 00:40:30,180 --> 00:40:30,300 The. 2111 00:40:30,740 --> 00:40:30,980 Bypassing. 2112 00:40:31,140 --> 00:40:31,380 Capabilities. 2113 00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:31,840 Anymore. 2114 00:40:32,240 --> 00:40:32,480 So. 2115 00:40:32,580 --> 00:40:32,780 You. 2116 00:40:32,860 --> 00:40:33,060 Can't. 2117 00:40:33,080 --> 00:40:33,200 Use. 2118 00:40:33,300 --> 00:40:33,420 That. 2119 00:40:33,460 --> 00:40:33,660 For. 2120 00:40:34,280 --> 00:40:34,520 Bypassing. 2121 00:40:34,580 --> 00:40:34,820 Sip. 2122 00:40:35,100 --> 00:40:35,340 It's. 2123 00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:35,460 A. 2124 00:40:35,540 --> 00:40:35,600 Cool. 2125 00:40:35,720 --> 00:40:35,880 Way. 2126 00:40:35,940 --> 00:40:36,080 To. 2127 00:40:36,300 --> 00:40:36,540 Persist. 2128 00:40:37,080 --> 00:40:37,320 In. 2129 00:40:37,380 --> 00:40:37,540 An. 2130 00:40:37,680 --> 00:40:37,920 Pearl. 2131 00:40:38,880 --> 00:40:39,120 Intensive. 2132 00:40:39,300 --> 00:40:39,540 Environment. 2133 00:40:40,100 --> 00:40:40,340 But. 2134 00:40:40,400 --> 00:40:40,580 Not. 2135 00:40:40,600 --> 00:40:40,800 Good. 2136 00:40:40,860 --> 00:40:41,020 For. 2137 00:40:41,020 --> 00:40:41,220 This. 2138 00:40:41,500 --> 00:40:41,820 Exploit. 2139 00:40:41,840 --> 00:40:42,000 At. 2140 00:40:42,040 --> 00:40:42,280 Least. 2141 00:40:43,500 --> 00:40:43,820 So. 2142 00:40:43,980 --> 00:40:44,300 That's. 2143 00:40:44,300 --> 00:40:44,580 That's. 2144 00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:44,700 The. 2145 00:40:44,780 --> 00:40:44,940 End. 2146 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:45,320 Really. 2147 00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:46,680 The. 2148 00:40:46,800 --> 00:40:47,120 Vulnerability. 2149 00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:47,460 Was. 2150 00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:47,820 Assigned. 2151 00:40:47,880 --> 00:40:48,020 With. 2152 00:40:48,040 --> 00:40:48,200 CV. 2153 00:40:48,500 --> 00:40:48,820 2023. 2154 00:40:50,120 --> 00:40:50,440 32369. 2155 00:40:50,980 --> 00:40:51,300 Apple. 2156 00:40:51,420 --> 00:40:51,700 Has. 2157 00:40:51,780 --> 00:40:52,060 Really. 2158 00:40:52,140 --> 00:40:52,440 Made. 2159 00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:52,620 An. 2160 00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:53,000 Amazing. 2161 00:40:53,180 --> 00:40:53,500 Impression. 2162 00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:53,680 On. 2163 00:40:53,740 --> 00:40:54,000 Us. 2164 00:40:54,260 --> 00:40:54,580 Those. 2165 00:40:54,680 --> 00:40:54,800 Are. 2166 00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:55,000 Solid. 2167 00:40:55,560 --> 00:40:55,760 Fixes. 2168 00:40:55,860 --> 00:40:56,060 And. 2169 00:40:56,560 --> 00:40:56,760 You. 2170 00:40:56,860 --> 00:40:56,880 Know. 2171 00:40:56,940 --> 00:40:57,140 Besides. 2172 00:40:57,300 --> 00:40:57,420 The. 2173 00:40:57,660 --> 00:40:57,860 Tactical. 2174 00:40:58,020 --> 00:40:58,220 Fix. 2175 00:40:58,280 --> 00:40:58,480 Which. 2176 00:40:58,540 --> 00:40:58,640 Is. 2177 00:40:58,680 --> 00:40:58,840 Good. 2178 00:40:59,260 --> 00:40:59,460 Like. 2179 00:40:59,520 --> 00:40:59,620 The. 2180 00:40:59,640 --> 00:40:59,780 Other. 2181 00:40:59,840 --> 00:40:59,980 Two. 2182 00:41:00,220 --> 00:41:00,420 Fixes. 2183 00:41:00,420 --> 00:41:00,600 The. 2184 00:41:00,640 --> 00:41:00,840 Launch. 2185 00:41:01,300 --> 00:41:01,500 Constraints. 2186 00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:01,720 And. 2187 00:41:01,780 --> 00:41:01,840 The. 2188 00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:02,020 Fact. 2189 00:41:02,100 --> 00:41:02,200 That. 2190 00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:02,340 There. 2191 00:41:02,400 --> 00:41:02,440 Are. 2192 00:41:18,760 --> 00:41:18,960 No. 2193 00:41:18,960 --> 00:41:19,100 More. 2194 00:41:19,100 --> 00:41:19,200 And. 2195 00:41:19,780 --> 00:41:20,020 Poisoning. 2196 00:41:20,080 --> 00:41:20,140 And. 2197 00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:20,280 Stuff. 2198 00:41:20,300 --> 00:41:20,460 Like. 2199 00:41:20,500 --> 00:41:20,680 That. 2200 00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:22,240 Besides. 2201 00:41:22,460 --> 00:41:22,600 That. 2202 00:41:22,740 --> 00:41:22,980 Apple. 2203 00:41:23,100 --> 00:41:23,320 Has. 2204 00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:23,640 Granted. 2205 00:41:23,820 --> 00:41:24,060 A. 2206 00:41:24,260 --> 00:41:24,500 Really. 2207 00:41:24,720 --> 00:41:24,960 Nice. 2208 00:41:25,340 --> 00:41:25,580 Bounty. 2209 00:41:25,660 --> 00:41:25,860 Money. 2210 00:41:25,980 --> 00:41:26,220 Which. 2211 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:26,420 We. 2212 00:41:26,600 --> 00:41:26,840 Donated. 2213 00:41:26,860 --> 00:41:27,040 To. 2214 00:41:27,220 --> 00:41:27,460 Charity. 2215 00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:29,320 If. 2216 00:41:29,400 --> 00:41:29,580 You. 2217 00:41:29,700 --> 00:41:29,740 Don't. 2218 00:41:29,840 --> 00:41:29,900 Know. 2219 00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:30,100 That. 2220 00:41:30,140 --> 00:41:30,320 By. 2221 00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:30,440 The. 2222 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:30,540 Way. 2223 00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:30,720 And. 2224 00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:30,820 You. 2225 00:41:30,960 --> 00:41:31,020 Get. 2226 00:41:31,220 --> 00:41:31,420 Bounty. 2227 00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:31,680 From. 2228 00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:32,080 One. 2229 00:41:32,180 --> 00:41:32,240 Of. 2230 00:41:32,260 --> 00:41:32,360 These. 2231 00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:32,600 Big. 2232 00:41:32,800 --> 00:41:33,000 Companies. 2233 00:41:33,120 --> 00:41:33,220 You. 2234 00:41:33,280 --> 00:41:33,340 Can. 2235 00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:33,580 Ask. 2236 00:41:33,620 --> 00:41:33,740 Them. 2237 00:41:33,780 --> 00:41:33,900 To. 2238 00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:34,160 Donate. 2239 00:41:34,180 --> 00:41:34,300 To. 2240 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:34,600 Charity. 2241 00:41:34,700 --> 00:41:34,800 And. 2242 00:41:34,840 --> 00:41:34,920 They. 2243 00:41:35,020 --> 00:41:35,100 Will. 2244 00:41:35,300 --> 00:41:35,500 Usually. 2245 00:41:35,700 --> 00:41:35,900 Double. 2246 00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:36,120 That. 2247 00:41:36,220 --> 00:41:36,420 Amount. 2248 00:41:36,820 --> 00:41:37,020 So. 2249 00:41:37,700 --> 00:41:37,900 Donate. 2250 00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:38,040 To. 2251 00:41:38,040 --> 00:41:38,460 Charity. 2252 00:41:38,520 --> 00:41:38,760 If. 2253 00:41:38,960 --> 00:41:39,200 You. 2254 00:41:39,400 --> 00:41:39,640 I. 2255 00:41:39,740 --> 00:41:39,840 Mean. 2256 00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:39,980 If. 2257 00:41:40,060 --> 00:41:40,100 You. 2258 00:41:40,240 --> 00:41:40,280 Into. 2259 00:41:40,380 --> 00:41:40,560 That. 2260 00:41:40,760 --> 00:41:41,000 And. 2261 00:41:41,120 --> 00:41:41,180 We. 2262 00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:41,400 Wish. 2263 00:41:41,420 --> 00:41:41,520 To. 2264 00:41:41,540 --> 00:41:41,660 Thank. 2265 00:41:41,800 --> 00:41:42,020 Apple. 2266 00:41:42,120 --> 00:41:42,300 For. 2267 00:41:42,700 --> 00:41:42,940 Everything. 2268 00:41:43,120 --> 00:41:43,360 Here. 2269 00:41:44,180 --> 00:41:44,420 And. 2270 00:41:45,020 --> 00:41:45,260 It. 2271 00:41:45,340 --> 00:41:45,460 Is. 2272 00:41:45,480 --> 00:41:45,620 Our. 2273 00:41:45,740 --> 00:41:45,920 Point. 2274 00:41:45,980 --> 00:41:46,120 Of. 2275 00:41:46,140 --> 00:41:46,300 View. 2276 00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:46,480 That. 2277 00:41:46,520 --> 00:41:46,720 With. 2278 00:41:46,780 --> 00:41:47,020 Apple. 2279 00:41:47,020 --> 00:41:47,280 Moving. 2280 00:41:47,820 --> 00:41:48,100 Everything. 2281 00:41:48,480 --> 00:41:48,760 To. 2282 00:41:48,860 --> 00:41:49,060 User. 2283 00:41:49,120 --> 00:41:49,360 Land. 2284 00:41:49,420 --> 00:41:49,520 And. 2285 00:41:49,580 --> 00:41:49,800 Creating. 2286 00:41:50,060 --> 00:41:50,340 Separate. 2287 00:41:50,340 --> 00:41:50,580 Security. 2288 00:41:50,820 --> 00:41:51,100 Layers. 2289 00:41:51,140 --> 00:41:51,300 As. 2290 00:41:51,360 --> 00:41:51,400 You. 2291 00:41:51,440 --> 00:41:51,540 Could. 2292 00:41:51,580 --> 00:41:51,660 Have. 2293 00:41:51,700 --> 00:41:51,860 Seen. 2294 00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:52,040 With. 2295 00:41:52,100 --> 00:41:52,200 All. 2296 00:41:52,260 --> 00:41:52,340 The. 2297 00:41:52,400 --> 00:41:52,680 Entitlements. 2298 00:41:52,880 --> 00:41:52,980 And. 2299 00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:53,120 Stuff. 2300 00:41:53,180 --> 00:41:53,340 Like. 2301 00:41:53,360 --> 00:41:53,520 That. 2302 00:41:54,440 --> 00:41:54,720 And. 2303 00:41:55,100 --> 00:41:55,380 They're. 2304 00:41:55,520 --> 00:41:55,800 Basically. 2305 00:41:55,920 --> 00:41:56,200 Killing. 2306 00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:57,480 Kernel. 2307 00:41:57,720 --> 00:41:58,000 Extensions. 2308 00:41:58,000 --> 00:41:58,300 And. 2309 00:41:58,500 --> 00:41:58,680 Not. 2310 00:41:58,720 --> 00:41:58,880 So. 2311 00:41:59,360 --> 00:41:59,600 You. 2312 00:41:59,660 --> 00:41:59,780 Know. 2313 00:42:00,300 --> 00:42:00,540 There. 2314 00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:00,780 Are. 2315 00:42:00,800 --> 00:42:01,040 Like. 2316 00:42:01,080 --> 00:42:01,160 The. 2317 00:42:01,300 --> 00:42:01,540 Peasants. 2318 00:42:01,720 --> 00:42:01,960 And. 2319 00:42:01,980 --> 00:42:02,200 And. 2320 00:42:02,240 --> 00:42:02,420 Apple. 2321 00:42:03,020 --> 00:42:03,260 And. 2322 00:42:03,680 --> 00:42:03,920 In. 2323 00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:04,220 The. 2324 00:42:04,300 --> 00:42:04,600 O.S. 2325 00:42:04,600 --> 00:42:04,720 At. 2326 00:42:04,780 --> 00:42:04,920 Least. 2327 00:42:05,860 --> 00:42:06,100 And. 2328 00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:06,640 Because. 2329 00:42:06,720 --> 00:42:06,840 They. 2330 00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:07,180 The. 2331 00:42:07,240 --> 00:42:07,320 Keys. 2332 00:42:07,400 --> 00:42:07,500 To. 2333 00:42:07,540 --> 00:42:07,620 The. 2334 00:42:07,660 --> 00:42:07,860 Kingdom. 2335 00:42:07,860 --> 00:42:08,180 We. 2336 00:42:08,660 --> 00:42:08,860 Believe. 2337 00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:09,060 That. 2338 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:09,360 Similar. 2339 00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:10,200 Bypasses. 2340 00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:10,400 Will. 2341 00:42:10,540 --> 00:42:10,740 Basically. 2342 00:42:10,940 --> 00:42:11,140 Shake. 2343 00:42:11,180 --> 00:42:11,260 The. 2344 00:42:11,320 --> 00:42:11,420 Mac. 2345 00:42:11,440 --> 00:42:11,720 O.S. 2346 00:42:12,020 --> 00:42:12,220 Ecosystem. 2347 00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:12,500 Because. 2348 00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:12,880 Again. 2349 00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:13,560 In. 2350 00:42:13,660 --> 00:42:13,820 This. 2351 00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:14,080 Case. 2352 00:42:14,100 --> 00:42:14,260 We. 2353 00:42:14,340 --> 00:42:14,400 Were. 2354 00:42:14,480 --> 00:42:14,680 Lucky. 2355 00:42:14,760 --> 00:42:14,920 That. 2356 00:42:15,060 --> 00:42:15,260 We. 2357 00:42:15,300 --> 00:42:15,380 Are. 2358 00:42:15,460 --> 00:42:15,560 The. 2359 00:42:15,660 --> 00:42:15,860 Ones. 2360 00:42:15,860 --> 00:42:15,960 Who. 2361 00:42:16,020 --> 00:42:16,200 Found. 2362 00:42:16,220 --> 00:42:16,380 It. 2363 00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:16,540 But. 2364 00:42:16,540 --> 00:42:16,680 If. 2365 00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:17,220 You. 2366 00:42:17,320 --> 00:42:17,400 Know. 2367 00:42:17,460 --> 00:42:17,680 There. 2368 00:42:17,800 --> 00:42:17,920 Is. 2369 00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:18,220 Some. 2370 00:42:18,520 --> 00:42:18,740 Malware. 2371 00:42:18,820 --> 00:42:19,000 Author. 2372 00:42:19,120 --> 00:42:19,320 That. 2373 00:42:19,360 --> 00:42:19,580 Finds. 2374 00:42:19,660 --> 00:42:19,860 Something. 2375 00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:20,040 Like. 2376 00:42:20,100 --> 00:42:20,240 That. 2377 00:42:20,540 --> 00:42:20,760 They. 2378 00:42:20,860 --> 00:42:20,940 Can. 2379 00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:21,180 Create. 2380 00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:21,480 Under. 2381 00:42:21,540 --> 00:42:21,740 Little. 2382 00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:22,420 Untitled. 2383 00:42:22,980 --> 00:42:23,200 Malware. 2384 00:42:23,300 --> 00:42:23,360 And. 2385 00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:23,480 Stuff. 2386 00:42:23,520 --> 00:42:23,680 Like. 2387 00:42:23,700 --> 00:42:23,840 That. 2388 00:42:23,880 --> 00:42:24,080 And. 2389 00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:24,500 No. 2390 00:42:24,600 --> 00:42:24,740 One. 2391 00:42:24,740 --> 00:42:24,840 Will. 2392 00:42:24,920 --> 00:42:24,980 Be. 2393 00:42:24,980 --> 00:42:25,080 Able. 2394 00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:25,260 To. 2395 00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:25,620 Anything. 2396 00:42:25,740 --> 00:42:26,020 Besides. 2397 00:42:26,140 --> 00:42:26,420 Apple. 2398 00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:27,080 Which. 2399 00:42:27,160 --> 00:42:27,420 Might. 2400 00:42:27,500 --> 00:42:27,660 Be. 2401 00:42:27,660 --> 00:42:27,800 Too. 2402 00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:28,180 Late. 2403 00:42:29,320 --> 00:42:29,600 So. 2404 00:42:29,740 --> 00:42:29,960 I. 2405 00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:30,140 Think. 2406 00:42:30,340 --> 00:42:30,620 That's. 2407 00:42:30,640 --> 00:42:30,920 Pretty. 2408 00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:31,320 Much. 2409 00:42:31,460 --> 00:42:31,700 It. 2410 00:42:32,080 --> 00:42:32,360 Well. 2411 00:42:32,460 --> 00:42:32,700 Thank. 2412 00:42:32,820 --> 00:42:32,880 You. 2413 00:42:32,920 --> 00:42:33,080 So. 2414 00:42:33,100 --> 00:42:33,360 Much.