{
    "id": "CVE-2021-33564",
    "published": "2021-05-29 14:15:08",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 03:54:48",
    "cvss_score": "9.8",
    "cvss_severity": "CRITICAL",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-88",
    "description": "An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the verify_url option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.",
    "epss_score": "0.72143",
    "epss_percentile": "0.99416",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 0,
    "updated_at": "2026-09-26 18:48:30",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 2,
        "label": "Patch early",
        "why": "EPSS 72.1% — above the 10% action threshold."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "dragonfly_project",
            "product": "dragonfly"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [],
    "refs_list": [
        "https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/commit/25399297bb457f7fcf8e3f91e85945b255b111b5",
        "https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/compare/v1.3.0...v1.4.0",
        "https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/issues/513",
        "https://github.com/mlr0p/CVE-2021-33564",
        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/master/cves/2021/CVE-2021-33564.yaml",
        "https://zxsecurity.co.nz/research/argunment-injection-ruby-dragonfly/",
        "https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/commit/25399297bb457f7fcf8e3f91e85945b255b111b5",
        "https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/compare/v1.3.0...v1.4.0",
        "https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/issues/513",
        "https://github.com/mlr0p/CVE-2021-33564",
        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/master/cves/2021/CVE-2021-33564.yaml",
        "https://zxsecurity.co.nz/research/argunment-injection-ruby-dragonfly/"
    ]
}