{
    "id": "CVE-2016-0728",
    "published": "2016-02-08 03:59:10",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 00:38:06",
    "cvss_score": "7.8",
    "cvss_severity": "HIGH",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": null,
    "description": "The join_session_keyring function in security/keys/process_keys.c in the Linux kernel before 4.4.1 mishandles object references in a certain error case, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (integer overflow and use-after-free) via crafted keyctl commands.",
    "epss_score": "0.03442",
    "epss_percentile": "0.88652",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 1,
    "updated_at": "2026-10-07 18:17:13",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 2,
        "label": "Patch early",
        "why": "A public exploit exists."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "canonical",
            "product": "ubuntu_linux"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "debian",
            "product": "debian_linux"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "google",
            "product": "android"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "hp",
            "product": "server_migration_pack"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "linux",
            "product": "linux_kernel"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "39277",
            "title": "Linux Kernel 4.4.1 - REFCOUNT Overflow Use-After-Free in Keyrings Local Privilege Escalation (1)",
            "date": "2016-01-19",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39277"
        },
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "40003",
            "title": "Linux Kernel 4.4.1 - REFCOUNT Overflow Use-After-Free in Keyrings Local Privilege Escalation (2)",
            "date": "2016-01-19",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40003"
        }
    ],
    "refs_list": [
        "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=23567fd052a9abb6d67fe8e7a9ccdd9800a540f2",
        "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-February/176484.html",
        "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-January/176194.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-01/msg00026.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-02/msg00012.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00033.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00034.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00035.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00038.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00039.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00040.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00041.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00043.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00044.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00045.html",
        "http://perception-point.io/2016/01/14/analysis-and-exploitation-of-a-linux-kernel-vulnerability-cve-2016-0728/",
        "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0064.html",
        "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0065.html",
        "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0068.html",
        "http://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-03-01.html",
        "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3448",
        "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.4.1",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/01/19/2",
        "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinjan2016-2867209.html",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/81054"
    ]
}