{
    "id": "CVE-2023-38408",
    "published": "2023-07-20 03:15:10",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 06:10:06",
    "cvss_score": "9.8",
    "cvss_severity": "CRITICAL",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-428",
    "description": "The PKCS#11 feature in ssh-agent in OpenSSH before 9.3p2 has an insufficiently trustworthy search path, leading to remote code execution if an agent is forwarded to an attacker-controlled system. (Code in /usr/lib is not necessarily safe for loading into ssh-agent.) NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-10009.",
    "epss_score": "0.79700",
    "epss_percentile": "0.99598",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 0,
    "updated_at": "2026-09-30 18:17:37",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 2,
        "label": "Patch early",
        "why": "EPSS 79.7% — above the 10% action threshold."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "fedoraproject",
            "product": "fedora"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "openbsd",
            "product": "openssh"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [],
    "refs_list": [
        "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173661/OpenSSH-Forwarded-SSH-Agent-Remote-Code-Execution.html",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/20/1",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/20/2",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/22/11",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/22/9",
        "https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2023/07/19/cve-2023-38408-remote-code-execution-in-opensshs-forwarded-ssh-agent",
        "https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/7bc29a9d5cd697290aa056e94ecee6253d3425f8",
        "https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/f03a4faa55c4ce0818324701dadbf91988d7351d",
        "https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/f8f5a6b003981bb824329dc987d101977beda7ca",
        "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00021.html",
        "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CEBTJJINE2I3FHAUKKNQWMFGYMLSMWKQ/",
        "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RAXVQS6ZYTULFAK3TEJHRLKZALJS3AOU/",
        "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36790196",
        "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202307-01",
        "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0010/",
        "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213940",
        "https://www.openssh.com/security.html",
        "https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.3p2",
        "https://www.qualys.com/2023/07/19/cve-2023-38408/rce-openssh-forwarded-ssh-agent.txt",
        "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/exploring-opensshs-agent-forwarding-rce-cve-2023-38408",
        "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173661/OpenSSH-Forwarded-SSH-Agent-Remote-Code-Execution.html",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/20/1",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/20/2",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/22/11",
        "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/22/9"
    ]
}