{
    "id": "CVE-2017-16995",
    "published": "2017-12-27 17:08:17",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 01:10:14",
    "cvss_score": "7.8",
    "cvss_severity": "HIGH",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-119",
    "description": "The check_alu_op function in kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel through 4.4 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact by leveraging incorrect sign extension.",
    "epss_score": "0.30052",
    "epss_percentile": "0.98157",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 1,
    "updated_at": "2026-09-28 18:17:17",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 2,
        "label": "Patch early",
        "why": "A public exploit exists."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "canonical",
            "product": "ubuntu_linux"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "debian",
            "product": "debian_linux"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "linux",
            "product": "linux_kernel"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "45058",
            "title": "Linux - BPF Sign Extension Local Privilege Escalation (Metasploit)",
            "date": "2018-07-19",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45058"
        },
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "45010",
            "title": "Linux Kernel < 4.13.9 (Ubuntu 16.04 / Fedora 27) - Local Privilege Escalation",
            "date": "2018-07-10",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45010"
        },
        {
            "source": "exploit-db",
            "ref_id": "44298",
            "title": "Linux Kernel < 4.4.0-116 (Ubuntu 16.04.4) - Local Privilege Escalation",
            "date": "2018-03-16",
            "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44298"
        }
    ],
    "refs_list": [
        "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=95a762e2c8c942780948091f8f2a4f32fce1ac6f",
        "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/12/21/2",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102288",
        "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1454",
        "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip.git/commit/?id=a6132276ab5dcc38b3299082efeb25b948263adb",
        "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/95a762e2c8c942780948091f8f2a4f32fce1ac6f",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3619-1/",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3619-2/",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3633-1/",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-3523-2/",
        "https://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-4073",
        "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44298/",
        "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45010/",
        "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45058/",
        "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=95a762e2c8c942780948091f8f2a4f32fce1ac6f",
        "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/12/21/2",
        "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102288",
        "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1454",
        "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip.git/commit/?id=a6132276ab5dcc38b3299082efeb25b948263adb",
        "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/95a762e2c8c942780948091f8f2a4f32fce1ac6f",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3619-1/",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3619-2/",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3633-1/",
        "https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-3523-2/",
        "https://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-4073"
    ]
}