{
    "id": "CVE-2021-41816",
    "published": "2022-02-06 21:15:07",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 04:08:57",
    "cvss_score": "9.8",
    "cvss_severity": "CRITICAL",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-190",
    "description": "CGI.escape_html in Ruby before 2.7.5 and 3.x before 3.0.3 has an integer overflow and resultant buffer overflow via a long string on platforms (such as Windows) where size_t and long have different numbers of bytes. This also affects the CGI gem before 0.3.1 for Ruby.",
    "epss_score": "0.04898",
    "epss_percentile": "0.91856",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 0,
    "updated_at": "2026-10-07 18:17:27",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 3,
        "label": "In your normal cycle",
        "why": "Critical by CVSS (9.8), but no sign of active exploitation."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "fedoraproject",
            "product": "fedora"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "ruby-lang",
            "product": "cgi"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "ruby-lang",
            "product": "ruby"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [],
    "refs_list": [
        "https://hackerone.com/reports/1328463",
        "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IUXQCH6FRKANCVZO2Q7D2SQX33FP3KWN/",
        "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UTOJGS5IEFDK3UOO7IY4OTTFGHGLSWZF/",
        "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-41816",
        "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-27",
        "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220303-0006/",
        "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2021/11/24/buffer-overrun-in-cgi-escape_html-cve-2021-41816/",
        "https://hackerone.com/reports/1328463",
        "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IUXQCH6FRKANCVZO2Q7D2SQX33FP3KWN/",
        "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UTOJGS5IEFDK3UOO7IY4OTTFGHGLSWZF/",
        "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-41816",
        "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-27",
        "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220303-0006/",
        "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2021/11/24/buffer-overrun-in-cgi-escape_html-cve-2021-41816/"
    ]
}