{
    "id": "CVE-2016-4578",
    "published": "2016-05-23 10:59:09",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 00:47:49",
    "cvss_score": "5.5",
    "cvss_severity": "MEDIUM",
    "cvss_version": "3.0",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
    "cwe": "CWE-200",
    "description": "sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via crafted use of the ALSA timer interface, related to the (1) snd_timer_user_ccallback and (2) snd_timer_user_tinterrupt functions.",
    "epss_score": "0.01202",
    "epss_percentile": "0.67391",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 1,
    "updated_at": "2026-10-11 18:17:14",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 2,
        "label": "Patch early",
        "why": "A public exploit exists."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "canonical",
            "product": "ubuntu_linux"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "debian",
            "product": "debian_linux"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "linux",
            "product": "linux_kernel"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "opensuse",
            "product": "leap"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "opensuse",
            "product": "opensuse"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "redhat",
            "product": "enterprise_linux_desktop"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "redhat",
            "product": "enterprise_linux_server"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "redhat",
            "product": "enterprise_linux_server_aus"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "redhat",
            "product": "enterprise_linux_server_eus"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "redhat",
            "product": "enterprise_linux_server_tus"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "redhat",
            "product": "enterprise_linux_workstation"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "46529",
            "title": "Linux Kernel 4.4 (Ubuntu 16.04) - 'snd_timer_user_ccallback()' Kernel Pointer Leak",
            "date": "2019-03-11",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46529"
        }
    ],
    "refs_list": [
        "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=9a47e9cff994f37f7f0dbd9ae23740d0f64f9fe6",
        "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=e4ec8cc8039a7063e24204299b462bd1383184a5",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00044.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00052.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00054.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-08/msg00000.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-08/msg00007.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-08/msg00044.html",
        "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-08/msg00055.html",
        "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2574.html",
        "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2584.html",
        "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3607",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/11/5",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90535",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3016-1",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3016-2",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3016-3",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3016-4",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3017-1",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3017-2",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3017-3",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3018-1",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3018-2",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3019-1",
        "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3020-1"
    ]
}