{
    "id": "CVE-2025-25292",
    "published": "2025-03-12 21:15:42",
    "last_modified": "2026-06-17 09:00:37",
    "cvss_score": "9.8",
    "cvss_severity": "CRITICAL",
    "cvss_version": "3.1",
    "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "cwe": "CWE-347",
    "description": "ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.",
    "epss_score": "0.65086",
    "epss_percentile": "0.99233",
    "kev": 0,
    "kev_due": null,
    "has_exploit": 0,
    "updated_at": "2026-10-01 18:17:49",
    "priority": {
        "rank": 2,
        "label": "Patch early",
        "why": "EPSS 65.1% — above the 10% action threshold."
    },
    "products": [
        {
            "vendor": "netapp",
            "product": "storagegrid"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "omniauth",
            "product": "omniauth_saml"
        },
        {
            "vendor": "onelogin",
            "product": "ruby-saml"
        }
    ],
    "kev_detail": null,
    "exploits": [],
    "refs_list": [
        "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released",
        "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials",
        "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9",
        "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97",
        "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4",
        "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0",
        "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2",
        "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv",
        "https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins",
        "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml",
        "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html",
        "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519",
        "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/"
    ]
}