{
    "id": "CVE-2012-0391",
    "published": "2012-01-08 15:55:01",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-16 23:37:12",
    "cvss_score": "9.8",
    "cvss_severity": "CRITICAL",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-94",
    "description": "The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.",
    "epss_score": "0.75599",
    "epss_percentile": "0.99505",
    "kev": 1,
    "kev_due": "2022-07-21",
    "has_exploit": 1,
    "updated_at": "2026-09-26 18:18:13",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 1,
        "label": "Patch first",
        "why": "On CISA KEV — known exploited in the wild, due 2022-07-21."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "apache",
            "product": "struts"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": {
        "cve_id": "CVE-2012-0391",
        "date_added": "2022-01-21",
        "due_date": "2022-07-21",
        "vendor": "Apache",
        "product": "Struts 2",
        "name": "Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability",
        "ransomware": 0
    },
    "exploits": [
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "18984",
            "title": "Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)",
            "date": "2012-06-05",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18984"
        },
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "18329",
            "title": "Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities",
            "date": "2012-01-06",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329"
        }
    ],
    "refs_list": [
        "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html",
        "http://secunia.com/advisories/47393",
        "http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html",
        "http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html",
        "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329",
        "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668",
        "https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt",
        "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html",
        "http://secunia.com/advisories/47393",
        "http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html",
        "http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html",
        "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329",
        "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668",
        "https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt",
        "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391"
    ]
}