{
    "id": "CVE-2016-3081",
    "published": "2016-04-26 14:59:02",
    "last_modified": "2026-10-09 14:43:05",
    "cvss_score": "8.1",
    "cvss_severity": "HIGH",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-77",
    "description": "Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.",
    "epss_score": "0.96916",
    "epss_percentile": "0.99889",
    "kev": 1,
    "kev_due": "2026-10-11",
    "has_exploit": 1,
    "updated_at": "2026-11-11 18:17:16",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 1,
        "label": "Patch first",
        "why": "On CISA KEV — known exploited in the wild, due 2026-10-11."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "apache",
            "product": "struts"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "agile_controller-campus"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "agile_controller-campus_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "anyoffice"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "firehunter6000"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "firehunter6000_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "logcenter"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18500_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18500f"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18500f_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18800_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18800f"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_18800f_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5300_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5500_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5600_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5800_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_6800_v3"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_9000"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_9000_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_n8500"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_n8500_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_onebox"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "huawei",
            "product": "oceanstor_onebox_firmware"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "oracle",
            "product": "flexcube_private_banking"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "oracle",
            "product": "micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "oracle",
            "product": "siebel_e-billing"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": {
        "cve_id": "CVE-2016-3081",
        "date_added": "2026-10-08",
        "due_date": "2026-10-11",
        "vendor": "Apache",
        "product": "Struts",
        "name": "Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability",
        "ransomware": 0
    },
    "exploits": [
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "39756",
            "title": "Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)",
            "date": "2016-05-02",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756"
        }
    ],
    "refs_list": [
        "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html",
        "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en",
        "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html",
        "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html",
        "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec",
        "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787",
        "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665",
        "https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html",
        "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/",
        "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html",
        "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en",
        "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html",
        "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html",
        "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec",
        "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787",
        "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665",
        "https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html",
        "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/",
        "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081"
    ]
}